• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.161-182
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• 2002

The self-employment can provide work time flexibility. Work time flexibility would be a critical factor for married females' labor supply considering allocation of their time to market work and household work. This study used the 1998 and 2000 Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey for the empirical analyses. Applying the bivariate probit model with partial observability, this study analyzed factors related to the choice of participation in labor market and choice of self-employment. Also, this study examined the effects of marriage and the presence of younger children on changes in decisions related to labor supply using the multinomial logit model: exit from the labor market, increasing and decreasing work hours. The presence of the younger children showed a significantly negative effect on the participation in labor market while positive, but insignificant, effect on self-employment. Compared with females working for others, self-employers without employees and unpaid family workers are less likely to exit labor market rather than increasing work hours. The self-employment would be a good alternative to evade females' career interruption and therefore to enhance the potential human resources.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1632-1640
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting smartphone addiction of university students and to provide the data for developing intervention program of smartphone addiction prevention. The data were collected from 354 university students and analyzed with t-test and multiple regression by using SPSS 18.0 program. The smartphone addiction rate was 27.4%, which the high risk group rate was 6.2% and potential risk group rate was 21.2%. The significant factors of smartphone addiction were gender(${\beta}=0.149$, p<.001), average daily using time in week(${\beta}=0.292$, p=.001), average daily using time in weekend(${\beta}=0.390$, p<.001), wrist pain in using smartphone(${\beta}=0.148$, p<.001), accident in using smartphone(${\beta}=0.133$, p=.002), sociality(${\beta}=-0.099$, p=.029), impulsiveness(${\beta}=0.211$, p<.001), SNS addiction(${\beta}=0.376$, p<.001). And these factors explained 43.3% of the variance in smartphone addiction. In conclusion, the results from this study indicated a need to develop the intervention program to prevent smartphone addiction considering these factors affecting smartphone addiction.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to quantify urinary and salivary bisphenol-A (BPA) concentrations according to sealant procedure among children. Nine students who had never treated with composite resin or sealant before, were recruited from one elementary school, Daegu, Korea from August 2013 to April 2014. Before sealant procedure, saliva and urine sample were collected. Immediately after sealant procedure saliva sample was collected and 24 hours after the procedure urine sample was collected. Creatinine was measured and adjusted to calculate urinary BPA concentration. Salivary and urinary BPA concentration after sealant procedure were $2.43{\pm}1.54{\mu}g/L$, $4.08{\pm}3.05{\mu}g/g{\cdot}$creatinine respectively, which were relatively higher than those before sealant procedure ($1.41{\pm}1.06{\mu}g/L$, $2.89{\pm}2.91{\mu}g/g{\cdot}$creatinine) but these were not statistically significant. We suggest that more large scale studies considering environmental confounders which have an effect on BPA are needed to establish the relationship between sealant exposure and BPA among children.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.448-456
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• 2020

This study found that it is critical to consider farmers' intention to adopt new technology in order to facilitate the spread of new technology. Based on this assumption, the research team analyzed the following: factors that influence intention of adoption and marginal effects on those factors. The data were collected from 99 farmers who did not participate in the pilot projects on dissemination of new technologies developed by the Rural Development Administration (RDA). A total of 19 observed variables were set to measure seven latent variables: educational support; technical support; funding support; compatibility; trialability; observability; and antipathy. The intention to adopt new technology was established as the dependent variable. According to the ordered logit analysis, educational support, observability, and antipathy were found to have significantly affected the intention to adopt new technology; their odds ratio were 6.938, 2.716, and 0.501, respectively. According to the marginal analysis, educational support, observability, and antipathy were found to have significantly affected the intention to adopt new technology; their marginal effects were 20.2 %, 10.4 %, and -7.2 %, respectively. Therefore, this study suggests the following to facilitate the spread of new technology: first, provide quality support services through effective deduction; second, increase the visibility of new technology; and third, enhance the credibility of agricultural institutions by developing continuous relations with farmers to reduce their antipathy.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 2017

In order to assess the potential environmental factors in the vicinity of a fish cage farm, we investigated the biotic and abiotic factors during a short-term period in summer 2016 in two inner stations of Tongyeong Obi. High water temperature on August 10^th was apparent among the full depth of up to 29℃, which might have been related to the abnormally high temperatures of large amounts of the Changjiang River discharge along the Tongyeong coast. The concentration of nitrate+nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate ranged from 0.08 to 5.11 μM, 0.08 to 34.62 μM, 0.01 to 1.15 μM, and 1.46 to 31.79 μM, respectively. The nutrients were mainly supplied by precipitation and leaching from the bottom sediments in the fish culture farm area. It was not retained for a long duration because of the phytoplankton consumption and diffusion by water currents. The chlorophyll a concentration varied from 0.49 ㎍ l^-1 to 7.39 ㎍ l^-1. At that time, Chaetoceros debilis, C. pseudocurvisetus, and Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima were rapidly proliferated and reached the level of 4.74 × 10⁹ cells l^-1. In particular, the lowest dissolved oxygen was recorded at 4.52 ㎍ l^-1 at the bottom layer after bloom. Therefore, even though phytoplankton blooms in summer have frequently occurred in a fish culture farm area, the oxygen-deficient environments were not found in neither the surface nor bottom layers, which implied that the water masses might be well exchanged from the mouth of the northwest and southeast between Obi and Mireuk Island in the study area.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-49
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among customer satisfaction, trust, and loyalty and examine the differences and similarities between specialized and general merchandise internet shopping malls concerning the relationships of these key success factors. The structural model is tested with each of the sub-samples(i.e., specialized and general merchandise shopping customers taken separately) and the data from entire data samples(i.e., specialized and general merchandise shopping customers pooled together). The same research model was used in analysing general merchandise, specialized, and integrated internet shopping mall to reveal and compare the casual path constructs. In the analysis of path coefficients composed of separated taken sample, all research hypothesis is accepted and the model's goodness of fit also shows all high. In the basis of the previous empirical test, multiple sample method was used. Properties of the causal paths, including standardized path coefficients, the significance of difference, latent correlations and variance explained for satisfaction, trust and loyalty in the hypothesized model, have similarities in general. This means that the proper structural management concerned with customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty is very crucial for the success of all kinds of internet shopping malls. Following the model test, I conduct a test of integrated model's path coefficients. Statistical results show that all the hypothesis concerned with internet shopping malls were accepted like the separated sample test. Click and mortar companies should clearly understand and articulate the key requirements of shopping mall satisfaction, trust and loyalty and encourage to establish linkage and interactive relationship among the research variables. In addition, internet marketers are required to customize the interaction considering and adapting the patterns of internet shopping malls. Other interesting results concerning the strategies in internet shopping malls strategy are also presented.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.545-554
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• 2024

Sustainable development is recognized as the direction humanity should pursue, and transportation policies also aim to achieve sustainability by efficiently utilizing limited resources. Among them, parking policy is an important task that requires strategic implementation for sustainable transportation development in many cities. Shared parking is actively being considered for the efficient utilization of existing transportation facilities. In this study, we analyzed major influencing factors using a structural equation model to promote shared parking and derived policy implications accordingly. The most influential latent variable on shared parking preference was donation experience, followed by satisfaction with public transportation and satisfaction with existing sharing policies. The preference for shared parking was found to have a virtuous cycle effect on social value as it influenced the spread of shared value. In the end, the implementation of the parking sharing policy will improve the visible traffic environment. However, it is evident that the impact of promoting invisible shared values is more significant. In other words, the main implication of this study is that to implement the parking sharing policy effectively, more emphasis should be placed on recognizing the shared value and promoting the awareness of sustainable development.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.99-145
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• 2003

Quasi-fiscal activities (QFAs) refer to those activities that public corporations carry out to achieve policy objectives of the government. QFAs often lead to the understatement of the government involvement in the economy and the overstatement of its financial balance, thereby lowering fiscal transparency and hiding fiscal risks. Central banks, as public corporations, perform various QFAs in many countries. I define QFAs in this case as those activities that are not directly related to the intrinsic function of central banks, whose responsibility lies in the administration of monetary policy and the provision of banking services for the government and commercial banks. In Korea, the Bank of Korea (BOK) has been an active source of QFAs. Of particular importance are the policy loans to commercial banks to promote their lending to small- and medium-sized enterprises and others. The outstanding stock of policy loans increased rapidly in the aftermath of the recent economic crisis, and stood at 7.6 trillion won (20 percent of the reserve money) at the end of 2002. Another important QFA by BOK stems from the transfer of part of its profits to the central government. The accumulated transfer during 1998-2002 amounted to 9.9 trillion won. My calculation shows that if these and other QFAs had been carried out by the government as explicit fiscal activities, the consolidated central government financial balance would have been below the actual balance by about 0.5 percent of GDP in each year since the economic crisis. It is suggested that the QFAs by BOK be reduced in coming years not only to enhance fiscal transparency but also to expand the flexibility of BOK's reserve management. Abolishing policy loans and minimizing transfers to the government would be the first step in this direction. BOK should also consider paying interest on the government deposit held in BOK.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.95-100
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• 2018

The Korea Convergence Society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and periodontal diseases in Korea adults. The date from the 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were used, and 4,328 subjects over 30 years were included in the analysis. Periodontal disease was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. The adjusted odds ratio of drinking experience, drinking frequency, the drinking amount and the drinking duration were calculated from the logistic regression model with the never-drinkers as a reference group and the logistic model controlled for age, gender, education, and diabetes. This study found that the risk of periodontal disease according to the drinking status of adults over 30 years of age was 1.39 times (95% CI=1.01-1.90) higher than that of non-drinking group when the number of drinks consumed at one time was more than seven glasses. The frequency of binge alcohol consumption, amount of alcohol consumption and duration of alcohol consumption were significantly associated with the risk of periodontal disease in a dose-response pattern among over 30 years. Alcohol consumption was discovered to be a potential risk indicator for periodontitis. Dental practitioners need to be aware that patients who drink may be at higher risk of periodontitis and could benefit from advice to quit drinking and maintain regular dental visits.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2014

Recently, much attention has been paid to nonlinear ultrasonic technology as a potential tool to assess hidden damages that cannot be detected by conventional ultrasonic testing. One nonlinear ultrasonic technique is measurement of the resonance frequency shift, which is based on the hysteresis of the material elasticity. Sophisticated measurement of resonance frequency is required, because the change in resonance frequency is usually quite small. In this investigation, the nonlinear electromagnetic acoustic resonance (NEMAR) method was employed. The NEMAR method uses noncontact electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) in order to minimize the effect of the transducer on the frequency response of the object. Aluminum plate specimens that underwent three point bending fatigue were tested with a shear wave EMAT. The hysteretic nonlinear parameter ${\alpha}$, a key indicator of damage, was calculated from the resonance frequency shift at several levels of input voltage. The hysteretic nonlinear parameter of a damaged sample was compared to that of an intact one, showing a difference in the values.