• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.74-84
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• 2016

After Sep. 2017, the LEV3 emission standard will be applied to gasoline and gas vehicles in Korea. This standard has HWFET and SFTP standard as well as FTP-75. Most of LPG vehicles were certificated as SULEV in Korea. Until now, only FTP-75 standard is applying for the certification but it is expected that HWFET and SFTP are used after beginning LEV3. In this paper, 8 LPG and 4 gasoline vehicles were tested on FTP-75 and SFTP to check whether the LPG vehicles can meet LEV3 SFTP standard or not and to suggest direction of development. Most of test vehicles did not meet the SFTP standard. To make up for the fault, fuel injection control improvement is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

As the interest on the air pollution is gradually rising up at home and abroad, automotive and fuel researchers have been working on the exhaust emission reduction from vehicles through a lot of approaches, which consist of new engine design, innovative after-treatment systems, using clean (eco-friendly alternative) fuels and fuel quality improvement. This research has brought forward various main issues : whether PM emissions should be regulated for diesel and gasoline vehicles and whether gasoline and LPG powered vehicles can be further neglected from PM emission inventories. Finally, the greenhouse gas regulation has been discussed including automotive emission regulation. The greenhouse gas and emissions of automotive had many problem that cause of ambient pollution, health effects. Based on various test modes and ambient conditions, this paper discusses the characteristics of LPG on exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases. Also, this paper assessed emission characteristics due to the test temperature. These test temperature were performed by dividing the temperature of the test mode and the lowest local temperature in winter. Through this study, the correlation of vehicle test mode and ambient condition, exhaust emission, greenhouse gas emission was analyzed.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.235-243
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• 2012

Mobile sources are one of the most significant contributors to the inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG). The administration in Korea has set a goal of cutting GHG emissions of vehicles by 34.3% compared to Business As Usual (BAU) by 2020. To achieve this goal, GHG emission standards for vehicles have been applied since 2012, and now light-duty trucks are under consideration to be included to the vehicle types that will be regulated in the new version of GHG emission standards. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing characteristics of exhaust GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions of diesel light-duty trucks according to their various driving modes. GHGs emissions of diesel light-duty trucks reduced in inverse proportion to the speed of the vehicles. GHGs emissions from the combined mode were 8% and 14% lower than those from the CVS- 75 and NEDC modes, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.374-384
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• 2016

Concern about air pollution is gradually rising up in domestic and foreign, automotive and fuel researchers are trying to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions, through a lot of approaches, which consist of new engine design and innovative after-treatment systems, using clean (eco-friendly alternative) fuels and fuel quality improvement. This research is proceeding by two main issues : exhaust emissions and PM particle emissions of gasoline vehicle. Exhaust emissions, non-regulated emissions and PM (particulate matter) particles of automotive are causing many problems which ambient pollution and harmful effects on the human body. The main particulate fraction of automotive exhaust emissions consists of small particles. Because of their small size, inhaled particles can easily penetrate deep into the lungs. The rough surfaces of these particles make it easier for them to combine with other toxins in the environment. Thus, the hazards of particle inhalation are increased. Based on the oxygenated fuel additive types (MTBE, Bio-ETBE, Bio-ethanol, Bio-butanol), this paper discussed the influence of oxygen contents on gasoline vehicle exhaust emissions, non-regulated emissions and nano-particle emissions. Also, this paper assessed exhaust emission characteristics at 2 type test modes. The test modes were FTP-75 and HWFET. All measurement items be verified less than the value of regulated emissions. It could be known difference increase and decrease by each measurement item depending on increase the oxygen contents.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.503-508
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• 2012

Recently green house gas emission problem has been issued because $CO_2$ emission is known to cause global warming. Hence, introduces more stringent emission and fuel economy requirements in various countries, including Korea. In this research, $CO_2$ emission factor characteristics of in-use cars, which are the most dominant vehicle type in Korea, were studied, and 129 gasoline vehicles, 100 diesel vehicles, and 34 LPG vehicles were tested on a chassis dynamometer. In the tests, CO and $CO_2$ emissions as well as fuel reduction rates weremeasured. The tests were conducted in the CVS-75 mode, which has been considered for developing emission factors for regulating emissions from light-duty vehicles in Korea. Through experiments, correlations among displacement, fuel consumption efficiency, fuel type, mileage, driving pattern, and $CO_2$ emission were investigated.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2020

Since a diesel vehicle scandal related to the 'A' automobile company was issued in the United States in 2015, many countries have been interested in emission defeat devices. Being embedded in some diesel passenger cars sold in Korea, a defeat device for exhaust gas may have influence on both fuel economy and NOx emissions. In order to examine such effects, we carried out laboratory indoor tests as well as real road driving tests using four models of 'A' automobile company which may employ defeat devices. Those tests were performed observing the test modes of FTP-75, HWFET, and NEDC. Although fuel economy and NOx emissions according to indoor tests comply with the suggested tolerance, the findings in the real road driving tests do not satisfy the tolerance. Along with the results provided in this study, further evaluation may be necessary to investigate the noticeable difference between the indoor and real road tests.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1108-1119
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• 2018

As the interest on the air pollution is gradually rising at home and abroad, automotive and fuel researchers have been studied on the exhaust and greenhouse gas emission reduction from vehicles through a lot of approaches, which consist of new engine design, innovative after-treatment systems, using clean (eco-friendly alternative) fuels and fuel quality improvement. This research has brought forward two main issues : exhaust emissions (regulated and non-regulated emissions, PM particle matter) and greenhouse gases of vehicle. Exhaust emissions and greenhouse gases of automotive had many problem such as the cause of ambient pollution, health effects. In order to reduce these emissions, many countries are regulating new exhaust gas test modes. Worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicle test procedure (WLTP) for emission certification has been developed in WP.29 forum in UNECE since 2007. This test procedure was applied to domestic light duty diesel vehicles at the same time as Europe. The air pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles are regulated by the weight per distance, which the driving cycles can affect the results. Exhaust emissions of vehicle varies substantially based on climate conditions, and driving habits. Extreme outside temperatures tend to increasing the emissions, because more fuel must be used to heat or cool the cabin. Also, high driving speeds increases the emissions because of the energy required to overcome increased drag. Compared with gradual vehicle acceleration, rapid vehicle acceleration increases the emissions. Additional devices (air-conditioner and heater) and road inclines also increases the emissions. In this study, three light-duty vehicles were tested with WLTP, NEDC, and FTP-75, which are used to regulate the emissions of light-duty vehicles, and how much emissions can be affected by different driving cycles. The emissions gas have not shown statistically meaningful difference. The maximum emission gas have been found in low speed phase of WLTP which is mainly caused by cooled engine conditions. The amount of emission gas in cooled engine condition is much different as test vehicles. It means different technical solution requires in this aspect to cope with WLTP driving cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

As the interest on the air pollution is gradually rising up at home and abroad, automotive and fuel researchers have been working on the exhaust emission reduction from vehicles through a lot of approaches, which consist of new engine design, innovative after-treatment systems, using clean (eco-friendly alternative) fuels and fuel quality improvement. This research has brought forward various main issues : whether PM emissions should be regulated for diesel and gasoline vehicles and whether gasoline and LPG powered vehicles can be further neglected from PM emission inventories. Finally, the greenhouse gas ($CO_2$, $CH_4$, $N_2O$) regulation has been discussed including automotive emission regulation. The greenhouse gas and emissions (PM) particle of automotive had many problem that cause of ambient pollution, health effects. This paper discussed the influence of LPG fuel on automotive cold startability and exhaust emissions gas. Also, this paper assessed emission characteristics due to the test temperature. These test temperature were performed by dividing the temperature of the test mode and the lowest local temperature in winter. Through this study, the correlation of cold startability, exhaust emission and greenhouse gas emission was analyzed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.72-78
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• 2009

The regulation for $CO_2$ emissions from vehicles have become much more stringent in recent years. These more stringent regulations request vehicle manufacturers to develop alternative fuels to reduce exhaust emissions. In this paper, $CO_2$ emission of gasoline, diesel and LPG vehicles in the CVS-75mode is analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the cold starting acceleration period of $CO_2$ emission was much longer compared to the hot start acceleration period. For example, gasoline vehicle and LPG fuel vehicle had 21% higher $CO_2$ emission and diesel vehicle had 34% higher $CO_2$ emission.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 2019

We proposed a method to convert the CO2 emission data of vehicles collected from the chassis dynamometer test from distance unit to energy unit which generally measured from the engine dynamometer tests. In the future, if engine dynamometer tests are limited, it is expected to be applied as an alternative method to calculate CO2 emission based on energy unit through the chassis dynamometer test. At this moment, engine efficiency is required and the test mode average efficiency should be used to improve the accuracy, not the result derived from specific speed and load conditions. Also, this method was applied to foreign data and the results were within 0.2%. However, CO, NOx and THC which have very low emission characteristics except CO2, are limited by the method proposed in this study and need to be considered separatively.