• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.383-405
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• 2005

The traditional market is foremost a regionally positioned place, wherein the market directly represents regional and cultural centered traits while it plays an important role in the circulation of facilities through reciprocal, informative and cultural exchanges while sewing to form local communities. The traditional market in Korea is one of representative retail businesses and premodern marketing techniques by family owned business of less than five members such as product management, purchase method, and marketing patterns etc. Since the 1990s, the appearance of new circulation-type businesses and large discount convenience stores escalated the loss of traditional competitiveness, increased the living standard of customers, changed purchasing patterns, and expanded the ubiquity of the Internet. All of these changes in external circulation circumstances have led the traditional markets to lose their place in the economy. The traditional market should revive on a regional site basis through the formation of a community of regional neighbors and through knowledge-sharing that leads to the creation of wealth. For the purpose of creating a wealth in a place, the following components are necessary: 1) a facility suitable for the spatial place of the present, 2)trust built through exchanges within the changing market environment, which would simultaneously satisfy customer's desires, 3) international bench marking on cases such as regionally centered TCM (England), BID (USA), and TMO (Japan) so that the market unit of store placement transfers from a spot policy to a line policy, 4)conversion of communicative conception through a surface policy approach centered around a macro-region perspective. The budget of the traditional market funding policy was operational between 2001 and 2004, serving as a counter move to solve the problem of the old traditional market through government intervention in regional economies to promote national economic strength. This national treasury funding project was centered on environmental improvement, research corps, and business modernization through the expenditure of 3,853 hundred million won (Korean currency). However, the effectiveness of this project has yet to be to proven through investigation. Furthermore, in promoting this funding support project, a lack of professionalism among merchants in the market led to constant limitations in comprehensive striving strategies, reduced capabilities in middle-and long-term plan setup, and created reductions in voluntary merchant agreement solutions. The traditional market should go beyond mere physical place and ordinary products creative site strategies employing the communicative approach must accompany these strategies to make the market a new regional and spatial living place. Thus, regarding recent paradigm changes and the introduction of region-based site functions into the traditional market, acquiring a conversion of direction into the newly developed project is essential to reinvestigate the traditional market composed of cultural and economic meanings, for the purpose of the research. Excavating social policy demands through the comparative analysis of domestic and international cases as well as innovative and expert management leadership development for NPO or NGO civil entrepreneurs through advanced case research on present promotion methods is extremely important. Discovering the seeds of the cultural contents industry cored around regional resource usages, commercializing regionally reknowned products, and constructing complex cultural living places for regional networks are especially important. In order to accelerate these solutions, a comprehensive and systemized approach research operated within a mentor academy system is required, as research will reveal distinctive traits of the traditional market in the aging society.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.370-378
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• 2009

This study tries to provide the basic direction to form the arboretum with the distinct features by providing the basic data to help the differentiated strategy for each arboretum. For this purpose, the users' pattern, importance of the indicator by the function, and the stimulation and specialization importance were examined for Daegu Arboretum, Gyeongbuk Arboretum and Gyeongnam Arboretum in Gyeongsang Province. The result says, looking into the functions of arboretum, the collection function showed the highest importance in the preservation of the endangered crisis species; the display function showed the highest in the use as the nature experiencing spaces through the plant exhibition; the research function showed the highest in the study on Plant Systematics; the education function showed the highest in the protection of the native plants; and the recreational function showed the highest in the healthy recreational space. In the plan for the promotion of the arboretum showed the highest in the public education program operation such as the narration from arboretum and education for plant. Therefore, it is considered to need the system setup such as the education program, material development and specialist training in terms of the arboretum. For the specialization plan for arboretum in this study, it seem desirable to concentrate on the research and education related to the natural resources renewal, for Daegu Arboretum; to concentrate on the resort site for the protection and display of the species and the disabled visitors by utilizing the geographical traits in the mountains, for Gyeongbuk Arboretum; to create the specialization plan mainly for the tree species suitable for the warm weather and for the children.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the change of environmental capacity in Yong-in City, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea through calculation of ecological footprint indices and analysis of their changes, and to suggest implications for urban development and planning. In this study, we analyzed ecological footprints of 1993, 2003, and 2013 to understand the patterns of land use changes and development in Yong-in City. We also compared the GIS land cover maps and ecological footprint indices to figure out land cover changes associated with resource consumption in Yong-in City. As a result, we found the following three lessons. First, the ecological footprint indices of Yong-in City are 3.20(gha) in 1993, 6.50(gha) in 2003, and 11.15(gha) in 2013. This implies that the ecological footprint of Yong-in City is much larger than 1.80(gha), the globally required ecological footprint per capita and 3.56(gha), the average ecological footprint of South Korea. Second, the forest ecological footprint of Yong-in City was calculated as the largest, followed by the ecological footprints of energy, food, and built environment. In particular, the forest ecological footprint was the most rapidly increased from 0.002(gha) in 1993 to 7.32(gha) in 2013, followed by energy ecological footprint from 0.87(gha) to 2.38(gha). This implies that the provision and consumption of timber are seriously unbalanced, and energy consumption is unsustainable because of the rapid increase of residential and commercial land development in the city. Third, our analysis of the rapid increase of forest ecological footprint indicates that the disturbed forest areas are concentrated in the increased built environment areas. We also observed that the increase of energy ecological footprint indices was caused largely by the increase of the commercial and road areas. This implies that Yong-in City should minimize forest disturbance and expand green areas for future in the city. In addition, this may provide a reasonable ground that the city should reduce the use of fossil fuels and facilitate the use of renewable energy.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application level of swine slurry on the growth characteristics and yield of sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid and $NO_3-N$ content in infiltration at experimental field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA from 2000 to 2002. Treatments were consisted of non fertilizer(NF), chemical fertilizer(CF), 100% swine slurry(SS 100), 150% swine slurry(SS 150), 200% swine slurry(SS 200) and 100% swine slurry + CF 50%(SS100 + CF 50) with randomized complete block design and three replications. Growth of sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid was not nearly different among the treatments, but early growth of swine slurry treatments was better than that of CF, and regrowth after 1st cutting was shown better in CF and SS 100+CF 50 with adding application of chemical fertilizer. The sugar content(brix %) was tends to be increased with swine slurry application. Dry matter(DM) yields of SS 100 and SS 150 were lower 15 and 6% than that of CF, respectively, and SS 200 was similer to CF, but there was not found significant difference among all treatments. The content of crude protein(CP), acid detergent fiber(ADF), and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) did not show the difference. The content of $NO_3-N$ in infiltration water was not more than CF by the 55 150 application, but more than by SS 200 and 55 100+CF 50 treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.76-87
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• 2015

The present study examines the Saekgyeong (Classic of Husbandry; 1676), an agricultural manual dating from the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), and the agricultural thought of its author by Park Se-dang (pen name: Seogye; 1629-1703), a scholar. Its purpose lies in exploring the value of contemporary urban agriculture based on an examination of the attitudes toward agriculture, the values pursued through agriculture, and the ways of dealing with and using land as evinced by the classic and its author. Confirmed through an examination of Park's agricultural philosophy and the Saekgyeong, the results of the present study are as follow. First, there is the socioeconomic value of pursuing the stability of and promoting the economic independence of indigent petty peasants through productivity improvement. Second, there is the experiential value of exploration through experience and agricultural field practice for study. Third, there is the environmental value of endeavoring to overcome an infertile natural environment through agricultural methods that sought to accommodate the land by reading the flow and phenomena of nature. Fourth, there is the practical value of compiling the Saekgyeong and seeking to broaden its use as a guidebook containing agricultural methods appropriate to the land and the wisdom for life.8) When examined in terms of contemporary urban agriculture, the significance of the four values above is as follows: the socioeconomic effect of encouraging urban agricultural activities as a means of welfare for socially alienated classes and promoting the creation of jobs; the enhancement of the significance of study through hands-on activities from an educational perspective; the recycling and recovery of resources and the enhancement of environmental consciousness for the recovery of urban ecology; and a practical spirit that seeks to contribute directly to society through academic research that contributes to practical life and approaches familiar to the populace. The present study sought to find the value of urban agriculture, under discussion in diverse ways in recent years, in the thoughts of our ancestors, who pondered on agriculture. Despite differences in the periodic background, the significance of the present study lies in its in-depth reexamination of the fundamental significance of diverse agricultural values that are being pursued today.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.115-127
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• 2018

This study aims to propose management strategies of ventilation paths for improving urban thermal environments. For this purpose, Gimhae-si in Gyeongsangnamdo was selected as a study area. We analyzed hot spots and cool spots in Gimhae by using Landsat 8 satellite image data and spatial statistical analysis, and finally derived the vulnerable areas to thermal environment. In addition, the characteristics of ventilation paths including wind direction and wind speed were analyzed by using data of the wind resource map provided by Korea Meteorological Administration. As a result, it was found that a lot of hot spots were similar to those with weak wind such as Jinyoung-eup, Jillye-myeon, Juchon-myeon and the downtown area. Based on the analysis, management strategies of ventilation paths in Gimhye were presented as follows. Jinyoung-eup and Jillye-myeon with hot spot areas and week wind areas have a strong possibility that hot spot areas will be extended and strengthened, because industrial areas are being built. Hence, climate-friendly urban and architectural plans considering ventilation paths is required in these areas. In Juchon-myeon, where industrial complexes and agricultural complexes are located, climate-friendly plans are also required because high-rise apartment complexes and an urban development zone are planned, which may induce worse thermal environment in the future. It is expected that a planning of securing and enlarging ventilation paths will be established for climate-friendly urban management. and further the results will be utilized in urban renewal and environmental planning as well as urban basic plans. In addition, we expect that the results can be applied as basic data for climate change adaptation plan and the evaluation system for climate-friendly urban development of Gimhye.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2005

Immature embryos of 3 cultivars (Du Me Chal, Mi Baek Chal, Heug Jeom Chal) and 5 genotypes (HW1, KL103, HW3, HW4, KW7) were cultured on medium containing MS salts, Eriksson's vitamins, 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 25 mM proline, 100 mg/L casamino acid, 3 mM MES, 1.7 mg/L $AgNO_3$ and 20 g/L sucrose (SIM). Frequency of somatic embryo formation on explant of immature embryos showed in HW1 (45.20%), KL103 (5.75%), HW3 (37.20%), HW4 (30.10%), KW70 (55.20%), Mi Baek Chal (18.74%), Heug Jeom Chal (22.41%), Du Me Chal (36.72%) and Hi II type (<10%), respectively. Yellowish friable embryogenic callus (YFEC) such as type II callus of Hi II genotype only produced from the HW3 and Heug Jeom Chal, whereas other cultivars and genotypes were directly formed somatic embryos with late-embryonic stages or expanded yellowish compact somatic embryo with morphological abnormality. The yellowish friable embryogenic callus (YFEC) could be proliferated on the same medium, which were maintained embryogenic capacity for 6 months over. Upon transfer to first regeneration and second regeneration medium, somatic embryos converted to plantlets at a frequency of approximately 100%. However, the expanded somatic embryos with abnormal morphology were slowly proliferated when subcultured on the same medium, and some of them were degenerated or converted to plantlets at a frequency of approximately 25%. Accordingly, The Heug Jeom Chal and HW3 genotype will be further used for development of high frequency transformation system in domestic maize germplasm.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.99-147
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• 2016

This paper critically reviews the previous discussion over public engagement with science and technology by Science and Technology Studies literatures with a focus on justification and acceptance. Recent studies pointed out that the "participatory turn" after the late 1990s was followed by confusion and disagreement over the meaning and agency of public engagement. Their discussion over the reproduction of the ever-present boundary between science and society along with so-called late modernity and post-normal science and sometimes through the very processes of public engagement draws fresh attention to the old problem: how can lay participation in decision-making be justified, even if we agree that privileging the position of experts in governance of science and technology is no longer justified? So far STS have focused on two conditions for participatory turn-1) uncertainties inherent in experts' ways of knowing and 2) practicability of lay knowledge. This paper first explicated why such discussion has not been logically sufficient nor successful in promoting a wide and well-thought-out acceptance of public engagement. Then the paper made a preliminary attempt to explain what new types of expertise can support the construction and sustainment of participatory governance in science and technology by focusing on one case of lay participation. The particular case discussed by the paper revolves around the actions of a civil organization and an activist who led legal and regulatory changes in wind power development in Jeju Special Self-governing Province. The paper analyzed the types of expertise constructed to be effective and legitimate during the constitution of participatory energy governance and the local society's support for it. The arguments of this paper can be summarized as follows. First, an appropriate basis of the normative claim that science and technology governance should make participatory turn cannot be drawn from the essential characteristics of lay publics-as little as of experts. Second, the type of 'expertise' which can justify participatory governance can only be constructed a posteriori as a result of the practices to re-construct the boundaries between factual statements and value judgment. Third, an intermediary expertise, which this paper defines as a type of expertise in forming human-nonhuman associations and their new pathways for circulations, made significant contribution in laying out the legal and regulatory foundation for revenue sharing in Jeju wind power development. Fourth, experts' conventional ways of knowing need to be supplemented, not supplanted, by lay expertise. Ultimately, the paper calls for the necessity to extend STS discussion over governance toward following the actors. What needs more thorough analysis is such actors' narratives and practices to re-construct the boundaries between the past and present, facts and values, science and society. STS needs a renewed focus on the actual sites of conflicts and decision-making in discussing participatory governance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.848-857
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• 2018

Recently, around the world, active development of new renewable energy sources including solar power, waves, and fuel cells, etc. has taken place. Particularly, floating offshore wind farms have been developed for saving costs through large scale production, using high-quality wind power and minimizing noise damage in the ocean area. The development of floating wind farms requires an evaluation of the Maritime Safety Audit Scheme under the Maritime Safety Act in Korea. Floating wind farms shall be assessed by applying the line and area concept for systematic development, management and utilization of specified sea water. The development of appropriate evaluation methods and standards is also required. In this study, proper standards for marine traffic surveys and assessments were established and a systemic treatment was studied for assessing marine spatial area. First, a marine traffic data collector using AIS or radar was designed to conduct marine traffic surveys. In addition, assessment methods were proposed such as historical tracks, traffic density and marine traffic pattern analysis applying the line and area concept. Marine traffic density can be evaluated by spatial and temporal means, with an adjusted grid-cell scale. Marine traffic pattern analysis was proposed for assessing ship movement patterns for transit or work in sea areas. Finally, conceptual design of a Marine Traffic and Safety Assessment Solution (MaTSAS) was competed that can be analyzed automatically to collect and assess the marine traffic data. It could be possible to minimize inaccurate estimation due to human errors such as data omission or misprints through automated and systematic collection, analysis and retrieval of marine traffic data. This study could provides reliable assessment results, reflecting the line and area concept, according to sea area usage.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Due to the negative impacts of microplastics (MPs) on the ecosystem, the investigation of its occurrence and its treatment from sewage and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have received a lot of attention in the recent years. Most MPs are precipitated and removed with the sludge during the treatment process. Proper sludge management is immensely necessary to avoid MP exposure in the environment. However, the domestic research on this aspect is limited. This study reviews appropriate sludge management approaches to decrease environmental MP exposure. This can be achieved through investigating sludge generation and treatment, regulation laws and government policy trends with an emphasis on WWTPs. The ratio of sludge in sewage treatment plants has been observed to be highest in recycling followed by incineration and landfills. Recycling is the highest in fuel followed by construction materials and composting. For WWTPs, the highest ratio is in recycling followed by fuel and landfills, and recycling is confirmed in the following order: incineration > after composting > after solidification > earthworm breeding. Treatment approaches that can increase the exposure of MPs to the ecosystem are considered to be used in landfills and agricultural fields. However, this method is not appropriate given the insufficient capacity of domestic landfills and the sufficient supply of existing chemical and animal manure fertilizers. Instead, it would be rational in terms of environmental preservation to expand the use of fuel and energy in connection with the new and renewable energy policy, and to actively seek the use of sub-materials for construction materials. In order to secure the basic data for the effectiveness of future planning and revision of related laws, it is required to perform an in-depth investigation of the sludge supply and demand status along with the environmental and economic effects.