• Journal of the KSME
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.593-602
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• 1995

수출주도형 산업구조를 가지고 있는 우리 나라의 경제여건은 1960년대 초 경제개발 5개년 계획을 수립한 이래 지속적인 성장을 기록하여 왔다. 그러나 1986년도에 3저라는 국제경제여건을 호기로 삼아 국제무역수지 흑자를 기록한 이후 선진국의 보호장벽 강화, 세계적인 BLOCK 경제화, WTO 출범에 따른 국내시장 개방압력, 국내임금의 급속한 상승 등 수많은 대내외적 여건으로 인하여 우리경제의 성장에 큰 부담으로 작용하고 있다. 1994년의 경우 전체무역적자가 63억 3천만 달 러를 기록함으로써 한국경제의 계속적인 무역역조현상이 큰 문제점으로 대두되고 있고 1994년 기준으로 전체무역적자의 188%이상에 해당하는 118억 7천만 달러가 대일무역에서 발생한 대일 역조라는 사실과 최근 몇년간 대일무역적자는 다소 개선되고 있으나 전체 무역적자에서 차지하는 비중이 더욱더 높아가고 있는 것에 대한 대책이 시급한 실정이다. 이같은 대일무역적자 문제는 1960년대 이후 급속한 경제성장만을 추구하여 노동집약형 사업이 주가된 경제성장의 결과이며, 산업재, 특히 기계분야에 대한 기술축적의 부족으로 대부분의 자본재 및 중간재와 기술력에 대한 대일의존도의 심화 등에 그 원인이 있다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 수출 주도형의 한국경제 하에서는 대일무역역조 특히 기계공업분야의 역조현상은 반드시 해결해야 할 중요한 정책과제 임을 인식해야 하며, 이 글에서는 이에 대한 다각적인 대책을 검토하여 해결방안을 제시해 보 고자 한다.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-123
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• 2008

In this paper, technology gap between Korea's manufacturing industries compared to technology frontier countries was estimated in order to take into account Korea's status as a technology follower country. Then by using this measure the role of technology gap was investigated in explaining total factor productivity growth of the Korean manufacturing at industry level. The main empirical findings are as follows: First, the conventional factors that were emphasized in the previous literature such as R&D intensity, trade openness and human capital play important role in explaining the growth rate of Korea's total factor productivity. Second, the larger the technology gap between Korea and technology leader country (and the faster the technology growth rate in the leader country), the higher the growth rate of total factor productivity in Korea as well. Third when the technology gap is large, the most efficient way of absorbing higher technology from frontier country seems to be the international trade channel rather than R&D or human capital accumulation.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.687-697
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• 2004

This paper is aimed to guide ocean-going companies to reasonable decisions and to increase the competitiveness of Korean shipping industry by clarifying the determinants of political costs of ocean-going companies, which only depend for the enormous amount of money to introduce the operating fixed assets, or the vessels, upon the supporting policy from the government or the loan from the related financial institutions. As independent variables of the political costs, 5 elements were settled such as company size(sales, total assets and market share), debit ratio, capital concentration ratio, profitability(operating profit) and marine risk(sales fluctuation). To verify the relations and the effect level between dependent variables and political costs, the Multiple Regression Analysis Model was applied The result of the analysis shows significantly positive relations between size variables and political cost of shipping industry. Moreover, debt ratio and profitability were proved significant related with political costs of shipping industry.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-113
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• 1991

Korea's rapid economic growth of the past thirty years was led by extremely fast export growth under extensive government intervention. Until very recently, the political regimes were authoritarian and oppressed human rights and labor movements. Because of these characteristics, many inside and outside Korea are under the impression that the rapid economic growth was made possible by the government's relentless push for export growth through industrial targetjng. Whether or not the government intervention was pivotal in Korean economic growth is an important issue because of its normative implications on the role of government and the degree of economic policy intervention in a market economy. A good example of industrial targeting policy in Korea is the "Heavy and Chemical Industry (HCI)" policy, which began in the early 1970s and lasted for one decade. Under the HCI policy the government intervened in resource allocation through preferential tax, trade, and credit and interest rate policies for "key industries" which included iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, shipbuilding, general machinery, chemicals, and electronics. This paper investigates the effects of. the HCI policy on the efficiency of capital and the export competitiveness of manufacturing industries. For individual three-digit KSIC (Korea Standard Industrial Classification) industries and for two industry groups, one favored by HCI Policy and the other not, this paper: (1) computes capital intensities and discusses the impact of the HCI policy on the changes in the intensities over time, (2) estimates the capital efficiencies and examines them on the basis of optimal condition of resource allocation, and (3) compares the Korean and Taiwanese shares of total imports by the OECD countries as a way of weighing the effects of the policy on the industries' export competitiveness. Taiwan is a good reference, as it did not adopt the kind of industrial targeting policy that Korea did, while the Taiwanese and Korean economies share similar characteristics. In the 1973-78 period, the capital intensity rose rapidly for the "HC Group" the group of industries favored by the policy, while it first declined and later showed an anemic rise for the "Light Group," the remaining manufacturing industries. Capital efficiency was much lower in the HC Group than in the Light Group, at least until the late 1970s. This paper acribes these results to excess investments in the favored industries and concludes that growth could have been faster in the absence of the HCI policy. The Korean Light Group's share in total imports by the OECD was larger than that of its Taiwanese counterpart but has become much smaller since 1978. For the HC Group Korea's market share was smaller than Taiwan's and has declined even more since the mid-1970s. This weakening in the export competitiveness of Korea's industries relative to Taiwan's lasted until the mid-1980s. This paper concludes that the HCI policy had either no positive effect on the competitiveness of the Korean manufacturing industries or negative effects.

• 정보화사회
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• s.13
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• pp.32-35
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• 1988

정보통신회선 사용제도가 대폭적으로 개선되었다. 그동안 협회가 “민간 VAN활성화 방안의 연구”, “전기통신 관계법령 정비에 관한 워크샾”. “공중전기통신사업 개정안에 대한 공청회” 등의 활동을 통해 회원사들의 요구사항을 수렴. 집약하여 체신부로 하여금 현행의 불합리한 회선사용의 제한을 완화토록 누차에 걸쳐 촉구한 결과 이번 개선조치를 얻어냈다. 이번 조치는 지난 1일 협회 법제분과위원회 석상에서 정부당국자에 의해 최초로 발표되어 회의참석자(회원사 임직원) 모두로부터 전폭적인 환영을 받았다. 특히 이제까지 그룹 VAN에만 허용하던 정보의 교환행위를 중소기업 대상 전산망 서비스분야까지 확대 허용한 점, 다중화 장치 접속 허용, 긴밀관계자 인정범위 확대 등의 내용은 업계측을 크게 고무하고 정보통신사업의 활성화를 촉진하는 획기적인 조치라는 것이 중평이다. 아울러 중소기업기본법 제2조의 기중에 관련한 확대허용 조치는 자칫 대규모 VAN업체에 대한 영세 S/W 업체들의 자본적, 기술적 예속을 가속화시킬 가능성을 잉태하고 있어 이들에 대한 육성.지원대책을 서둘러야 할 때임을 암시하고 있다. 이번 조치에 따라 체신부는 ‘89.1.1일자 시행을 목표로 공중통신사업자로 하여금 다중화장치 접속기준을 제정토록 지침을 하달한 것으로 알려졌다. 한편, 정부는 국내 정보통신사업 육성방안에 대한 연구.검토와 함께 전기통신관련법령의 전면적인 개편을 추진키 위해 이미 전문연구기관단체 등에 연구용역을 주는 등 본격적인 준비작업에 들어갔다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.5-22
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• 2000

Manufacturing industry in Chonbuk region has experienced relatively consistent increase during period 1975-1999. The importance of labor-intensive sectors such as textiles and clothing, wood and furniture, and food and drink, which had been traditionally major sectors in this region, has declined over the same period. On the other hand, the shares of more complex sectors like automobile, chemistry, communication equipment, and other machinery have gone up. The structural change of Chonbuk manufacturing industry, with increasing diversity, follows the national trend of industrial development, based on national industrial policies. but the speed and level of the change has been slow and low in terms of the national standard of manufacturing development, especially with the weak development of high technology industry. In Chonbuk, the spatial distribution of manufacturing industry has shown a high degree of concentration. Although spatial concentration is apparent in the central area including the cities of Chonju, Iksan, and Kunsan, new tendency towards industrial decentralization within this area has been found. The tendency means manufacturing development at the fringe of this area. There is another tendency towards industrial dispersion into the cities of Kimje and Jeongup close to this central area. The spatial dispersion of manufacturing industry has been accelerated in the form of increasing external investment. But despite the tendency of the spatial dispersion, the development of manufacturing industry in the rest of the region still remains a marked inferiority.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2016

The information security industry is technology-intensive, high value-added industries. South Korea's response has excellent ICT skills and experience and skills in a variety of cyber attacks, has become a benchmark in the world. However, the small size of the domestic information security company, supporting infrastructure is lacking. Domestic information security industry is the primary condition to activate the export. For the export of high value-added enterprise information security products and services, it is necessary the establishment of the domestic IT information security infrastructure of the industrial promotion is based overseas. Come to analyze the domestic information security industry, capital of this small, market reclamation of overseas expansion, information, manpower shortage was a problem. This fact, combined losses caused by cost-free period AS. Therefore, the study on information security in the infrastructure industry overseas bases is necessary. How to select and analyze the causes of infrastructure in selected overseas offices. By utilizing the infrastructure of overseas bases, can raise the added value of the products and services of the Information Security company, we can enable the export of small and medium Information Security company from overseas offices.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.411-433
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• 2015

This paper decomposed energy productivity changes across 14 Korean manufacturing industries into 5 components, technological catch-up(EC), technological progress(TC), and changes in labor-energy ratio(LC), capital-energy ratio(KC) and energy mix(EMC). Then we also figured out the possible relationship between energy productivity change and export growth rate across the industries. It is found that (1) technological progress, changes in capital-energy ratio and energy mix contribute to energy productivity growth in Korea during the sample period, (2) technological progress is the primary driving forces for energy productivity growth, (3) increase in export growth rate had a positive impact on energy productivity growth excepting a part of energy-intensive industries.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.98-136
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• 2020

We empirically investigate the determinants of a firm's exit from exporting, using Korean manufacturing firm-level data for the period from 2006 to 2014. Specifically, we estimate the effects of not only firm-level and industry-level characteristics, but also macroeconomic variables on the probability that a firm stops exporting by applying a Complementary Log-Log Model analysis. The results of our estimation suggest that firm-level heterogeneity, such as workforce size, capital intensity, intangible assets and foreign ownership, industry-level variation, such as the labor displacement rate, and macroeconomic variables, such as domestic demand and world demand, significantly affect the possibility of a firm ceasing exports. Also, we show that market interest rates increase the possibility of an export cessation and that the effects of market interest rates are more pronounced on firms with a higher debt ratio. In the primary exporting industries, the probability of a firm ceasing exports decreases as productivity at the firm rises.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 2015

Plant location selection is a decision which requires huge investment and entails a significant impact in a longer-term. The petrochemical industry, in particular, is so capital- and technology-intensive that the firms in the industry pursue enhancing competitiveness through collaboration and integration among entities in their supply chains. Even though the logistics factor such as logistics costs and connectivity have, as a result, gained its importance in plant location decision making, this has rarely studies in empirical studies. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relative importance of the logistics factor in plant location decision making in the petrochemical industry using the multi-criteria decision-making approach. In addition the three representative petrochemical industrial complexes are evaluated by the factors used in this study. This study is able to provide the useful implication in both practical and policy-making aspects. Firms are required to consider the logistics factors with priority compared to other factors in plant location decision making. In addition, when federal or local governments build industrial sites and attract the petrochemical firm, logistics infrastructure should also be considered to provide better transportation connectivity and lower logistics costs in turn.