• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.11-17
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2022

The vegetation of historical sites has been a form of vegetation that has remained since some years ago, but in modern times, vegetation and terrain have been deformed or damaged due to urban development, which was followed by an industrialization. As a solution to this, it is necessary to establish a plan for restoration and management by referring to the vegetation and landscape remaining in the historic site as indicators. This study was conducted to provide basic data for vegetation and landscape management of Baekje Historic Sites in Seoul by comparing and analyzing location characteristics, existing vegetation, and remaining vegetation of past substitutional vegetation for Pungnaptoseong and Mongchontoseong, Baekje Historic Sites in Seoul. As a result of the study, Pungnaptoseong and Mongchontoseong are located near the main stream of the Han River, Pungnaptoseong is located on a flat land consisting of natural embankments and floodplains, and Mongchontoseong is located on a hilly area. In the case of existing vegetation, it has been confirmed that Pungnaptoseong mainly has ornamental trees planting sites, while Mongchontoseong has a distribution of residual species from the past that grow in villages and hilly lowlands. The Substitutional vegetation of Pungnaptoseong and Mongchontoseong was synthesized based on the location characteristics and actual vegetation, it is estimated that the hilly areas may have been divided into "Quercus aliena Blume.", "Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb." and so on, "Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc." on dry land,"Salix koreensis Andersson.", "Juglans mandshurica Maxim.", "Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud." in rivers and tributaries, "Quercus acutissima Carruth." in the main part of the forest, "Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc.", "Salix koreensis Andersson.", "Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino." as a divine tree in the beginning of the village. Since the 1960s, all substitutional vegetation in the past has disappeared due to the introduction of foreign species and the creation of urban areas in Pungnaptoseong and Mongchontoseong, and the landscape has also been damaged. Fortunately, the substitutional vegetation was estimated in consideration of the species of residual trees distributed along the walls, climate, location characteristics, and times, but this study was conducted based on literature and existing vegetation surveys. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the past target vegetation in Baekje historical sites in Seoul through quantitative experiments such as plant relic analysis in the future.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.5
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• pp.1-4
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• 2004

While excavating relics in Uksu-dong of Daegu and Oksan-dong of Gyeongsan, 38 units of the earthen kilns used during the Three Kingdom era were discovered. Nine pieces of charcoal were collected for examination from 8 kilns out of 38. The result identified 4 pinus densiflora, 3 Quercus sp. and 1 Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. The remaining 1 tree could not be identified because most of the remaining wood was mixed and tangled with clay.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate and compare species composition, stand structure, and growth pattern for two different sites in which silvopastoral system has been taking place. One site was the pasture area where a number of trees were removed and grasses were planted for cattle grazing, and the other site was the deciduous forest that has been established by ecological succession. The results were as follows: 1. Nine tree species were present equally in the pasture area and the deciduous forest. Of these species, seven tree species were growing in common for two sites. However, the species composition, including density and frequency, was varied by sites. 2. The number of stems per hectare in the pasture area was 71, and that in the deciduous forest was 1,433, having shown the big difference. It is estimated that, considering the growth rate, better grown trees were remained at the time of harvesting in 1996. 3. The growth of diameter, height, and basal area in the pasture area was superior to that in the nearby deciduous forest. In spite of higher values of diameter and height, the timber volume of pasture area per unit area was less than 15% of that in the deciduous forest. 4. Providing sufficient growing space, the pasture area supported higher values of diameter and height. The wider growing space also had influence on the expansion of crown of trees by the result of deliquescent growth pattern. From this point of view, more research would be needed to establish appropriate number of trees for silvopastoral system.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the growth and photosynthetic rate of ten-years old Pinus koraiensis and Pinus rigida in Banwol industrial region comparing with those of the control site in Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province. Surface soil of the damaged site in pH 4.2 was more acidic than control site in pH 4.8, assuming the accelerated soil deterioration by acid deposition. The shoot growth, needle survival rate and net photosynthetic rate of P. koraiensis and P. rigida at the damaged site were lower than at the control site. In addition, the quantum yield and chlorophyll a+b and b contents reduced in damaged treatment. These results suggest that an inhibition of photochemical reaction of P. koraiensis and P. rigida at the damaged site of Banwol industrial region could be attributed to combined influence of atmospheric pollution and soil acidification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.347-347
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• 1994

효소억제제와 투과촉진제를 첨가하지 않은 경우 비강, 직장 및 질점막을 통한 YAGH니 투과정도를 검토한 결과 donor측 잔존률이 경시적으로 급격히 감소하여 24시간후각각 7.04, 4.21 및 51.34％ 잔존하였다. 또한 receptor측으로의 투과량는 비강점막의 경우 8시간대에 3.9%의 투과율을 기점으로 다시 분해되었으며 직장 점막에서는 최대 0.72% 로 거의 검출되지 않았다. 질점막의 경우에는 24시간대에 1.8％의 투과에 머물렀다. 한편 혼합효소억제제로 TM가 EDTA를 양측 셀에 첨가한 조건에서는 첨가되지 않은 경우와 비교하여 donor측에서의 YAGFM이 서서히 감소됨과 동시에 receptor cell로의 투과량이 다소증대되었다. 더욱 양측 셀에 혼합효소억제제를 넣고 donor cell에 투과촉진제를 첨가한 경우 점막투과성을 현저히 증대시켰으며 LPC를 사용한 경우 효소억제제만을 사용한 경우와 비교하여 비강에서 3.6배, 직장에서 3.2배 및 4.1배 투과 flux를 증가시켰다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.6 s.65
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• pp.943-954
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• 1997

Forces needed for orthodontic tooth movement are obtained from various appliances such as orthodontic wires or elastic rubber. Orthodontic elastic rubber is widely used clinically, but permanent deformation and force decay may occur from the environmental changes, time of clinical use and the extent of the stretch, making the Prediction of force being applied difficult. The Present study examined and compared the changes in residual force between three brands of elastomeric chains (Ormco Generation II Power Chains ; brand A, RMO : Energy-Chain ; brand B, Unitek : AlastiK ; brand C) under various environmental conditions, amount of initial force, types of elastomer and the rate of extension. The characteristic physical properies of the elastomeric chains were as follows. 1. In all three brands, the residual force ratio was largest when the chains were stored in air, with no difference between water and saliva. 2. In all three brands, after 24 hours, there was no statistical difference in residual force ratio according to the initial force level. 3. In Brand A and B, the presence of filament had no correlation with the residual force ratio. In Brand C force decay was more severe when the chain contained filament. 4. In each brand, rate of extension had no effect on residual force ratio. 5. Brand B showed relatively higher residual force ratio compared to other brands.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.333-343
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• 2011

The yellow poplar is an appropriate species for the age of low carbon green growth, because its absorption rates of ozone is greatly excellent, and also the absorption rates of carbon dioxide causing climate changes is very remarkable. The yellow poplar, which is a kind of rapid growth tree, shows a lack of performance as a structural member, however, it is suitable to use a variety of purposes like furniture materials, interior materials, plywood materials, and so on. In this study, the structural size skin-timbers were made by using the yellow poplar, and the compressive capacity was evaluated, also the numerical model was developed for the various uses. The rectangular shape skin-timber presented a good performance by showing 56.3% residual strength about the solid material. In case of the cylinder shape skin-timber showed a possibility to use diversely as a furniture material, as well as a structural uses, because almost 50% compressive capacity of material even though its residual area rates was 25%. Both rectangular shape and the cylinder shape represented that 'Brooming or end rolling' were the major failure mode, and partly splitting failure mode. The compressive capacity of the rectangular shape which residual area rates was large was higher than the cylinder shape, but it did not show statistical significance about the compressive capacity between them. Thus, it will be possible to use them mixed for a convenience of users. The result of the numerical analysis model was quite similar to actual test of the compressive capacity. Therefore, the yellow poplar can be utilized in the development of various uses by applying numerical analysis model about a variety of shapes and dimensions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.178-178
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• 1993

생리활성 펩타이드류의 경점막 수송을 검토하기 위하여 토끼의 비강, 직장, 질 또는 눈 점막 구출액에서의 메치오닌엔케팔린 (Met-Enk) 및 그 합성 유사체인 [D-알라$^2$]-메치오닌엔케팔린아미드 (YAGFM)의 효소적 분해를 억제하고자 수종 효소억제제를 검토하였다. 방법: 토끼의 질, 직장 및 비강 점막을 차례로 적출하여 신속히 Valia-Chien투과셀에 마운팅하고, 눈의 각막은 절취하여 따로 각막 투과셀에 마운팅한 다음 등장 인산염 완충액 3.5ml씩으로 8시간씩 3회 추출하여 점막측 및 장막측 추출액을 제조하였다. 추출 완료 직후 이들 추출액에 Met-Enk 또는 YAGFM 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml의 농도로 첨가하고 여러 효소억제제를 단독 또는 혼합하여 첨가한 조건에서 37$^{\circ}C$에서 60 rpm으로 24시간 동안 흔들면서 경시적으로 시료를 취하여 잔존 펩타이드의 양을 HPLC법으로 정량하여 속도론적으로 비교 검토하였다. 이 연구에 사용한 효소억제제로는 아미노펩티다제의 억제제인 amastatin (AM), bestatin (BS). 엔케팔리나제 A의 억제제로 알려진 thiophan (TP), 엔케팔리나제 B의 억제작용이 있는 것으로 밝혀진 thimerosal (TM), metalloenzyme의 억제제인 에데트산나트륨 (EDTA) 등을 검토하였고 또 $\beta$-시클로덱스트린 유도체인 디메칠-$\beta$-시클로덱스트린과 2-히드록시프로필-$\beta$-시클로덱스트린이 펩타이드의 분해억제효과도 함께 검토하였다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.28-28
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• 2019

본 연구는 멸종위기 아고산수종 구상나무 잔존집단 복원을 위해서 묘목처리 및 입지환경이 구상나무묘목 초기생장에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 연구대상지는 경상남도 금원산으로 해발 1,300 m 이상 능선부(1입지)와 구상나무 잔존집단(2입지)을 선정하였다. 식재한 구상나무 실생묘는 지리산 5개 개체에서 종자를 채취하여 2014년도 파종한 1~5묘 1,350본을 이용하였다. 2019년 5월 연구대상지의 조릿대를 제거 후 무처리, 분해포트, 균근균 접종 실생묘를 9개 구역으로 나누어 3반복씩 입지별 0.15 ha, 4,500 본/ha 밀도로 식재하였다. 식재 후 2019년 5월부터 8월까지 입지별 기상데이터를 수집하였고 묘목의 생존율, 수고, 1년지 생장량 및 근원경을 측정하였다. 환경분석 결과 1입지(88.2%, $42.8umole{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)가 2입지(84.5%, $29.4umole{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)에 비해 대기습도와 광량이 높게 나타났다. 구상나무 실생묘의 생존율은 모든 입지에서 100%로 나타났다. 입지별 생장특성 분석 결과 1입지가 수고 17.3 cm, 1년지 생장 4.72 cm 및 근원경 6.20 mm로 2입지(19.0 cm, 3.88 cm, 5.31 mm)에 비해 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 묘목 처리에 따른 분석 결과 무처리와 분해포트 묘목이 모든 입지에서 초기 생장이 양호하였고 균근균 접종 처리는 초기에는 비교적 낮은 생장특성이 나타났다. 결과적으로 대기습도와 광량이 높은 환경 조건이 구상나무 묘목의 초기 생장에 긍정적인 영향을 주었으며 묘목 처리에 따른 생장특성은 지속적인 모니터링이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.