• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.2 s.55
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• pp.125-139
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• 1996

The author obtained some useful information for the class III treatment from long term observation on the growing patients with class III malocclusion. 8 patients were selected for this study and presentation. From these observation so far my conclusions might be as follows: First in the early correction of the anterior crossbite, considerable forward growth changes were observed in the maxilla Second, as for the growth modification of jaws by orthopedic treatment only limited effects were recognized from the long-term observation Thrid, at early age of patients with anterior crossbite, any data couldn't make me predict the stability after treatment on the long-term basis. Fortunately, however, genial angle showed a marginal possibility of it prediction. Fourth, at an advanced age/ retraction orthopedic force on the mandible and the rapid change in the mandibular position may cause some trouble in the T.M.joint. Finally, the followings are recommendable. As for the anterior crossbite, correct it early as possible, and use orthopedic force under the age of ten. Do not enter the phase II treatment directly. Just wait and observe until the growth were almost completed, focusiong on some important factors such as airway problem, tongue position, and third molar development. Of course, these factors may have some effects on the mandibular growth. for the female, at the age of around 14 years old and the male, around 17 years old, make a final decision whether the patients will continue to be treated orthodontically or surgically Thereby, (I think) the relapse and retreatment problem after treatemnt we have observed so far might be minimized. Furthermore, the active treatment time may be also reduced.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2004

The prediction accuracy of prestress plays an important role in the quality of maintenance and the decision on rehabilitation of infrastructure such as prestressed concrete bridges. In this paper, the Bayesian statistical method that uses in-situ measurement data for reducing the uncertainties or updating long-term prediction of prestress is presented. For Bayesian analysis, prior probability distribution is developed to represent the uncertainties of creep and shrinkage of concrete and likelihood function is derived and used with data acquired in site. Posterior probability distribution is then obtained by combining prior distribution and likelihood function. The numerical results of this study indicate that more accurate long-term prediction of prestress forces due to creep and shrink age is possible.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.267-282
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• 2024

This study aims to develop a wireless communication system for long-term monitoring of high-level radioactive waste disposal facilities. Conventional wired sensors can lead to a deterioration in buffer quality and management difficulties due to the use of cables for power supply and data transmission. This study proposes the adoption of a wireless communication system and compares the received signal strengths within bentonite using modules such as WiFi, ZigBee, and LoRa. Increases in dry density of bentonite and distance between transceivers led to reduced received signal strength. Additionally, using the low-frequency band exhibited less signal attenuation. Based on these findings, a conceptual design for a wireless network-based THM integrated sensor system was proposed. Results of this study can be used as foundational data for long-term monitoring of disposal facility.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2022

우리 사회가 수자원 관리 정책 결정에 사용 가능한 수문 이상 기상 정보를 제공하기 위해서는 초고해상도 지표면 수문 모델 개발이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 저해상도 기후 모델들의 지표 수문학적인 과정들을 개선하기 위해 초고해상도 하도 추적 모델링 기술을 통해 역학적인 상세화가 시도되었다. 100-km 격자의 VIC 모델에서 재생산된 지표 배출량과 기저 배출량을 입력 데이터로 사용하여 다양한 공간 규모의 하도 추적 모델에서 사용하여 산정된 하천유량의 신뢰도를 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 90미터 (3 arc second), 450 미터(15 arc second), 그리고 900 미터 (30 arc second) 격자 규모의 금강 유역 하천망 지도를 사용하여 과거 장기 하천 유량 데이터(1948년-2016년)를 재생산하였다. 본 연구에서는 금강 유역 내의 지점 관측 하천 유량 데이터와 재생산된 유량 데이터의 불확실성을 평가하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 보다 고해상도의 하천망 지도를 하도 추적 모델에 사용 시 산정된 하천 유량 데이터의 불확실성이 감소하는 경향을 발견하였다. 끝으로, 초고해상도 지표 수문-하도 추적 모델을 통한 상세화 기술의 한계점과 개선 방안을 논의하였다. 본 연구는 기후변화로 인한 이상 기상 또는 기후의 위험성 증가에 효율적으로 선제 대응할 수 있는 핵심 수문 기후 모델링 기술을 개발에 중요한 기여할 것이다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.591-594
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• 2003

In the present study, we developed a filling material composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres with applications in the treatment of facial wrinkle and urinary incontinence and studied the feasibility of injecting the filling materials in animal models for plastic surgical and urological applications. Former filling materials including Teflon, Silicon, and collagen have shown a few shortcomings such as inflammation reaction, particles migration or volume decrease. We injected PLGA microspheres into the subcutaneous dorsum of mice. Injected volume was constantly maintained after implanting. We hardly found either inflammation reaction or migration. This material overcomes the problems of the current filling materials and could be utilized as a new filling material for plastic surgical and urological applications.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.223-224
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• 2010

As the demand on nuclear power is increasing, it is required to investigate for concrete durability in nuclear structure. However, the inspected datas for durability are insufficient in nuclear structure. The test specimens are prepared according to the mix design that has been used in the domestic nuclear structure. And, the characteristics of durability are investigated for the specimens. It will be needed to estimate the long-term durability.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.475-481
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• 2013

Although the lightly burnt MgO at $850{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$ has expansibility, it does not lead to unsound concrete. The expansion of MgO could compensate for shrinkage of concrete for a long-term, because the hydration of MgO occurs at a slow pace. Recently, the study and application of mineral admixture such as fly ash and blast furnace slag have increased for the hydration heat reduction, durability improvement, and reducing $CO_2$ emission in the construction industry. Thus, it is necessary to research on the concrete that contains both a mineral admixture and MgO as an expansion agent. This study investigates fundamental properties of fly ash concrete with lightly burnt MgO through various experiments. The adiabatic temperature test results showed that the fly ash concrete with MgO of the 5% replacement ratio had the slower pace of the temperature rise and the lower final temperature than the fly ash concrete. The influences of MgO on long-term compressive strength varied depending on water-binder ratio, and the long-term length change test results indicated the expansion effects of the FA concrete containing MgO.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.41-57
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• 2023

The drybulk shipping market has high freight rate volatility in the chartering market and various and complex factors affecting the market. In the unstable economic situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the BDI plunged due to a decrease in trade volume, but turned from the end of 2020 and maintained a booming period until the end of 2022. The main reason for the market change is the decrease in the available fleet that can actually be operated for cargo transport due to port congestion by the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of the fleet and trade volume volatility that have affected the drybulk shipping market in the past. A decrease in the actual usable fleet due to vessel waiting at port by congestion led to freight increase, and the freight increase in charting market led to an increase in second-hand ship and new-building ship price in long-term equilibrium relationship. In the past, the drybulk shipping market was determined by the volatility of fleet and trade volume. but, in the future, available fleet volume volatility by pandemics, environmental regulations and climate will be the important factors affecting BDI. To response to the IMO carbon emission reduction in 2023, it is expected that ship speed will be slowed down and more ships are expected to be needed to transport the same trade volume. This slowdown is expected to have an impact on drybulk shipping market, such as a increase in freight and second-hand ship and new-building ship price due to a decrease in available fleet volume.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.177-197
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• 1999

On regarding Problems on information security technology that have its rise in the Introduction of electronic money lately, security evaluation of the types of electronic money is important. Therefore in this paper I tried to analyse introduction viladity based on that,in korea. In perticular, there is a synthetical and systematical study on the security of eletronic money, on the viewpoint of choice combination of cryptography technology and the types of attacks on it. And in case of the electronic money that the criterion of efficiency and functionism is superior to that of security, I emphasize on the fact that it could be valid electronic money if it were supplemented by tamper resistance technology in middle-long term

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.1A
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• pp.85-93
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• 2009

The primary objective of this study is to construct more simple and reasonable rheological model and propose a methodology for predicting a phenomenon of concrete creep. Deformations of concrete under sustained stress can be expressed by the sum of immediately elastic deformation, time-dependent and time-independent short-term creep, and long-term creep according to the mechanism and time-dependency. To simulate these deformations, a rheological model having six parameters was constructed. In the composing of each parameter, the microprestress-solidification theory and design model code were incorporated together with the numerical approach for the components which can not be theoretically approached. Finally, actual test data were applied in the verification of the proposed model, and suitability of the model was confirmed by comparisons with existing predicting models and design codes.