• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1335-1343
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• 2012

Although navigation systems and automatic identification technologies are in use for nautical safety of ocean vessels, ship collisions are increasing due to the growing number of overseas transportations. Since these accidents are mostly caused by the watch officers and crews' human mistakes, it is essential to develop a new set of systems to prevent such misfortunes. Therefore, we suggest a control and management system which monitors crews in order to conduct secure on-board navigation and nautical safety. We also materialized a mobile terminal system and portable device for the crews to check the status of the ship, and we designed a platform for an integrated surveillance system to assure a harmless voyage. Lastly, we attested the mutual connections of integrated safety-related data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.76-76
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• 2023

최근 자율주행과 관련한 시장의 관심은 기존 자동차 자율주행에서 선박 자율운항으로 자연스럽게 이동하고 있다. 이에 인공지능 및 빅데이터 등과 같은 최근 기술을 선박 자율주행에 적용하는 자율운항선박(MASS: Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship) 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 레이더 및 카메라 등과 같은 센서 정보를 선박 자율운항에 적용하여 다양한 선박 운동 및 정보를 획득하는 연구 기술이 집중되고 있다. 이러한 경향에 따라 IMO(International Maritime Organization)과 같은 국제기구에서도 자율운항선박 표준화 본격 논의로 기술표준 선점 경쟁에 참여하고 있다. 이 중 연안 자율운항선박 개발은 IMO에서 주관하는 무인화 핵심기술로 여겨지고 있어, 기존 대양 항해 기술과 함께 연안 항해에 대한 기술 개발의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 특히 항만 인근 해역에서는 다수의 선박이 입출항함으로 인해 해상에서의 안전과 물류의 효율화가 요구되기 때문에 고도화된 자율운항 기술개발이 필요하다. 하지만 자율운항선박에서의 상황인식 기술은 탑재된 센서의 제한된 시야각 및 기상조건에 따른 인식률이 떨어지는 문제가 생긴다. 이러한 기술적 한계를 극복하기 위해 육상에 설치된 레이더를 활용하여 선박을 탐지할 수 있는 기술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 고해상도 육상 레이더를 기반하여 얻어진 레이더 화면상의 물표 정보를 이용해 인공지능 기법에 활용하기 위한 라벨링 자동 생성 방법에 대해 소개한다. 얻어진 물표 정보에 인공지능 기법을 적용하여 선박 길이 정보를 추정하는 기술에 대해 소개한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.417-422
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• 2016

Aids to Navigation (AtoN) are marine traffic facilities to improve the safety and efficiency of shipping. "New Dangers" should be appropriately marked using lateral, cardinal or isolated danger marks or by using an Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy. However, Emergency Wreck Marking Buoys are difficult to implement in terms of speed and accuracy of installation. In the case of sinking accidents, it is often difficult to immediately install an Emergency Wreck Marking Buoy because of weather conditions, the marine environment or accident positioning. This study concerns Auto-Releasing Emergency Wreck Marking Buoys, which should be installed in all vessel for safe marine navigation and efficient maritime transport with reference to the Maritime Buoyage System (MBS). Auto-Releasing Emergency Wreck Marking Buoys include an auto-release unit, auto reel chain and auto lighting lantern. These buoys can be automatically released from the deck of a vessel and will float in the water for quick installation at the scene of an accident, even in the case of sinking accidents. Auto-Releasing New Mark Buoys are expected to reduce to installation process, prevent secondary accidents by the risk of navigation and be search and rescue rapidly.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.807-812
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• 2007

With the advent of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems(ECDIS) and Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) as the principal navigation equipment of E-navigation strategy, mariners will begin to practice "e-navigation" and increasingly rely upon these systems to navigate safely and efficiently. However, these electronic systems require "e-inputs" in order to function. At present, the choices for e-input are limited, and they are installation dependent. This means that the mariner must be suitably equipped in order to use an alternative e-input. If the primary e-input is lost, and the vessel is not equipped to make use of suitable alternative e-inputs, then continued operations will have to be done the "old fashioned way" using conventional navigation The final objective is a recommendation of dual harbor positioning system on the most appropriate mix of positioning systems to satisfy the marine needs for radionavigation, positioning services.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.465-473
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• 2021

Since the past, ships have hoisted national flags as a means of indicating their nationality. Both domestically and internationally, laws and conventions related to the nationality and hoisting of the flag have been enacted because it is significant that the nationality of a ship is a matter of the jurisdiction of the ship. Nevertheless, there are differences in domestic and international regulations related to the hoisting of the flag of a ship, and if the flag is not hoisted irrespective of the intention, there may be a difference in interpretation as to whether or not the ship will be regarded unconditionally as a stateless ship. However, there is no disagreement locally or abroad about the necessity of indicating the nationality of ships. Therefore, I would like to propose a method to indicate and confirm the nationality of the ship by using wireless communication equipment with hoisting the flag as the only way to express its nationality, reflecting the situation of the era such as high-speed, larger and unmanned ship. Representatively, the method utilizes the automatic identification system(AIS), which is one of the equipment legally installed in the ship, and includes the ship's nationality in its information. If the nationality information is included in the AIS, nationality can be identified earlier and even from a distance, and there will not be instances of nationality not being identified because the flag is not hoisted or the flag is damaged. In addition, it is expected that the problem of nationality indication can be solved even when vessels are unmanned in future.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.589-596
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• 2008

In this paper, Artificial Neural Network(ANN) is applied to automatic berthing control for a ship. ANN is suitable for a maneuvering such as ship's berthing, because it can describe non-linearity of the system. Multi-layer perceptron which has more than one hidden layer between input layer and output layer is applied to ANN. Using a back-propagation algorithm with teaching data, we trained ANN to get a minimal error between output value and desired one. For the automatic berthing control of a containership, we introduced low speed maneuvering mathematical models. The berthing control with the structure of 8 input layer units in ANN is compared to 6 input layer units. From the simulation results, the berthing conditions are satisfied, even though the berthing paths are different.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2018

Recently, the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) coverage has expanded to include coastal areas following the increased attention on vessel traffic safety. However, it has increased the workload on the VTS operators. In some cases, when the traffic volume increases sharply during the rush hour, the VTS operator may not be aware of the risks. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a new method to recognize ship movement anomalies automatically to support the VTS operator's decision-making. The proposed method generated traffic pattern model without any category information using the unsupervised learning algorithm.. The anomaly score can be calculated by classification and comparison of the trained model. Finally, we reviewed the experimental results using a ship-handling simulator and the actual trajectory data to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.485-492
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• 2019

The observation system has been developed to investigate the rip currents at Haeundae beach using X-band marine radar. X-band radar system can observe shape, size, and velocity of rip currents, which is difficult to obtain through field observation by conventional device. Algorithms which automatically detect locations, shapes, and magnitudes of rip currents were developed using time averaged X-band radar sea clutter images. X-band sea clutter images are transformed through 3D FFT into 2D wave number spectrum and frequency spectrum. Rip current velocities were estimated using differences in wave-number spectra and wave frequency spectra due to Doppler shift. The algorithm was verified by drift experiments. At Haeundae beach, the radar system exactly located the rip currents and found to be sustained for 1-2 days at fixed locations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.13-19
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• 2002

Design and implementation methodologies on the performance evaluation system of two-channel ring-core Flux-Gate Compass (FG-Compass) are described, with evaluation procedures and methods based on the polynomial regression models. Performance evaluation system is consists of a step motor driving unit, a bearing transmitting unit and, evaluation programs using polynomial regression formulae. Through performance evaluation tests, total residual deviation tests, total residual deviation of $\pm$4$^{\circ}$ and eigen residual deviation of $\pm$2$^{\circ}$ are obtained from the FG-Compass. The result is more accurate values than the typical FG-Compass with eigen residual deviation of $\pm$4$^{\circ}$ and is provide a possibility to develop a high performance FG-Compass. In addition, the design methodology of a smart FG-Compass with the self estimation and correction of residual deviations is also discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.685-690
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• 2009

International Maritime Organization (IMO) recommends the installation of an Automatic Identification System (AIS) according to requirements by SOLAS to avoid maritime collision. AIS provides traffic information of other ships that may be used for maritime traffic control, SAR (Search and Rescue) and collision avoidance to apply safety management. In this paper, preliminary results to implement an aeronautical surveillance transceiver using AIS transceiver based on ADS-B concepts are described. Although altitude information is not required for AIS since the AIS is operated at MSL (Mean Sea Level), altitude information can be extracted by a GPS (Global Positioning System) chip-set in the AIS transceiver. ADS-B transceiver is implemented by defining a surveillance message format including the altitude information and modifying SOTDMA (Self-Organizing Time Division Multiple Access) protocol. Ground tests and flight tests are performed to validate the implementation results.