Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety (해양환경안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Marine Environment and safety (해양환경안전학회)
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A Study on Displaying the Flag for Indicating the Nationality of Ships

선박 국적 표시를 위한 국기 게양에 대한 고찰

  • Yun, Gwi-ho (Division of Navigation Convergence Studies, Korea Maritime and Ocean University)
  • 윤귀호 (한국해양대학교 항해융합학부)
  • Received : 2021.04.01
  • Accepted : 2021.06.28
  • Published : 2021.06.30
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Abstract

Since the past, ships have hoisted national flags as a means of indicating their nationality. Both domestically and internationally, laws and conventions related to the nationality and hoisting of the flag have been enacted because it is significant that the nationality of a ship is a matter of the jurisdiction of the ship. Nevertheless, there are differences in domestic and international regulations related to the hoisting of the flag of a ship, and if the flag is not hoisted irrespective of the intention, there may be a difference in interpretation as to whether or not the ship will be regarded unconditionally as a stateless ship. However, there is no disagreement locally or abroad about the necessity of indicating the nationality of ships. Therefore, I would like to propose a method to indicate and confirm the nationality of the ship by using wireless communication equipment with hoisting the flag as the only way to express its nationality, reflecting the situation of the era such as high-speed, larger and unmanned ship. Representatively, the method utilizes the automatic identification system(AIS), which is one of the equipment legally installed in the ship, and includes the ship's nationality in its information. If the nationality information is included in the AIS, nationality can be identified earlier and even from a distance, and there will not be instances of nationality not being identified because the flag is not hoisted or the flag is damaged. In addition, it is expected that the problem of nationality indication can be solved even when vessels are unmanned in future.

과거부터 선박은 국적을 표시하기 위한 수단으로 국기를 게양하여 왔다. 선박에서의 국적은 선박의 관할권에 관한 사항으로 그 의미가 중요하기 때문에 국내외적으로 선박 국적 및 국기 게양과 관련된 법령이 제정되어 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 선박의 국기 게양과 관련하여 국내외 규정에 상이점이 존재하고, 의도에 상관없이 국기 게양이 되지 않았을 경우 해당 선박을 무조건 무국적 선박으로 간주할 것인지에 대한 해석의 차이가 발생할 소지가 있다. 하지만, 선박의 국적 표시 필요성에 대해서는 국내외적으로 이견이 존재하지 않는다. 이에, 항해하는 선박에서 유일하게 외부로 국적을 나타낼 수 있는 방법으로 사용하고 있고, 규정화되어 있는 국기 게양과 더불어, 선박 무인화, 고속화 및 대형화 등의 시대적인 상황을 반영, 무선통신장비 등을 활용하여 선박의 국적을 표시하고, 확인할 수 있는 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 대표적으로 선박의 법정 설치 장비인 자동식별장치(AIS)를 활용하는 방안인데, 자동식별장치 정보에 국적 정보를 포함시키도록 하는 방안이다. 자동식별장치에 국적 정보가 포함된다면 보다 조기에 그리고 원거리에서도 국적 식별이 가능하고, 국기 게양을 하지 않거나 게양된 국기가 훼손되어 국적이 식별되지 않는 상황은 발생하지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 향후 선박의 무인화가 이루어졌을 경우에 국적 표시 문제도 해결될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

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