• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.83 no.3
• /
• pp.286-298
• /
• 1994

The object of this study was to examine the user's impacts on the environmental deteriorations of trail at Ticket Office - Paekryunsa (Temple) Hyangch$\hat{o}$kpong - Dongyupryung - Chilyun Fall area in T$\hat{o}$kyusan National Park. Four trails were sampled in the study area according to the amount of users. Then the user's impacts on trail were measured at each trail. The Ticket Office-Paekryunsa trail was the most used district and followed at Paekryunsa-Hyangch$\hat{o}$kpong trail, Hyangch$\hat{o}$kpong-Dongyupryung trail in descending order. Dongyupryung-Chilyun Fall trail is not used by people because of rest rotation system. The entire width of trail was greater at the more heavily used trail. Maximum depth, cross-sectional area loss, and surface texture and roughness of trail were the highest at Paekryunsa-Hyangch$\hat{o}$kpong trail. Soil hardness, soil acidity, soil moisture content, organic matter content, and exchange canon were influenced by trampling. Soil hardness, soil acidity and exchange canon increased in tramples soil, but content of soil moisture and organic matter decreased therein. Environmental deteriorations of trail were significantly influenced by the amount of users and the slope of trail. Bared lands about $2.000m^2$ were appeared by trampling and camping around Hyangch$\hat{o}$kpong. Effects of carrying of rest rotation system for National Park were partly recognized at Dongyupryung-Chilyun Fall trail.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
• /
• no.90
• /
• pp.35-56
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the implementation of the karst infrastructure systems for the u-cave. IT based u-cave represents spatial information derived fields, such as geographical distribution of the cave boundaries, physical configuration of the cave locations and formation characteristics of the karst history. These three aspects relate to karst infrastructure systems, cave monitoring center and spatial database implementation. In terms of the IT based u-cave infrastructure implementation systems, the u-cave depends on IT contents and spatial features. uIT contents are strongly related to IT839 strategy due to the national agenda is "u-Korea". Cave should contribute to u-cave construction through the spatial analyses methods including USN, RFID, LiDAR, ELD, and GIS technologies. For these methods various cave functions will guide to u-cave's distribution, location, and characteristics of karst. The infrastructure consists of landforms and speleothem facilities, underground related facilities, environmental protection systems, and cave planning. These six units of the cave infrastructures have spatial databases that consist of spatial configuration, such as 4-D in order to draw the spatial distribution of the limestone and lava caves. IT based u-cave system infrastructure implementation should deal with IT convergence to generate fusion affects.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.104-123
• /
• 2002

The flora survey on Chungnyeongsan and Seorisan was conducted 6 times from 1998 to 2000.817 taxa such as 112 families 415 genera 688 species 1 subspecies 116 varieties 12 forma were recorded. Dominant species in investigated areas was Quercus mongozica and some deciduous broad-leaved species, such as Quercus sp., Acer sp., Fraxinus sp., Carpinus sp., etc. were codominant species in these areas. Pinus koraiensis and Larix teptozepis plantations were also found in these areas. The 16 taxa of rare plants protected by Forestry Service were found in these areas and among them 10 taxa were new populations which had not been recorded in these areas. Discovery of Erunthis stellata, Aconitum koreanum, Paeonia japonica, Scopotia japonica and Acunthopanax senticosus populations indicate that these areas could be regarded as very important one in a biogeographical aspect. Endemic plants were listed 35 taxa and among them 22 taxa including Corydalis maculata, Ulmus macrocarpa, Scrophutaria horuiensis, Cirsium setidens, etc. were new one. Naturalized plants were listed 39 taxa and among them 30 taxa were new one. Lower naturalized index(NI) and higher urbanized index(UI) were recorded compared to those of neighbored areas. There were many kinds of threatening factors fur the plant resources in survey areas, so it is necessary to limit the number of visitors and to introduce the natural relaxation system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.53-59
• /
• 2013

This study investigated mammal fauna in the sabbatical area of Mt. Unmun, Kyungsangbuk-do from December, 2007 to September, 2009. A total of 24 species belonging to 11 Families, 6 Orders, were identified in the survey area. Dominant species were as follows: Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis), Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus), Korean mole (Mogera wogura), and East Asian field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae). Especially, four Legal Protection Species specified as National Monument (NM) and Endangered Species (ES) found in this survey were as follows: Flying squirrel (Petromys volans; NM #328 and ES level II), Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra; NM #330 and ES level I), Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis; ES level II) and Marten (Martes flavigula; ES level II). These results on the geographical distribution of various mammal species and Legal Protection Species indicate that this area is a valuable ecosystem for native mammal species. On the other hand, many feral cats were also found and specified as a management species. The results of this study show that further long-term investigation and management plan are needed to protect against harmful species and maintain the native ecosystem of Mt. Unmun.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.72-85
• /
• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the vascular flora distributed in the Gatbawi District of Palgongsan Natural Park and to provide basic data for the conservation and management of the natural resources. The results of the investigation of the flora with the Gatbawi District from April 2015 through October 2017 are as follows. As a result of drawing up a list of flora based on the specimens of evidence, as for the entire flora, 238 taxa were identified in total: 75 families, 167 genera, 214 species, 3 subspecies, 18 variants and 3 varieties. Also, one species of rare plant, 20 particular floristic species and a total of 18 species of naturalized plant were found.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.481-504
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Mt. Biseul. The vascular plants collected 10 times(from May 2006 to October 2007) were identified as 468 taxa in total, including 89 families, 302 genera, 397 species, 1 subspecies, 59 varieties and 11 forms. Korean endemic plants of this area were identified as 17 taxa including Thalictrum uchiyamai, Coreanomecon hylomeconoides, Lonicera subsessilis, etc.; the Ministry of Environment-designated plants, which should be protected by the wildlife protection law, were identified as one taxon including Aconitum austrokoreense; the Office of Forestry-designated rare & endangered plants were identified as 6 taxa including Viola albida, Lloydia triflora, Streptopus ovalis, etc.; the naturalized plants were identified as 34 taxa, and their naturalization ratio and urban index were found to be 7.3%, and 12.2% respectively. This study newly identified about 160 taxa of the plants, among which 17 taxa were newly added to the list of naturalized plants, such as Phytolacca americana, Dicentra spectabilis, Lepidium apetalum, Medicago lupulina, Euphorbia supina, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Cosmos bipinnatus, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Galinsoga ciliata, Rudbeckia bicolor, Sonchus oleraceus, Tagetes minuta, Taraxacum officinale, Chloris virgata, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Tradescantia reflexa, etc. There existed many kinds of plants resources having conservational value like Aconitum austrokoreense etc. in this area, but there remains a fear of nature destruction's acceleration due to indiscriminate human development and access of a lot of visitors, so it is judged that there should be a management plan, such as a limit on the number of visitors or rest-year-system for restoration of nature.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.327-349
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of vascular plants and their use from 2007 to 2009 in Mt. Unmum(Cheongdo-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-Do). The vascular plants were summarized as 605 taxa including 98 families, 304 genus, 514 species, 3 subspecies, 68 varieties, and 20 forma. Among the investigated 605 taxa, 21 rare and endangered plants, 29 Korean endemic plants were included. Based on the list of specially designated plants by Ministry of Environment, 70 taxa included Iris odaesanensis and Gastrodia elata were recorded in the investigated area. The naturalized plants were identified as 23 taxa and the percent of naturalized index(NI) was 3.8% of total 605 taxa vascular plants. Usage of 605 taxa were consists of 225 taxa(37.2%) of edible plants, 191 taxa(31.6%) of medicinal plants, 64 taxa(10.6%) of ornamental plants, 46 taxa(7.6%) of pasture plants, 18 taxa(3.0%) of timber plants, 14 taxa(2.3%) of fiber plants, and 3 taxa(0.5%) of industrial plants. To management of natural resource, we suppose that it is required to establish an ecological learning area to minimize human disturbance and an effective managemet strategy by continuous monitoring for ecosystem change.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.72-85
• /
• 1992

The analysis of visitor's behavior in Hallasan National Park was executed for a month in september, 1990. In the characteristics of trip purpose, the nature-oriented motive was 68.9% of the total. And in the characteristics of the accompanied, the ratio of such items as company, friends,2-3 persons and above 12 persons was generally high. The ratio of lunch box was 62.7％ and the item of bring back waste treatment was 69.6% in the characteristic of activity. The degree of landscape satisfaction was 3.98 and comparatively high on considering the maximum degree of 5.0, but in the degree of facility, the degree of dissatisfaction was high. Therefore the degree of total satisfaction was 3.43. In the opinion of users, the entrance by order of arrival, the adoption of reserved system and the limitation of the entrance of a group were gen- orally objected but the adoptation of nature rest-rotation system was comparatively assented Specially, visitor center was rarely used but many visitor who has attended there positively think about it. In factor analysis, 4 factors were extracted. Facilitate, social. user behavior and natural property were the most affecting factor to psychological satisfaction test. Multiple regression results showed that cleanness, land-scape, safety, no. of wastebasket and crowdness items affected the total satisfaction variable in total and local area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2010

A biological assessment of water quality was carried out in Unmunsan County Park from November 2007 to September 2008. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 140 species, 106 genera, 61 families, 13 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla. The dominant species in all the survey areas was Goerodes KUa of Trichoptera. The dominance index(DI) showed the highest as 0.553 at site 2 and the lowest as 0.354 at site 7. The species diversity index(H') showed the highest as 2.18 at site 7 and the lowest as 1.75 at site 2. Ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate(ESB) showed the highest as 85 at site 4 and site 7 and the lowest as 51 at site 5. As a result, the areas 4 and 7 needed to be designated as the highest protection area, and the area 5 as the protection area. Besides, the water quality, based on the ecological indicators of benthic macroinvertebrate community, turned out to be oligosaprobic in the whole survey areas.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2007

The vascular plants of the Moaksan provincial park area were listed as 615 taxa: 120 families, 383 genera, 542 species, 1 subspecies, 69 varieties and 3 forms. Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 6 taxa were recorded: Cephalotaxus koreana, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, Salix purpurea var. japonica, Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis and based on the list of the rare plants by the Forest Research Institute, 5 taxa were recorded in the studied areas: Lilium distichum (Preservation priority order; No. 159), Tricyrtis dilatata (No. 97), Iris ensata var. spontanea (No. 197), Aristolochia contorta (No.151), Viola albida (No. 202). Specific plant species by floral region were a total of 48 taxa; Prunus yedoensis in Class V, 2 taxa, as Carex arenicola, Wistaria floribunda in Class IV, 4 taxa, Spiraea salicifolia, Thea sinensis, Asperula lasiantha, etc. in Class III, 8 taxa, as Lilium distichum, Iris ensata var. spontanea, Acer triflorum, etc. in Class II, 33 taxa, as Camptosorus sibiricus, Orixa japonica, Lonicera praeflorens, etc. in Class I. The naturalized plants in this site were 16 families, 40 genera, 48 species, 2 varieties, 50 taxa and the naturalization rate was 8.1% of all 615 taxa vascular plants. As a conservation measure, there needs to be controls on the imprudent development and excessive visitors and a detailed plan like nature the rest of the year.