• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1482-1491
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety accidents and physical fatigues of school foodservice employees. Out of 300 questionnaires distributed from December 1~20, 2011, 276 responded. After excluding 54 incomplete questionnaires, 222 (usage rate: 74%) were examined in the final analysis. First, our results showed that in terms of safety accidents, most received bruises (92.8%), followed by burns (73.0%), cuts and lacerated wounds (69.4%), sprains (47.7%), falls (42.8%), fractures/dislocations (31.5%) and electric shock (2.7%). Second, we found that the average degree of physical fatigue of school foodservice employees was 3.65 based on the 5-point Likert scale. Specifically, pain in the arms and wrist was rated the highest, at 4.18. Third, results showed that the factors affecting physical fatigue were 'class of school' (P<0.05), 'frequency of meal serving per day' (P<0.05), 'no. of meals served per day' (P<0.001), 'no. of meals per employee' (P<0.05) and 'warm-up exercise before starting work' (P<0.05). This means that foodservice employees serving middle schools, serving meals three times per day, serving more than 1,000 meals per day, and serving more than 111 meals per employee perceive higher levels of physical fatigue. In addition, the physical fatigue of those who perform warm-up exercises before starting work was significantly lower than those who do not perform warm-up exercises before work (P<0.05). In conclusion, the frequently occurring major safety accidents of school foodservice employees were bruises and burns. An increase in workload also leads to the increasing physical fatigue of school foodservice employees. Thus, to lower the physical fatigue of school foodservice employees, school foodservice employees should be encouraged to perform warm-up exercises before staring work and new staffing guidelines for school foodservice employees should be developed.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2015

Objective : This study is aimed to examine the degree of independence in stroke patients residing in a community based on their self-efficacy and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and also correlation between community-residing stroke patients and their guardians by figuring out the life quality of their guardians. Methods : For total two weeks between May 12th and 23rd, 2014, this researcher collected data by using a survey (K-IADL, a scale to measure self-efficacy, WHOQOL-BREF) targeting 138 stroke patients who received over 24 points in MMSE-K among the outpatients of three hospitals located in Busan Metropolitan City and two hospitals located in Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, and total 125 sheets were finally used for analysis. Results : Among the 125 patients, 70 were males, and 55 were females, and their average age was 58.72 (16 to 82). The subjects' general self-efficacy (p<0.01) and detailed self-efficacy (p<0.01) indicated significant correlation with their guardian's life quality, and there was no significant correlation found between their Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and their guardian's life quality. Conclusion : Their general self-efficacy and detailed self-efficacy indicated correlation with their guardian's life quality, and among their general characteristics, the factor of their financial situation indicated correlation with their guardian's life quality. In conclusion, when stroke patients' self-efficacy is higher, their guardian's life quality increases, too, and if their financial situation is more favorable, their guardian's life quality gets higher. However, stroke patients' Instrumental Activities of Daily Living did not indicate correlation with their guardian's life quality. When looking at the chronic trend of outpatients, therapeutical plan must be established about the self-efficient recovery for the development of those who are not satisfied.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.789-799
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• 2018

This article presents machine learning based approach on Big data to analyzing time series data for anomaly detection in such industrial complex system. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network have been demonstrated to be improved version of RNN and have become a useful aid for many tasks. This LSTM based model learn the higher level temporal features as well as temporal pattern, then such predictor is used to prediction stage to estimate future data. The prediction error is the difference between predicted output made by predictor and actual in-coming values. An error-distribution estimation model is built using a Gaussian distribution to calculate the anomaly in the score of the observation. In this manner, we move from the concept of a single anomaly to the idea of the collective anomaly. This work can assist the monitoring and management of Smart Factory in minimizing failure and improving manufacturing quality.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2015

An electric excavator consumes battery energy to drive an electric motor attached to a hydraulic pump to generate hydraulic power. In a conventional hydraulic excavator, the hydraulic pump is controlled by regulators, which are used to optimize the diesel engine efficiency. Because of a lack of battery energy capacity, an electric excavator controller should consider not only the electric motor efficiency but also the hydraulic pump efficiency. Thus, electric motor and hydraulic pump efficiency maps were constructed. An optimal operating map (OOM) was created based on the most efficient operating points under each input condition. An integrated control algorithm controlled the speed of the electric motor and displacement of the hydraulic pump according to the OOM. To confirm the utility of this algorithm, a model-in-the-loop simulator for the algorithm with an electric excavator was established. The simulation results showed that the integrated control algorithm improved the energy efficiency of an electric excavator.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.7 s.349
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• pp.84-92
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• 2006

To defeat abnormal traffic driven by DoS (Denial-of-Service) or DDoS (Distributed DoS), there has been a variety of researches or studies in a few decades. In this paper, we present the results of theoretical performance analysis between attack prevention schemes and attack mitigation schemes. The former is a scheme that prevents abnormal incoming traffic from forwarding into a specific network based on filtering rules, and the latter is a scheme that makes some perimeter or intermediate routers, which exist on the traffic forwarding path, prevent abnormal traffic based on their own abnormal traffic information, or that mitigates abnormal traffic by using quality-of-service mechanisms at the gateway of the target network. The aspects of theoretical performance analysis are defined as the transit rates of either normal traffic or false-positive traffic after an attack detection routine processes its job, and we also present the concrete network bandwidth rates to control incoming traffic.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to identify trends in the application of artificial intelligence by analyzing upper extremity movement assessment and artificial intelligence convergence research using a systematic literature review method. The research was conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Among the 380 articles searched in three databases, 8 articles were finally selected according to the selection and exclusion criteria. For the evaluation of upper extremity movement, motion performance evaluation, FMA, and ARAT were used. For quantification, data were extracted using various tools, and upper extremity movement classification, recovery prognosis prediction, and evaluation tool score were predicted using artificial intelligence. This study is meaningful in that it systematically reviewed studies that objectively evaluated upper extremity movement using artificial intelligence and identified the direction in which artificial intelligence is being applied. Based on this, the introduction of artificial intelligence technology in the assessment of upper extremity movements is expected to help objectively identify the intervention effect and the patient's recovery.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

Objective : This systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in patients with stroke Methods : PubMed and NDSL databases were employed to review literature published between January 2009 and December 2018. The main search terms were "Transcranial direct current stimulation" or "tDCS," "Constraint-induced movement therapy" or "CIMT," "Upper extremity function," "Upper limb," and "Stroke." Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6 articles were selected. Furthermore, intervention effects on upper extremity function, activities of daily living, and cortical activity were assessed. Results : The current intensity, application time, and protocol of the CIMT varied the between studies. However, the intervention procedures to perform CIMT immediately after transcranial direct current stimulation was the same. Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with CIMT was effective in improving upper limb function and activities of daily living in patients with stoke and had a significant effect on cerebral cortex activation. Conclusions : This study provides information on transcranial direct current stimulation combined with CIMT for use by clinical therapists. Further studies are needed to standardize the stimulation time, current intensity, and electrode attachment position. Furthermore, randomized controlled trials, including long-term follow up, are needed for larger populations using the most appropriate CIMT protocol.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

Designers often hesitate to decide the shape, size, and layout of a product. Though ergonomic principles and data are absolutely needed in this process, they don have enough guidelines to refer. For the refrigerator designers, they also are not convinced of their decision: the vertical position of the freezing and refrigerating rooms, the height of shelves, the shape of door-handle, etc. To support the refrigerator design, we applied several ergonomic methods to the evaluation of refrigerator. EMG was measured to evaluate the load of users lumbar muscle. Based upon the experimental EMG data, we developed a model to estimate the relative load corresponding to the height of refrigerator shelves. Two different layouts of a refrigerator, R/F and F/R styles, were compared with the model. A three-dimensional motion analysis method was used to evaluate the users motion of using a refrigerator. Ten door-handles with the different shapes and positions were evaluated by tracking the rotations of the users arm. Video protocol analysis was used to evaluate the user interface of a control panel in a refrigerator. Finally, we suggested several ergonomic design guidelines based on the facts found in this research and the anthropometric data of the Korean adults. The results of this study can be applied to the ergonomic design of refrigerators

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 행성 근접통과(Gravity Assist, Swingby, Flyby)를 이용한 행성간 탐사선의 궤도를 설계할 수 있는 알고리즘 개발을 자체적으로 수행하였다. 미 항공우주국(NASA)에서는 이를 이용한 행성간 탐사선의 궤도에 관한 연구를 이미 1950년대부터 시작하여 왔으며, 1973년 Mariner 10호가 한번에 두 행성, 금성과 수성을 탐사하는데 성공하였다. 행성간 임무에 있어서 행성 근접통과를 적절하게 이용한다면 임무 수행시 요구되는 에너지를 최소화 시킬 수 있어 발사비용의 절감효과와 함께 한번의 발사로 여러 행성의 탐사가 가능하여 임무의 효율성을 증대 시킬 수 있다. 행성 근접통과를 이용한 행성 탐사선의 궤도설계를 위해서는 근접 통과하는 행성(Flyby planet)에서의 진입속도벡터( $V_{\infty}$$^{ -}$) 및 출발속도벡터( $V_{\infty}$$^{+}$)의 크기, 근접 통과시의 비행 고도(Flyby altitude), 근접 통과 행성과의 충돌여부 분석(B-plane analysis), 최종적으로 도착하고자 하는 행성(Target planet)의 위치 등 많은 제한조건이 고려되어야 한다. 연구된 알고리즘의 결과를 미 항공우주국 (NASA)의 임무였던 Mariner 10호의 결과와 비교하여 보았으며, 우리나라가 향후 목성으로 탐사선을 보낸다고 가정하였을 경우, 행성 근접통과를 이용한 탐사선의 발사시기(Launch Window), 요구되는 발사 에너지(C3)값, 그리고 각각에 따른 궤적들을 산출하여 보았다. 이미 기술 개발을 완료한 국가들이 관련 기술의 제휴를 기피하고 있는 현 상황에서 이와 관련된 연구는 우주개발의 시대를 열고 있는 우리나라의 우주개발관련 기초 기술 분야를 위해 선행 연구되어야 할 부분이다. 기초 기술 분야를 위해 선행 연구되어야 할 부분이다.다.향을 해석하고 시뮬레이션 하였다.Device Controller)는 ECU로부터 명령어를 받아서 arm 및 safe 상태에 대한 텔리 메트리 데이터를 제공한다 그리고, SAR(Solar Array Regulator)는 ECU로부터 Bypass Relay 및 ARM Relay에 관한 명령어를 받아 수행되며 그에 따른 텔리 메트리 데이터를 제공한다. 마지막으로 EPS 소프트웨어를 검증하는 EPS Software Verification을 수행하였다 전력계 소프트웨어의 설계의 검증 부분은 현재 설계 제작된 전력계 .소프트웨어의 동작 특성 이 위성 의 전체 운용개념과 연계하여 전력계 소프트웨어가 전력계 및 위성체의 요구조건을 만족시키는지를 확인하는데 있다. 전력계 운용 소프트웨어는 배터리의 충ㆍ방전을 효율적으로 관리해 3년의 임무 기간동안 위성체에 전력을 공급할 수 있도록 설계되어 있다this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을 고려한 GMMAL 작업순서문제를 해결하기 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.로 이루어 져야 할 것이다.태를 보다 효율적으로 증진시킬 수 있는 대안이 마련되어져야 한다고 사료된다.$\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 범위를 벗어나지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에도 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$과 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$의 성격과 형태를 외형상으로 더욱이 공간상에서는 뚜렷하

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.209-219
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• 2019

Objectives: This study investigated musculoskeletal symptoms in upper limbs according to the working environment (job stress) of dental hygienists and examine their relationship with upper limb functions. Methods: The subjects include 198 dental hygienists in dental hospitals and dental clinics in Pusan and Gyeongnam. The questionnaire was consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, job stress, musculoskeletal symptoms in upper limbs and function (Disability Measurement Tool for Upper Extremity Disorders-11, DASH-11). Results: The study was analyzed their musculoskeletal symptoms in upper limbs according to their general characteristics and found that the symptoms occurred in the neck (39.4%), the shoulders (54.6%), elbows (14.7%), and the hands (50.0%). Job stress was associated with upper limb functions (DASH-11) (model 3, B=5.210, p=0.012) and repeated elbow bending and spreading posture was associated with DASH-11 (model 3, B=6.561, p=0.029). Elbow symptoms were associated with DASH-11 in the upper limbs (B=10.679, p=0.003). Conclusion: Dental hygienists are experiencing limitations of upper limb function due to job stress. In particular, even if the correction of their uncomfortable posture is significantly related to the job stress and upper limb function, in order to improve the upper limb function of the dental hygienist, efforts to reduce the job stress as well as the uncomfortable posture are necessary.