• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.541-550
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• 2010

The present study examined whether the physical similarity of test stimuli affects P300 amplitude and detection accuracy for the P300-based concealed information test (P300 CIT). As the participant pretended suffering from memory impairment by an accident, own name was used as a concealed information to be probed by the P300 CIT in which the participant discriminated between a target and other (probe, irrelevant) stimuli. One group of participants was tested in the easy task condition with low physical similarity among stimuli, the other group was tested in the difficult task condition with high physical similarity among stimuli. Using the base-to-peak P300 amplitude, the interaction effect of task difficulty and stimulus type was significant at $\alpha$=.1 level (p=.052). In the easy task condition the difference of P300 amplitude between the probe and the irrelevant stimuli was significant, while in the difficult task condition the difference was not significant. Using peak-to-peak P300 amplitude, on the other hand, the interaction effect of task difficulty and stimulus type was not significant with significant differences of P300 amplitude between the probe and the irrelevant stimuli in both task difficulty conditions. The difference of detection accuracy between task conditions was not significant with both measures of P300 amplitude although the difference was much smaller when peak-to-peak P300 amplitude was used. The results suggest that the efficiency of P300 CIT would not decrease even when the perceptual similarity among test stimuli is high.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.225-248
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• 2012

The summed-similarity model of visual short-term recognition proposes that the estimated amount of summed similarity between remembered items and a recognition probe determines recognition judgement decision (Kahan & Sekuler, 2002). This study examined the effect of a task-irrelevant location change on the recognition decision against two remembered Gabor gratings differing in their spatial frequencies. On each trial in Experiment, participants reported if two gratings displayed across the visual fields are the same or not as the probe grating displayed after about a second of memory delay. The probe grating would be the same as or different from the memory items (lure) by 1 or 4 JND units. The location of the probe would also vary randomly across the left and right visual field with respect to the location of the corresponding memory item. The participants were instructed to perform their recognition task exclusively to the spatial frequencies of the memory items and the probe while ignoring the potential location change of the probe. The results showed that false-recognition rates of the lure probe increased as the summed similarity between the memory items and the probe increased. The rates also further increased in the condition where the probe location was different from the location of the corresponding memory item compared to the condition where the probe location was the same. The increased false-recognition rates indicate that information stored into visual short-term memory is represented as a form of well-bound visual features rather than independent features.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.3-14
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• 2023

This study used intersubject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA) to identify participant-response consistency patterns in previously published data. Additionally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to detect any variations in the conditions of each experiment. In each experiment, a combination of ASMR stimulation, visual and auditory stimuli, and time-series emotional video stimulation was employed, and emotional ratings and physiological measurements were collected in accordance with the respective experimental conditions. Every pair of participants' measurements for each stimulus in each experiment was correlated using Pearson correlation coefficient as part of the IS-RSA. The results of study revealed a consistent response pattern among participants exposed to ASMR, visual, and auditory stimuli, in contrast to those exposed to time-series emotional video stimulation. Notably, the ASMR experiment demonstrated a high level of response consistency among participants in positive conditions. Furthermore, both auditory and visual experiments exhibited remarkable consistency in participants' responses, especially when subjected to high arousal levels and visual stimulation. The findings of this study confirm that IS-RSA serves as a valuable tool for summarizing and presenting multidimensional data information. Within the scope of this study, IS-RSA emerged as a reliable method for analyzing multidimensional data, effectively capturing and presenting comprehensive information pertaining to the participants.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.114-122
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• 1996

그림자극의 명명에 있어서 이름의 의미유사성, 음운유사성, 그리고 처리부담(말속도, 기억 부담)이 말 실수 오류수와 명명 시간에 주는 영향을 알기 위해 2개의 실험이 실시되었다. 의미(유사/상이), 음운(유사/상이) 변인에 추가하여 실험 1에서는 말속도(330ms, 385ms, 770ms)의 변인이, 실험 2에서는 인지적 부담(높음/낮음)의 변인이 조작되었다. 두 실험의 결과, 의미유사성과 음운유사성, 그리고 인지적 처리 부담이 말 실수의 양과 그림자극 명명 시간이 증가시킴이 드러났다. '의미유사' 조건 및 '음운유사 조건'과 '의미-음운 모두 유사' 조건간의 말실수의 양의 차이는 말 산출 과정에서의 어휘 인출 과정에 대한 '독립적 2단계 모형'과 '활성화 상호작용 모형' 중 전자에 의해 더 잘 설명될 수 있음이 논의되었다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.71-80
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• 2021

Previous studies using facial expressions have revealed valence and arousal as two core dimensions of affective space. However, it remains unknown if the two dimensional structure is consistent across ages. This study investigated affective dimensions using six facial expressions (angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, neutral, and sad) at three ages (young, middle-aged, and old). Several studies previously required participants to directly rate subjective similarity between facial expression pairs. In this study, we collected indirect measures by asking participants to decide if a pair of two stimuli conveyed the same emotions. Multidimensional scaling showed that "angry-disgusted" and "sad-disgusted" pairs are similar at all three ages. In addition, "angry-sad," "angry-neutral," "neutral-sad," and "disgusted-fearful" pairs were similar at old age. When two faces in a pair reflect the same emotion, "sad" was the most inaccurate in old age, suggesting that the ability to recognize "sad" decreases with old age. This study suggested that the general two-core dimension structure is robust across all age groups with the exception of specific emotions.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.15-28
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• 2023

This study examined the affective representation and response consistency among individuals using affective videos, a naturalistic stimulus inducing emotional experiences most similar to those in daily life. In this study, multidimensional scaling was conducted to investigate whether the various affective representations induced through video stimuli are located in the core affect dimensions. A cross-participant classification analysis was also performed to verify whether the video stimuli are well classified. Additionally, the newly developed intersubject correlation analysis was conducted to assess the consistency of affective representations across participant responses. Multidimensional scaling revealed that the video stimuli are represented well in the valence dimension, partially supporting Russell (1980)'s core affect theory. The classification results showed that affective conditions were successfully classified across participant responses. Moreover, the intersubject correlation analysis showed that the consistency of affective representations to video stimuli differed with respect to the condition. This study suggests that the affective representations and consistency of individual responses to affective videos varied across different affective conditions.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.50-57
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• 2009

In this paper, a deep-heating stimulation system and protocol were designed to substitute the heat effect of moxibustion. Moxibustion is used to increase immunity and cure disease. But, it is difficult to control power of heat stimulation. A designed deep-heating stimulation system using Radio-Frequency(RF) is easy to control power of heat stimulation. Also, the stimulation protocol for substitution of the heat effect of moxibustion is proposed. Core temperature was applied to infrared camera, thermometer, and infrared sensor, and then was compared with that of moxibustion. The proposed system showed that it is more effective than moxibustion in transferring heat effect in such a deep part. Also, it shows the possibility of usefulness of deep-heating stimulation system and heat stimulation protocol.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1399-1410
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• 2009

It is a method to treat pain using medication, neurotomy, and surgery. And acupuncture, ultrasound, electric treatment, and magnetic treatment are applied as a alternative physiotherapy. Electronic therapy is useful but it can be affected by impedance of skin or subcutaneous tissue. So, percutaneous stimulation is leading therapy, that is very randomly. We developed the system which can stimulate parts of acupuncture point noninvasively using the focused magnetic field. And we designed the magnetic stimulation electrode which is considered efficiency of the magnetic stimulation. It can make similar stimulation with manual acupuncture. To confirm the availability and reliability we compared Meridian Electronic Potential(MEP) change between manual acupuncture and magnetic stimulation. From this result, we found out the MEP changes of manual acupuncture and magnetic stimulation were similar. And there were various response properties as changes of stimulation method, intensity, and frequency. Also, the MEP change can be induced by electromagnetic stimulation. We confirmed that it is possible to use electromagnetic stimulation as a acupoint stimulation or pain treatment instrument.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.sup2
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• pp.371-384
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• 2007

연구 목적 : 면역 반응에서 B-1 세포의 정확한 역할은 아직 명확히 규명되지 않았으나 최근 B-1 세포가 면역의 내성을 야기하고 유지하는데 필요한 특성들을 가지고 있음이 밝혀지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 B-1 세포 유래 단클론 항체의 특성과 항원 자극에 대한 B 세포의 동시자극자 (MHC Class, B7-2, 7-2) 발현을 평가하여 B 세포의 면역조절 기능을 알아보고자 한다. 연구 대상 및 방법 : B-1 세포 유래 단클론 항체를 형성하는 잡종세포주를 이용하여 다양한 내, 외인성 항원에 대한 단클론 항체의 반응 양상을 평가하였다. 여러 내, 외인성 항원으로 면역한 쥐의 복강과 비장 B 세포의 동시자극자의 발현을 Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)을 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과 : 최종적으로 단클론을 형성하는 2개의 클론을 형성하였고, 이 B-1 세포 유래 단클론 항체는 dose-saturable pattern을 띄는 다중 반응성을 나타내었다. FACS를 이용한 동시자극자의 발현 검사에서는 MHC 발현은 복강과 비장의 B 세포가 유사하였으나, B7-1과 7-2는 복강의 B 세포에서 더 뚜렷한 발현을 보여주었다. 결론 : B-1 세포 유래 단클론 항체는 다양한 내, 외인성 항원 자극에 대해 dose-saturable한 다중반응성을 나타낸다. 복강과 비장의 B세포는 내, 외인성 항원의 면역에 있어서 동시자극자 발현이 명확히 다른 양상을 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.275-288
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• 2016

A decision tree analysis was performed by categorizing the idea sketches produced in the group environment into three different levels of visual stimuli ambiguity (vague, ambiguous, and definite) and two idea-sharing situations (before and after). We then examined the predicted values for the creativity of each group's idea sketches, the factors that led to high creativity scores, and their standards. The results of the analyses indicated that the Resistance to Premature Closure, Originality, Elaboration, ness, and Similarity represented important predictors of the creativity of design idea sketches according to the level of ambiguity of the visual stimuli used and whether ideas were shared or not. The group presented with vague stimuli after sharing ideas scored the highest predicted creativity value and the group presented with definite stimuli after sharing ideas scored the lowest predicted creativity value.