• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.57-57
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• 1995

1) 효소원의 조제 : 류마티스 관절염환자의 관절액 및 rat platelet PLA$_2$는 장등의 방법으로 조재하여 사용하였으며, 기질은 1-pal- (1-$^{14}$ C) linoleoyl PE로 하여 Dole 변법으로 효소활성을 측정하였다. 2) Histamine 유리반응 ; Rat복강으로부터 정제한 비만세포를 항원-항체 복합체로 자극하거나, $A_{23187}$등의 처리로 유리되는 histamine 을 methylation 시킨 후 유기용매법으로 추출한 후 scintillation counter로 측정하였다. 결과 : \circled1 천연물로부터 분리한 5종의 biflavonoid (amentoflavone 및 그 유도체)의 PLA$_2$ 저해 활성을 검토한 결과 거의 유사한 IC50 (약 3$\mu\textrm{m}$)을 나타내었다. \circled2 이들 중 amentoflavone은 염증성 PLA$_2$(Group II형 PLA$_2$)에 비교적 특이성을 나타내었다. 또한 제해양식은 비경쟁적 이면서 비가역적이였다. \circled3 비만세포에서 histamine 유리 억제반응은 자극제의 종류에 관계없이 억제작용을 나타내었으며, 기존에 임상적으로 사용되고 있는 Tranilast나 DSCG(disodium chromoglycate)에 비하여 10배 이상 강한 histamine 유리 억제작용을 나타내었다.다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2009

This paper presents the experimental study to analyze the pressure and production behavior using depressurization and thermal methods in order to evaluate the hydrate productivity in the 2-D multi-well, plate-type apparatus which has 80 md permeability and 30% hydrate saturation. Injecting methane gas through multi-well allowed to set up the highly saturated hydrate system and combining two different sorts of sands made possible to build up the low permeability system. In this system, both depressurization and electric stimulation methods were applied. When operating pressure was low, according to the depressurization experiments results, the gas recovery was high, however strong pulses which appeared at initial stage of production would damage the operation system. Moreover, cases that hydrate reformed have occurred by endothermic reaction. We have conducted experiments four and six times for the depressurization magnitudes of 140 psi and 320 psi, respectively, to analyze production behavior for the method more in detail. For the cases that the depressurization magnitude was set as 140 psi, the unstable period appears in the results, but stabilized soon. In the experiment results for 320 psi the discontinuous and intermittent behavior has been observed. Thermal stimulation experiments was conducted with depressurizing 80 psi which is the case that shows stable behavior and low recovery. In the results, the gas recovery was high and the energy efficiency was low for long stimulating time. The energy efficiency and gas recovery increased for the soaking time of 1 minute after 2 minute-preheating. In the cases of which the soaking time exceeds 1 minute, energy loss by long soaking time caused low gas recovery and poor energy efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean society of biological therapies in psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2018

목 적 : 본 연구의 목적은 치료저항성 뚜렛장애를 가진 소아 청소년들에 대해서 보조운동영역을 표적으로 한 저빈도 반복적 경두개자기자극술의 효과를 평가하는 것이다. 방 법 : 이 연구는 미국정신의학회 진단기준 및 통계편람, 제 4판을 기준으로 뚜렛장애로 진단받은 10명의 소아 청소년(평균연령 $12.56{\pm}1.04$세)을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 참가자들은 1년 이상 지속적으로 충분한 용량의 약물치료를 받았음에도 불구하고 한국판 예일 틱 증상 평가척도(YGTSS) 20점 이상, 임상인상척도(CGI-TS) 4점 이상을 받았다. 참가자들은 보조운동영역을 표적으로 1 Hz 반복적 경두개자기자극 치료를 매일 20분간 받았으며, 총 20회 치료를 받았다. YGTSS, CGI-TS 및 이상반응 체크리스트는 연구 시작 전과 연구 시작 후 4, 8, 12주에 시행되었다. 결 과 : 틱 증상은 연구 12주차까지 호전된 상태로 지속되었으며, YGTSS와 CGI-TS가 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 특히 음성 틱 점수의 감소가 운동 틱 점수의 변화보다 전체 YGTSS 점수의 감소에 큰 역할을 한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 전체 10명의 참가자 중 9명이 심각한 부작용 없이 연구를 끝까지 완료하였다. 결 론 : 본 연구는 보조운동영역을 표적으로 한 저빈도 반복적 경두개자기자극술이 치료 저항성 뚜렛장애를 가진 소아 청소년들에게 효과적이고 안전한 치료도구가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 이러한 반복적 경두개자기자극술의 치료효과를 확정하기 위해서는 보다 많은 환자를 대상으로 한 잘 통제된 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.605-608
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• 2000

혼동 행렬 (confusion matrix)은 자극 또는 인식대상(데이터)에 대한 반응을 데이터화함으로써 인식대상(데이터)의 특성분석을 통하여 복잡한 시스템을 효율적으로 통제, 관리하기 위한 분석기법에 사용된다. 클러스터링은 인식 시스템을 위한 기법으로서 다양한 분야에서 널리 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 혼동 행렬을 이용한 최적화 모델을 통하여 클러스터링(Clustering) 문제의 새로운 접근법을 제시한다. 최근 수리 계획 분야에서 클러스터링 분야에 대한 연구가 계속되고 있는데 그러한 수리 모델과 혼동 행렬을 접목하여 새로운 모델을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.333-334
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• 2001

대기 중 포름 알데하이드 연구의 중요한 이유는 인체에 대한 악영향을 끼치는 화합물이라는 점과 대기 중 거의 모든 유기화합물들의 광산화 반응 1차 생성물인 카르보닐 화합물 가운데 가장 풍부하게 존재하고 라디칼의 중요한 기원자로 작용하기 때문이다. 인체에 대한 악영향의 현상으로는 눈, 코, 목을 자극하고 기관지 천식, 피부 알레르기를 유발시키는 것으로 나타나고 최근에는 동물과 인간의 발암물질로도 확인되어지고 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.86-86
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• 1996

amine 전구물질을 흡수하며 신경분비과립을 함유하고 있는 것으로 밝혀진 neuroendocrine cell의 후두상피 내에서의 구조와 분포를 알기 위하여 고양이 후두 상피조직을 이용, 면역조직화학적 염색법으로 관찰하였다. neuroendocrine cell은 방추체 모양이었으며 후두강쪽의 첨부돌기는 미세돌기를 갖고 있었으며 기저막에 접하고 있는 세포질돌기에는 많은 수의 농심과립을 함유하고 있었다. neuroendocrine cell은 calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, 5-hydroxytryptamine들 함유하고 있었으며 protein gene product 9.5, neuron-specific enolase에 면역양성반응을 보였으며 성문하부에 가장 많이 분포하고 있었다. 이로 미루어 neuroendocrine cell은 고양이 성대에서 어떤 자극을 받으면 다양한 펩티드를 분비하여 내분비 혹은 paracrine 경로를 통하여 후두 기능 조절에 관여한다고 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.10
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• pp.1096-1101
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• 2008

Purpose : Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) have genetic mutations in a component of the NADPH oxidase enzyme that is necessary for the generation of the superoxide anion. The profound defect in innate immunity is reflected by the patients susceptibility to catalase-positive bacteria and fungi. In addition, CGD patients display signs of persistent inflammation, which is not associated only with deficient superoxide anion production. The aim of this study was to elucidate the cytokine responses in CGD patients after $TNF-{\alpha}$ stimulation. Methods : Heparinized blood samples were collected from 8 CGD patients and 10 healthy volunteers. Monocytes ($1{\times}10^6cell/well$) isolated by the magnet cell isolation system were incubated with a constant amount of $TNF-{\alpha}$ (10 ng/mL) at $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. Incubated cells were harvested at 60-min intervals for IL-8 and IL-10 mRNA analysis, and the supernatant was collected at the same intervals to determine IL-8 and IL-10 expression. Monocytes from healthy volunteers were also incubated with antioxidants followed by $TNF-{\alpha}$ stimulation for IL-8 and IL-10 expression. Results : In CGD patients, a high expression of IL-8 together with a significantly higher IL-10 expression than in the healthy controls was seen after $TNF-{\alpha}$ stimulation. Moreover, normal monocytes treated with antioxidants exhibited increased IL-8 responses. Conclusion : The absence of phagocyte-derived reactive oxidants in CGD might be associated with a dysregulated production of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines. Additional research related to reactive oxidants is needed to clarify the role of cytokines in CGD patients.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.257-266
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological reaction to the image of the worship space in the church buildings and to quantify its contribution of the stimulation elements causing such reaction, and finally to suggest basic data for realizing emotional worship space of the church architecture. For this, 143 christians were surveyed to analyze the relationship between 23 emotional expressions extracted from the worship space and 32 images of the worship space. The combined data was described with the two dimensional dispersion using the quantification theory III. The analysis found out that 'simplicity-complexity' of the image consisted of the horizontal axis (the x-axis) and 'creativity' of the image the vertical axis(the y-axis). In addition, to extract the causal relationship between the value of emotional reaction and its stimulation elements quantitatively, the author indicated 4 emotional word groups such as simple, sublime for x-axis and typical creative for y-axis based on its similarity by the cluster analysis, The quantification theory I was also used with total value of equivalent emotional words as the standard variance and the emotional stimulation elements of the worship space as the independent variance. 9 specific examples of the emotional stimulation elements were selected including colors and shapes of the wall and the ceiling, shapes and finish of the floor materials, window shapes, and the use of the symbolic elements. Furthermore, 31 subcategories were also chosen to analyse their contribution on the emotional reaction. As a result, the color and finish of the wall found to be the most effective element on the subjects' emotional reaction, while the symbolic elements and the color of the wall found to be the least effective. It is estimated that the present study would be helpful to increase the emotional satisfaction of the users and to approach a spatial design through satisfying the types and purposes of the space.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.683-693
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• 1993

Background: During movement the major inputs to nervous system come from firstly the muscle and joint to maintain posture and motion and secondly the chemoreceptors and baroreceptors to adjust the cardiovascular and respiratory function. Their complex relationships are generally studied for many years but the direct relation between the joint and respiratory system is not studied thoroughly until now. So this experiment was performed to determine whether the natural movement of knee joint can cause the enhancement of respiratory function by observation of the changes of respiratory rate, phrenic nerve activity and inspiratory neuron activity during the stimulation of knee joint in cat anesthetized with $\alpha$-chloralose. Method: Twenty six male adult cats were used and the extracelluar recording using bipolar platinum electrode and carbon filament electrode was done to record the changes in the activities of phrenic nerve and inspiratory neuron movement of knee joint, injection of chemicals into the joint cavity and electrical stimulation of articular nerve were done. Results: The 60 Hz. could not but 120 Hz. flexion-extension movement of knee joint increased respiratory rate(R.R.), tidal neural activity(TNA) and minute neural activity(MNA). Intra-articular injection of lactate could not increase R.R. but significantly increase TNA and MNA which represented the enhanced respiratory function. Injection of potassium chloride showed similar effects with the case of lactate but the duration of effect was shorter. The electrical stimulation of medial articular nerve with IV strength which could activate only group I and II afferents showed increased TNA and MNA during stimulation but 20 V stimulation which could activate all the afferents increased all the respiratory parameters. The changes of inspiratory neuron activity by knee joint stimulation was similar to that of phrenic nerve. Conclusion: The respiratory center could be directly stimulated by the activation of group I and II articular afferents and it seemed that the magnitude of the respiratory center enhancement is proportional to the amount of sensory information from the knee joint. These facts might suggest that the respiratory function could be enhanced even by the normal movement of knee joint.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.195-205
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• 2013

The analysis of electroencephalographic signal associated with the attention is essential for the understanding of human cognition. In this paper, the characteristic differences between the attention and inattention status in the brain were inspected by nonlinear analysis. The recurrence quantification analysis was applied to the relatively small number of samples of evoked potential having time varying characteristics, where the recurrence plot (RP), the color recurrence plot (CRP), and mean and time-sequential trend parameters were extracted. The dimension and the time delay in phase transformation can be determined by the paired set of extracted parameters. It is observed from RP, CRP, and parameters that the brain dynamics in attention is more complex than that in the inattention, as well as the synchronized brain response is stable in the mean sense but locally time varying. It is feasible that the non-linear analysis method can be useful for the analysis of complex brain dynamics associated during visual attentional task.