• Title/Summary/Keyword: 작업 기억

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The Influence of Learner Factors on Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning: Negative Emotion and Working Memory (외국어 어휘 학습에서 학습자 요인의 영향: 부적 정서와 작업기억)

  • Min, Sungki;Lee, Yoonhyoung
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.545-555
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    • 2015
  • We investigated the influence of negative emotion such as state-trait anxiety and depression and working memory (WM) on Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning (FLVL) of South Korean university students. Also, its implications for developing contents for FLVL were discerned. To do so, state-trait anxiety and depression inventories as well as four kinds of WM test were performed for 132 undergraduate students. Participants also had two semantic learning sessions for Swahili words. The mean scores of negative emotions were normal level. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that there was no effect of negative emotion on FLVL, while direct effects of the negative emotion on WM and the WM on FLVL were significant. Such results suggested that FLVL would be weakened, with the result that WM had been impaired by negative emotions. These outcomes suggested that when developing FLVL content for university students, it is necessary to consider the negative emotions of foreign language learners and to develop the contents for FLVL in the light of WM load.

Analysis of working memory related with reading (읽기 관련 작업기억 분석)

  • Lee, Han-Kyu
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.193-215
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the working memory that is related with reading. For this purpose, the third and fourth grade children with reading difficulty were compared with normal children. The gender comparison and the correlations among the three components of working memory were also examined. The results indicated that the reading difficulty group were outperformed by the normal group in every test. Gender difference was found only in visuospatial capacity. There was an interaction between reading and gender in the memory of dynamic mazes. In the whole group, every correlation among all components was significant. When the correlations were examined separately in each group, however, only one correlation was significant in both groups. When the influence of the central executive was controlled, the interrelationship between phonological working memory and visuospatial working memory was mitigated. This study suggests that when teaching children with reading difficulty instructional material should be succinct and visuospatial information needs to be used for boys if possible.

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Differences in Verbal Fluencies and Discourse Comprehension Abilities associated with Working Memory in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia (알츠하이머와 혈관성 치매 환자 선별에서의 작업기억 능력 관련 구어유창성 및 이야기이해 능력의 차이)

  • Yeo, Hangyeol;Kim, Choong-Myung
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.11 no.12
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    • pp.383-390
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    • 2020
  • The present study was conducted to examine the differences and correlations between verbal fluency and story comprehension according to the working memory(WM) capacity, and to find out what WM factors influence the linguistic competence in Alzheimer's disease(AD) and vascular dementia(VaD) groups each consisting of 15 patients. The results of their performance produced firstly significant differences in phonemic fluency, story comprehension, delayed recall and recognition task between the two groups. Further analysis shows that VaD group had significant correlations between the scores of story comprehension and the recognition test scores additionally. These findings suggest that it is possible to differentiate the two groups even by story comprehension tasks and WM. In conclusion, the clinical application of the results is likely to contribute to appropriate treatment plans and effective interventions for elderly with AD and VaD as well as to improve the classification criteria for both types of dementia.

The role of hipocampus and posterior pariental cortex in acquisition of spatial learnig (공간기억의 습득에 있어서 해마와 두정엽후위의 역할)

  • Shim, Beom;Leem, Joong-Woo;Nam, Taick-Sang;Paik, Kwang-Se;Lee, Bae-Hwan;Park, Yong-Gou
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 1999
  • It is widely known that the hippocampus plays an important role in spatial memory. Recent studies have suggested that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is involved in spatial memory. However it is unclear whether the PPC is involved in w working memory or reference memory of spatial learning. The purpose of the present study was to determine contribution of the hippocampus and the PPC to spatial working memory and acquisition of reference memory. Using an eight-arm radial maze in which e each arm was baited. working memory was tested by measuring rat's ability to remember arms they had visited. Reference memory was tested by measuring rat's ability to avoid visiting four consistently unbaited arms. Effects of hippocampal or PPC lesion on working memory or acquisition of reference memory in radial-arm maze learning were investigated Working memory was impaired by hippocampal lesion whereas not affected by PPC lesion. Acquisition of reference memory was impaired by lesion in either site. The results suggest that the hippocampus plays an important role in the spatial working memory while both the hippocampus and the PPC contribute to the acquisition of spatial reference memory.

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Comparisons between envy and admiration in motivational and attentional benefits: Emotion regulation of working memory capacity (질투와 존경의 이득 비교: 작업기억용량의 정서조절효과)

  • Hong Im Shin;Juyoung Kim
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.41-64
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    • 2016
  • In two experiments, we compared envy with admiration in attentional and motivational benefits. In addition, we tested whether individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) have consequences for emotion regulation. In Study 1, following WMC tasks, the participants were primed either with envy or with admiration through a recall task, in which they had to recall their own experiences about envy or admiration. The participants in the envy condition considered it more undeserved that another person had an advantage over them, than in the admiration condition. Additionally, in the envy condition, WMC was related to happiness, and anxiety was related to the motivation to study more. In contrast, there were no significant relationships between WMC, emotion and study hours in the admiration condition. Study 2 (N=43) found greater memory for the envy scenario in the envy condition than in the admiration and in the control condition. Additionally, there were significant relationships between WMC, anxiety and recall accuracy in the envy condition. However, these relations were not found in the admiration and in the control condition. Findings implicate that envy may play an important role in memory systems and that WMC is related to emotion regulation abilities.

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Effects of Text Types and Working Memory on Text Comprehension in Reading Normal and Reading Deficient Children (텍스트 유형과 작업기억이 읽기 정상 아동과 읽기 지진 아동의 텍스트 이해에 미치는 영향)

  • Do, Kyung-Soo;Lee, Eun-Ju
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.191-206
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    • 2006
  • Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of verbal working memory and the spatial working memory on children's text comprehension. The reading span and the operation span of the reading deficient children were smaller than that of the reading normal children, but the two groups did not differ in the visual span. Reading deficient children got lower score in the comprehension tests than reading normal children, and the difference was larger for the expository text than the narrative text. The involvement of visual working memory in reading narrative texts were more directly tested in Experiment 2 by asking the children do a secondary memory task before they answered the comprehension test. Reading normal children suffered more under auditory secondary memory condition for both narrative and expository texts, whereas reading deficient children suffered under visual secondary memory condition for narrative texts as well. The results of the two experiments suggested that the spatial working memory can be involved in text comprehension process, especially with reading deficient children.

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Individual Differences in Working Memory: Inhibition of Irrelevant Information (작업기억의 개인차: 무관련 정보 억제의 차이)

  • Yoo, Hyun-Joo;Lee, Jung-Mo;Kim, Mi-Ra
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.207-229
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    • 2006
  • Two experiments examined the relation of working memory capacity and the inhibition mechanism in working memory. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the high WM span group inhibited irrelevant information selectively and the low WM span group maintained both relevant and irrelevant information within WM. Experiment 2 showed that there were similar patterns of response time between high and low WM span groups in the lexical decision task. These results suggest that the ability to maintain relevant information and inhibit irrelevant information selectively in WM is an important factor of individual differences in working memory.

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Effects of Working Memory Load on Negative Facial Emotion Processing: an ERP study (작업기억 부담이 부적 얼굴정서 처리에 미치는 영향: ERP 연구)

  • Park, Taejin;Kim, Junghee
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.39-59
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    • 2018
  • To elucidate the effect of working memory (WM) load on negative facial emotion processing, we examined ERP components (P1 and N170) elicited by fearful and neutral expressions each of which was presented during 0-back (low-WM load) or 2-back (high-WM load) tasks. During N-back tasks, visual objects were presented one by one as targets and each of facial expressions was presented as a passively observed stimulus during intervals between targets. Behavioral results showed more accurate and fast responses at low-WM load condition compared to high-WM load condition. Analysis of mean amplitudes of P1 on the occipital region showed significant WM load effect (high-WM load > low-WM load) but showed nonsignificant facial emotion effect. Analysis of mean amplitudes of N170 on the posterior occipito-temporal region showed significant overall facial emotion effect (fearful > neutral), but, in detail, significant facial emotion effect was observed only at low-WM load condition on the left hemisphere, but was observed at high-WM load condition as well as low-WM load condition on the right hemisphere. To summarize, facial emotion effect observed by N170 amplitudes was modulated by WM load only on the left hemisphere. These results show that early emotional processing of negative facial expression could be eliminated or reduced by high load of WM on the left hemisphere, but could not be eliminated by high load on the right hemisphere, and suggest right hemispheric lateralization of negative facial emotion processing.

A Relationship Between Korean EFL Learners' Working Memory Capacity, English Vocabulary Size, and Listening Competence (한국인 영어 학습자의 작업 기억 용량과 영어 어휘 수준 및 듣기 능력 관계 연구)

  • Yi, Koeon;Choi, Sunhee
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.12 no.12
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    • pp.365-370
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    • 2021
  • The current study aims to investigate the relationship between working memory capacity, vocabulary size, and listening competence of Korean EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners. 30 English education majors from a university in Korea were recruited. The backward digit span and the operation span tasks were used to measure the participants' working memory capacity, while the Listening Vocabulary Level Test (LVLT) and the Michigan English Test (MET) were employed to measure their vocabulary size and listening proficiency in English, respectively. The correlational analyses revealed that the bigger one's working memory storage was, the better the person processed incoming input. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between working memory capacity, English vocabulary size, and listening proficiency, possibly due to the small sample size and the homogeneous subjects.