• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.436-442
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• 2008

Hydroxyproline and Pro-Hyp dipeptide are the digestive products of collagen hydrolysate called collagen peptide. Some suggested that collagen peptides could improve aged or damaged skins, however, the effects of collagen peptides on the skin have not been known. In this study, we investigated the effects of digestive products of collagen peptides, hydroxyproline and Pro-Hyp dipeptide on skin quality using the UV-damaged dorsal skin of hairless mouse as a model system. Female SKH hairless mice were pre-irradiated with UV for 7 weeks, and then hydroxyproline, Pro-Hyp dipeptide were orally administered for 7 weeks with UV irradiation. Wrinkle formation (by replica image), skin elasticity, barrier status (by TEWL, transepidermal water loss), epidermis thickness, and biophysical changes in the stratum comeum (by hematoxylin & eosin staining) were examined. With the oral peptide treatment, effects such as skin barrier maintenance, anti-skin thickening, and recovery of the stratum corneum were observed. These results indicate that oral intake of collagen peptides may have beneficial effects on damaged skin cells.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

Primary radial nerve palsy occurs in association with approximately 10% of humerus shaft fractures. Secondary radial nerve palsy, which is iatrogenic, occurs in association with approximately 10% to 20% of humerus shaft fractures. Whether the radial nerve palsy is caused primarily by the fracture or secondarily by the surgery, it is necessary to determine whether the radial nerve is being disrupted or compressed by the surrounding structures. This evaluation will dictate whether to await natural recovery or to perform surgical exploration. The current authors report one case of primary radial nerve palsy, due to the humerus fracture, and one case of secondary radial nerve palsy, associated with the osteosynthesis procedure. In both patients, the radial nerve was assessed for anatomical integrity with ultrasonography. Nerve disruption was found in one patient, and a sural nerve graft was performed. Nerve adhesion was found in the other patient, and neurolysis was performed. In both cases, the clinical results were satisfactory. This report focuses on the usefulness of ultrasonography in radial nerve assessment in patients with radial nerve palsy.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.449-458
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• 2007

Fish community and its temporal-spacial variation in the Lagoon Hwajinpo, Korea were seasonally investigated with different types of fishing gears from November, 2005 to August, 2006. Total 35.812 fishes caught during the period were belonged to 24 families 37 species. Dominant species was H. nipponensis(60.8%), T, hakonensis (19.8%), and K. punctatus (5.5%) ana these species were peripheral freshwater fish. Among 37 species, primary freshwater and seawater fish were 8 species (21.6%), respectively and peripheral freshwater fish were 21 species (56.8%). Total biomass of collected fish was 279.3kg, and biomass of each species was T. hakonensis 152.9 kg, H. nipponensis 40.0 kg, K. punctatus 31.4 kg and C. haematochelius 25.3 kg, respectively. Hence, productivity of the Lagoon Hwajinpo was much higher than those of inland reservoirs. The aspect of community classified by surveyed period was changed according to the 'Breaking-sandbar', but some of peripheral freshwater fish populations made stable community in their life cycle in the lagoon. In conclusion, the Lagoon Hwajinpo seems to be maintained more natural ecosystem better than other lagoons in Korea. Therefore, the findings provide consideration of the management and restoration for this lagoon and others through the continuous observation and monitoring in future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2023

Landscapes and gardens have emerged as an important medium of practice in contemporary cities. Among them, this paper examines the city through the frame of gardens. This is because gardens are being reconceptualized as a medium of activity for urban residents and have become an important subject of action in urban regeneration and the creation of urban villages. From this perspective, this paper examines and proposes an "integrated garden city theory" as a landscape theory suitable for the contemporary era by focusing on the urban structure and the behavior of urban residents through the medium of gardens, as well as the process and results. This is both a process and a result of looking back at the evolution of landscape for over a century and rethinking the identity of landscape. We first examined garden city theory, noting that Ebenezer Howard and Frederick Law Olmsted's positions on the relationship between gardens and cities were not so different, and that "working and responsive landscapes" were fundamental to cities and the beginning of landscape theory. We also examine how their ideals have not been fully realized in cities over the past century, but the prototype of gardens based on traditional garden culture is now being formed in East Asian cities, and the evolution of landscape theory in response. The conclusion is that a new version of the garden concept should be reestablished as a living infrastructure in our cities, and a new garden city theory is needed to make it work. To this end, each chapter examines three arguments, as follows First, the values of gardens and East Asian garden cultures in contemporary cities are shaped by the themes of community and integrity. Second, Korean communality, represented by apartments, is expressed through gardening and requires the reconciliation of city and life and the role of landscape architecture as a specialized field to support it. Third, we examine and consider an integrated garden city theory as a theory of practice in which city-based, everyday life, and garden mediums, i.e., city, life, and garden, are organic, based on an oriental view of nature. As a result, it is confirmed that contemporary gardens and cities are looking for important elements and values that still need to be rediscovered in East Asian landscape and garden cultures. Although the proposal of an integrated garden city theory cannot guarantee the continuation of landscaping, it can be an opportunity for all fields related to cities, not just landscaping, to collaborate and consider garden cities. Through this, it is hoped that "the concept of garden and city suitable for metropolitan or dense cities, ways to spread and support garden culture based on community, evolution of landscape theory/design theory suitable for lifestyle and terrain conditions, search for sustainable/resilient garden city theory that can respond to climate change, and establishing a new role for landscape in the 21st century" will be seriously considered.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.252-259
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the wear of a prosthesis for 6 months after restoration with implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis made of either zirconia or gold. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on patients requiring implant-supported fixed dental prostheses on first or second molar from January, 2015 to January, 2016. A total of 47 prostheses and antagonists were examined. Occlusal surface was recorded by impression of each prosthesis and antagonist 1 week and 6 months after prosthesis delivery. The digital files were created by impression scan. Occlusal shapes of 1 week and 6 months were compared and wear of prostheses and antagonists was analyzed. The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyzed the result data underwent normality test using SPSS (Version 23.0, IBM Corporation) Results: Mann-Whitney test revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the median amount of mean vertical wear for 6 months in zirconia ($50.84{\mu}m$) and gold ($42.84{\mu}m$) prostheses (P > 0.05). When the opposing teeth were natural, the median amount of mean vertical wear of zirconia and gold prostheses was $47.72{\mu}m$ and $41.97{\mu}m$, respectively, and the median amount of mean vertical wear of enamel was $47.26{\mu}m$ and $44.59{\mu}m$, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Despite the short study period and the small number of experimental groups, zirconia and gold showed no significant difference in wear during the first 6 months. Opposing natural enamel also showed no significant difference in the wear.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Anaerobic digestion process is recently adapted technology for treatment of organic waste such as animal manure because the energy embedded in the waste can be recovered from the waste while the organic waste were digested. Ever increased demand for consumption of meat resulted in the excessive use of antimicrobials to the livestocks for more food production. Most antimicrobials administered to animals are excreted through urine and feces, which might highly affect the biological treatment processes of the animal manure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antimicrobials on the efficiency of anaerobic digestion process and to clarify the interactions between antimicrobials and anaerobes. METHODS AND RESULTS: The experiment was consisted of two parts 1) batch test to investigate the effects of individual antibiotic compounds on production of methane and VFAs(volatile fatty acids), and removal efficiency of organic matter, and 2) the continuous reactor test to elucidate the effects of mixed antimicrobials on the whole anaerobic digestion process. The batch test showed no inhibitions in the rate of methane and VFAs production, and the rate of organic removal were observed with treatment at 1~10 mg/L of antimicrobials while temporary inhibition was observed at 50 mg/L treatment. In contrast, treatment of 100 mg/L antimicrobials resulted in continuous decreased in the rate of methane production and organic removal efficiency. The continuous reactor test conduced to see the influence of the mixed antimicrobials showed only small declines in the methane production and organic matter removal when 1~10 mg/L of combined antimicrobials were applied but this was not significant. In contrast, with the treatment of 50 mg/L of combined antimicrobials, the rate of organic removal efficiency in effluent decreased by 2~15% and the rate of biogas production decreased by 30%. CONCLUSION(s): The antimicrobials remained in the animal manure might not be removed during the anaerobic digestion process and hence, is likely to be released to the natural ecosystem. Therefore, the efforts to decline the usage of antimicrobials for animal farming would be highly recommended.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.454-464
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• 2001

Background: It has been recognized that systemic inflammatory reaction and oxygen free radical formed by activated leukocyte in the procedure of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) frequently produce postoperative cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of leukocyte-depleting filters in the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit for patients undergoing open heart surgery(OHS). Material and method: The study involved 15 patients who underwent OHS with a Leukoguard-6 leukocyte filter placed in the arterial limbs of the bypass circuit(filter group, n=15) and 15 patients who did not have the filter(control group, n=15). We analyzed the differences between the groups in intraoperative changes of peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet counts, pre- and postbypass changes of malondialdehyde(MDA), troponin-T(TnT), 5'-nucleotidase(5'-NT) in coronary sinus blood, spontaneous recovery rate of heart beat after CPB, pre-and postoperative cardiac index(Cl) and pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR), and the amounts of postoperative bleeding and sternal wound complication. Result: During CPB, total leukocyte count of the filter group(9,567$\pm$ 842/㎣) was significantly less than that of the control group(13,573+1,167/㎣) (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference in platelet count between the groups. Postoperative levels of MDA(3.78+0.32 $\mu$mol/L vs 5.86+0.65 $\mu$mo1/L, p<0.01), TnT(0.40$\pm$0.04 ng/mL vs 0.59$\pm$0.08 ng/mL, p<0.05) and 5'-NT(3.88$\pm$0.61 U/L vs 5.80$\pm$0.90 U/L, p<0.05) were all significantly lower in the filter group than the control group. Postoperative Cl was higher in the filter group than the control group(3.26$\pm$0.18 L/$m^2$min vs 2.75$\pm$0.17 L/$m^2$/min, p=0.05). PVR of the filter group was lower than that of the control group(65.87$\pm$7.59 dyne/sec/cm$^{5}$ vs 110.80+12.22 dyne/sec/cm$^{5}$ , p<0.01). Spontaneous recovery rate of heart beat in the filter group was higher than that in the control group(12 patients vs 8 patients, p<0.05). Postoperative wound infection occurred in one case in the filter group and 4 case in the control group(p<0.05). Postoperative 24 hour blood loss of the filter group was more than that of the control group (614$\pm$107 mL vs 380+71 mL, p=0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.18-31
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• 2024

This study examines the inscription trends and characteristics of 121 cultural landscapes inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List to gain a comprehensive understanding of their inherent values and attributes. By employing a dual methodology involving descriptive statistical analysis and in-depth case studies, this research investigates the geographical distribution, temporal inscription patterns, selection criteria, and typologies of these landscapes. The data for this study were collected from official documents and databases available on the UNESCO World Heritage Center website, ensuring the reliability and authenticity of the information. The analysis reveals that cultural landscapes are predominantly concentrated in Europe and Asia, with a steady increase in inscriptions since 1992. These landscapes are primarily recognized for their uniqueness in reflecting human-nature interactions, as well as the importance of traditional culture and land-use practices, resulting in their inscription mainly under criteria (iv), (iii), (v), and (ii). Furthermore, cultural landscapes can be broadly categorized into three types: designed landscapes, organically evolved landscapes, and associative landscapes. Among these, organically evolved landscapes, formed through long-term interactions between human activities such as agriculture and industry and the natural environment, constitute a significant proportion. These findings suggest that UNESCO World Heritage cultural landscapes possess a complex value system encompassing nature and culture, tangible and intangible elements, and material and non-material aspects. This necessitates a fundamental shift in the perception and preservation approaches to cultural heritage, requiring an integrated approach that emphasizes the overall context rather than individual elements and focuses on the dynamic process of landscape evolution itself. Moreover, cultural landscapes have the potential to contribute to sustainable development models by fostering regional identity, strengthening community resilience, and promoting sustainable economic growth. Therefore, the preservation and management of cultural landscapes require a perspective that holistically views the dynamic evolution process of the landscape and a governance system based on the active participation of local communities and stakeholders. This study contributes to enhancing the in-depth understanding of the characteristics and values of cultural landscapes and provides a foundation for the selection and management of future cultural landscape heritage sites.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.139-162
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• 2014

This paper critically examines the existing discourses about 'relationship', a key element of social work practice and questingly examines Lao-tzu's work of Tao Te Ching, the book of way and virtue, as an alternative theoretical framework for social work relationship. Compared to current discourses of relationship beleaguered by either modernism or postmodernism, both of which are in the deadlock of binary perspective, the insights and vision in Tao Te Ching are successfully able to overcome the limits of them and provide new and profound way of thinking about human, society and their relationship. Especially core cannons crystallized by natural humanistic concepts for cosmos coupled with innate critical power against artificial manipulations of world can extend the horizon of understanding concerning the relationship between client and social workers and therefore provide a new and attractive roles in professional relationship. Moreover, opposed to usual images of Lao-tzu's ideas such as nihilism and passivity, alternative relationship of social work can play an important role of caring the disordered reality where Dao disappered and criticise the selfish desires of individuals and comport the broken-hearted minds in modern society. In addition, results of this paper implies that more extended study articulating ideas of Tao Te Ching with the social work practice would have lots of potentials to promote later researches in quest of 'Korean' social work practice.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2018

The function of vertical subsurface flow wetlands can potentially be reduced with time due to clogging and are often assumed to be occurring when ponding and overflow is observed during rainfall. To investigate their clogging potential, three pilot-scale vertical subsurface flow (VSF) wetland systems were constructed employing woodchip, pumice, and volcanic gravel as main media. The systems received stormwater runoff from a highway bridge for seven months, after which the media were taken out and divided into layers to determine the amount and characteristics of the accumulated clogging matters. Findings revealed that the main clogging mechanism was the deposition of suspended solids. This is followed by the growth of biofilm in the media which is more evident in the wetland employing woodchip. Up to more than 30% of the clogging matter were found in the upper 20 cm of the media suggesting that this layer will need replacement once clogging occurs. Moreover, no signs of clogging were observed in all the wetlands during the operation period even though an estimation of at least 2 months without clogging was calculated. This was attributed to the intermittent loading mode of operation that gave way for the decomposition of organic matters during the resting period and potentially restored the pore volume.