• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2010

TPR(Total Physical Response) is a new representative learning method for children's education. Today's approach to TPR has focused on signals from a user which becomes input data in a human-computer interaction, but the accuracy of sensing from body signals(e. g. motion and voice) isn't so perfect that it seems difficult to apply on an education system. To overcome these limits, we suggest a mediating interface device which can detect the user's motion using correct numerical values such as acceleration and angular speed. In addition, we suggest new design requirements for the mediating device through analyzing children's behavior as human factors by ethnography research and protocol analysis. As a result, we found that; children are unskilled in physical control when they use objects; tend to lean on an object unconsciously with touch. Also their behaviors are restricted, when they use objects. Therefore a mediating device should satisfy new design requirements which are make up for unskilled handling, support familiar and natural physical activity.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.613-621
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• 2012

Steel corrosion is one of the most critical deteriorations in concrete structures due to the problems associated with both durability and structural safety issues. For protection of steel against corrosion problems, researches to improve concrete durability and steel corrosion protection such as rebar coating by hot-dip galvanizing steel have been carried out. This study was performed to quantitatively evaluate anti-corrosion and structural performance of concrete structures reinforced with hot-dip galvanizing steel rebar. Preliminary tests for several metal coatings such as zinc, aluminum, and their alloy (Zn 45% + AL 55%) were performed. After evaluation of corrosive characteristics, Zn was selected for the coating material and the corrosion behaviors in Zn-coated steel were evaluated in various conditions. Furthermore, tensile and adhesive strengths were evaluated for the normal and the hot-dip galvanized steel. The crack patterns and structural behaviors of RC specimens with the normal and coated steel were investigated. Also, corrosion characteristics including corrosion in various coating metal and potential change in metal with notch were evaluated. Structural performances of tensile and adhesive strengths as well as RC beam behavior under flexural/shear loading were evaluated. The test and evaluation results showed that the applicability of hot-dip galvanized steel rebar can be used as corrosion resistant reinforcements for RC structures.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2009

A nutrient-concentrating system was operated to retrieve total phosphorus efficiently from a non-point pollution source. Attached bacteria were expected to play an important role in the system. Phosphorous was concentrated by formation of bacterial biofilms on rubberized coconut fiber media of the system. While concentration of total phosphorus (TP) ranged merely 0.12~0.35 mg/L in the stream water, TP levels in pore water and the media were 0.45~0.86 mg/L and 40.91~242.71 mg/kg, respectively. Total bacterial number (TBN) ranged $0.3\sim2.3\times10^6$ cells/ml in stream water, $0.4\sim4.4\times10^6$ cells/ml in pore water and $0.8\sim1.9\times10^9$ cells/g in media. There was a close correlation between TP and TBN. Based on band profiles in DGGE analyses, bacterial communities in the media were different from that in the stream water. Clostridium spp. were abundant in the stream water while Aquabacterium spp. were dominant species in early stages of biofilm formation in the media. The genera predominant in matured biofilms of the media were Clostridium and Enterococcus.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

To arrange effectively artificial reefs for marine afforestation, tidal currents were analyzed by numerical experiments, and particle tracking based upon tidal currents were carried out to clarify the path of algae spore. The experiments were carried out by EFDC (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code), and water column was vertically divided 10 layers. Tidal current patterns showed to be affected by main current at outside of study area, and circle currents of two were observed from analysis of residual currents. Particle tracking were experimented for 15 days at 2 installation places in which artificial reefs for marine afforestation would be deployed. According to the results of particle tracking experiment, particle movement at St.1 showed belt type along coastal line, and St.2 showed ellipse type at 300~500 m distant from coastal line. It suggest that artificial reefs for marine afforestation should be installed belt zone at station of St.1 and ellipse zone at St.2. Modelling algae transport was also tested to account for local dispersion of algae spore due to the suspended materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.487-492
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• 2007

최근 잦은 기상이변으로 인한 자연재해는 그 빈도와 강도가 점차 증가하고 있다. 이러한 기상이변은 결국, 극단적인 가뭄이 닥칠 가능성이 농후할 것이고, 만일 극단적인 가뭄상황이 도래할 경우 제한급수 또는 절수로 인한 일반인이 느끼는 피해정도는 매우 늘어날 것이다. 본 연구는 가뭄상황시 제한급수를 고려한 소비자의 지불의사를 알아보고자, 7대 특 광역시와 32개 가뭄상습지역에 거주하는 일반인을 대상으로 생활용수 수요패턴과 가뭄상황을 고려한 생활용수의 가치를 추정하였다. 조사결과, 수돗물 수질 관련에 대해서는 가뭄상습지역보다 7대광역시가 더 민감하였고, 수돗물 수량에 대해서는 가뭄상습지역이 더 민감한 것으로 나타났다, 지불의사 추정은 양분선택형과 개방형을 혼합하여 지불의사액을 설문하였고, Tobit모형을 이용하여 지불의사액을 추정하였다. 추정결과, 교육수준이 높을 수록, 가구수가 많을수록, 소득이 높을수록 지불의사가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 가뭄으로 인해 생활용수의 25% 제한시에는 약 2010원, 50% 제한시에는 2,395원의 추가적인 지불의사가 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 결국, 조사가구의 평균 수돗물 사용량과 절감량등을 추정하여 계산한 결과, 생활용수 25% 제한시 $1m^3$당 추가적인 지불의사 금액은 약 534원으로 추정된다. 지불의사가 기대했던 것보다 낮은 이유는 소비자가 그 정도의 가뭄을 경험하지 못한데서 오는 조세저항으로 여겨진다. 그러나 이 같은 결과는 가뭄을 회피하기 위해 소비자가 기꺼이 지불할 수 있는 비용은 현재의 물 값보다 훨씬 높다는 것을 의미한다. 알 수 있었다.수 없는 실제 방사선작업 환경에서의 선량평가 수행시, 본 논문에서 제시한 선량평가방법을 적용할 경우 계획된 피폭과 예상하지 못한 방사선장에 대한 피폭을 구분할 수 있어 보다 심도 있는 피폭선량평가 및 방사선관리가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.황산기(黃酸基)의 함량은 가장 적었다내고 있었고, in vivo에서는 복강(復腔)(i. p.) 투여(投與)에서는 $12.9{\sim}22.2%$. 경구(經口)(p.o.) 투여(投與)에서는 $11.2{\sim}21.6%$의 높은 활성(活性)을 나타내고 있었다. 단 peroxidase 활성(活性)은 복강(復腔)(i. p.) 투여(投與)에서는 $129.0{\sim}188.6%$, 경구(經口)(p. o.) 투여(投與)에서는 $111.4{\sim}139.6%$의 활성(活性)을 나타내고 있었다.rucic acid를 다량함유(多量含有)하고 있는 목포단교 12는 다른 두 품종(品種)에 비(比)하여 장쇄지방산에 속하는 eicoseuoic acid가 11.7%로 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 그리고 3품종(品種) 모두 중성지질(中性脂質) 획분(劃分)의 지질(脂質)은 전체지방산(全體脂肪酸) 조성(組成)의 비(比)와 별다른 차이(差異)를 나타내지 않았다.수 있으나 본원에서 사용 중인 장비에서 극히 적은 MU의 사용이 현저한 선량적 오차를 유발하진 않는 것으로 사료되어진다. 그러나 정도 관리 시 그 오차를 확인하는 과정은 장비의 사용과 수명에 따라 지속적으로 관리되어져야 할 것이다.>로 평균

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1194-1199
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 도시배수관망의 간략화 모의 시 지선을 단순 생략하는 것이 아니라 2차원 관망을 1차원으로 전환시키는 방법인 등가하천 개념을 도입하여 도시유역의 유출량 산정에 있어서 여러 지선들을 개별적으로 모의하지 않으면서도 실제 존재하는 지선들의 효과를 고려할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 자연하천에 대해 개발된 등가하천 개념은 최근의 수문모형의 경향인 물리적 분포형 모형의 복잡성을 피하면서 전통적인 개념적 집중형 모형이 가지는 간편성을 살리고 그 것이 가지고 있는 선형가정의 한계를 극복하기 위한 방안으로서 제안된 방법이다. 등가하천 개념을 도입하여 개발된 모형은 종국적으로 강우-유출관계에 있어서 강우의 크기, 선형 및 비선형성, 유역면적 등이 미치는 영향을 분석하기위한 도구로 개발되었으며, 본 연구에서는 출구로부터 동일 거리 s에 위치한 지점에서의 배수관망의 공간적인 분포 및 집중패턴을 파악하는 폭함수(width function, n(s))와 면적함수(area function, M(s))를 이용하여 관망을 간략화 하였다. 등가관의 수리기하조건 결정은 유역이 정상상태에 도달했을 경우에 대해서 이루어지게 되며 정상상태 모의를 통해 개별 관망단면들에 대해 얻어진 유량(Q), 면적(A), 수심(y) 자료간의 상관관계를 유추하여 Q(A), A(y) 함수를 유도하게 되면 종국적으로 관로홍수추적에 이용되는 지배방정식의 매개변수인 파속계수(c) 및 확산계수(D)를 계산할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 대상 유역으로 군자 배수구역을 선정하여 유역의 특성과 관망 자료를 수집하고 간략화 기법을 적용한 결과를 분석 하였다.다. 21세기 문화산업에서 우리가 판단하게 될 디자인의 가치는 계몽의 원리에 대한 '역사성'과 '현재성'의 변증법에 달려있는 것이며, 새로운 철학, 새로운 문명, 새로운 세계를 열어가는 것이다.r$ (地理志)에는 추현리와 이미 외리를 언급하면서 상주의 자기제작의 위상을 짐작하는 기록이 언급되면서 전국의 상품의 절반을 담당하고 있었음을 알 수 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 상주가 8곳으로 1/3의 자기 생산을 담당하고 있었다. $\ulcorner$경상도지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와 동년대에 동일한 목적으로 찬술되었음을 알 수 있다. $\ulcorner$경상도실록지리지$\lrcorner$(慶尙道實錄地理志)에는 $\ulcorner$세종실록$\lrcorner$(世宗實錄) $\ulcorner$지리지$\lrcorner$(地理志)와의 비교를 해보면 상 중 하품의 통합 9개소가 삭제되어 있고, $\ulcorner$동국여지승람$\lrcorner$(東國與地勝覽) 에서는 자기소와 도기소의 위치가 완전히 삭제되어 있다. 이러한 현상은 첫째, 15세기

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

The fruiting body of honey mushroom, Armillaria gallica, was collected from Gastrodia elata cultivated fields. Pure cultures were isolated from fruiting body tissue of the mushrooms, and cultured on MCM (mushroom complete medium) or PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium. Then, 12 different types of mycelial growth characteristics such as growth rate, colony morphology and rhizomorph formation were obtained. The vitality of the mycelial growth and rhizomorph formation of the fruiting body culture isolates were better on MCM than PDA, suggesting that the optimal culture medium for A. gallica mycelia was MCM. To observe the feature of colony morphology, the subculture of isolates were incubated on MCM. Consequently, we could find the segregated or differentiated colony morphology from isolate type 11 that was similar morphology to isolate type 12. For phylogenetic analysis of the 12 isolates, RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) were performed. The isolate type 12 was not only shown different band patterns of RAPD variation in other 11 isolates, but also commercial strain known as Chunmagyun No. 1. Among the tissue culture isolates of fruiting, strains with better mycelial growth characteristics than Chunmagyun No. 1 were selected. We expect that the new strain can be substituted to commercial strain Chunmagyun No. 1.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.387-396
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• 2018

Exposure to the natural environment can cause damage to domestic wooden cultural assets, such as temples. Deterioration is accelerated by biological damage and various environmental factors. In this study, meteorological factors were monitored by equipment installed at Beopjusa temple of Boeun province and Seonamsa temple of Suncheon province. A statistical model was applied to these data to predict the meteorological factors and to compare the predictive performance of each meteorological factor. The resulting correlation coefficient between air and dew point temperatures was highest, at 0.95, while the correlation coefficient for relative humidity had a moderate value(0.65) at both the Beopjusa and Seonamsa temples. Thus, a general linear model was found to be suitable for predicting air and dew point temperatures. An analysis of correlation between meteorological factors showed that there was strong positive correlation between air temperature and dew point temperature, and between solar radiation and evaporation at both sites. There was a weak positive correlation between air temperature and evaporation at Beopjusa temple. Wind speed was negatively correlated with both air temperature and relative humidity at Seonamsa temple. The wind speed at this location is higher than average in winter and lower than average in summer, and it was hypothesized that the low wind speed plays a role in reducing water evaporation in summer, when both air temperature and relative humidity are high. As a result, damage to the wooden buildings of Seonamsa temple is accelerated.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.153-176
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to rethink the importance of manipulative materials and to extract of manipulative materials program and its application methods. Activity, construction, and operation is stressed in the elementary mathematics. For this, various technological tools and manipulative materials is emphasized in mathematics teaching-learning methods. Applications of manipulative materials in the elementary mathematics is gradually increased together with curriculum revisions and textbook developments. As a result, tangram, geo-board etc., many tools ate introduces to school mathematics. This study is executed in this contexts. To achieve this, We introduce Australian 'Maths With Attitude' program. This program is composed of the primary level and secondary level. Each level consists of four domains - Number & Computation, Space & Logic, Chance & Measurement, Pattern & Algebra -, and each domains is made up of 20 tasks(i.e. manipulative materials) and programs. This study takes the focus to 5-6 grades programs in the mid of the primary level. First, We introduce 'Monkeys & Bananas'(Number & Computation) and 'Triangles & Colours' (Pattern & Algebra) tasks, and investigate the examples of lessons using these tasks. Second, We think the probability of these tasks' application and draw examples in the elementary mathematic textbooks. Through this works, We respect teaching-learning methods is rich and various in the elementary mathematics lessons.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2002

Natural geological and environmental processes reflect to element abundances in geological materials on the surface. This study aims to elucidate a possibility of geostatistical application to differentiate geochemical anomalies affected by anthropogenic and geogenic factors. A regional geochemical map was produced using 'inverse distance weight interpolation' method for analytical results of stream sediments «150 11m) which were collected from 2,290 first- to second-order streams over the whole Gyeonggi Province. The Jurassic granitic batholith in the southeastern province was selected as a target for the geostatistical examination. Factor analysis was conducted using 22 elements for stream sediments from 445 drainage basins over the granitic body. Co, Cr, Sc, MgO, Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$, V, and Ni were grouped with high correlation coefficients and the depletion of the components may reflect the whole-rock chemistry of the granite. Regression analysis was done using Co, Cr, and Sc as dependent variables and other six components as independent variables, and the results were drawn as maps. The maps acquired generally show quite similar distribution patterns with those of concentrations of each variable. The similarity in the spatial patterns between the two maps indicates that the application of regression statistics can be valid for the interpretation of regional geochemical data. However, some components show local discrepancies which may be influenced by secondary factors regardless of the basement lithology. The regression analysis may be effective in extracting local geochemical anomalies which may reflect rather anthropogenic pollutions than geogenic influences.