• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 1995

Purpose: To evaluate the role of MRI in the management of cervical cancer treated by conventional four-field whole pelvic irradiation. Method and material: Between 1993-march and 1994-february, 20 patients(4 Stage I B, 3 Stage II A, 13 Stage II B) with invasive cervical cancer were eligible for evaluation of accuracy of conventionally designed lateral treatment field without MRI determination. Results: 5 out of 20 Patients had inadequate margin without MRI. The position of uterine fundus was more important than cervix in correction of field size and the center of treatment field. Conclusion: This Preliminary data show MRI determination of uterine position prior to radiotherapy planning is essential in the case of four-field whole pelvic irradiation technique.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2010

A complete septate uterus with cervical duplication and a longitudinal vaginal septum is a rare uterine malformation. The dissection of the septum can be difficult because it is difficult for hysteroscopists to find out initial point, direction and final point of a complete septum. This study aimed the introduction of more efficient surgical procedure using a balloon with methylene blue. We have experienced three cases with a complete septate uterus. We performed hysteroscopic dissection of a complete uterine septum using a balloon with methylene blue and obtained good reproductive outcomes. So we report three cases with a brief review of literatures.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 1989

Clinical estimation of bladder and rectal doses from high dose rate intracavitary irradiation in carcinoma of the cervix uteri has been initiated on a routine basis in an effort to obtain the optimum radiotherapeutic dose. Simulation films with contrast media are used to image the bladder and rectum, and dose rates are estimated at various interesting points with the aid of treatment planning computer, NEC Therac-2300. Fifty-three patients have been reviewed in order to ascertain the correlation between radiation dose at interesting points in the bladder and rectum and the dose at Point A and B. The dose ratio between doses at Point A 'and interesting points is an important clinical factor in evaluating the treatment planning. This also serves as documentation of the dose to normal structures within the treatment volume. Authors conclude that obtained data are within acceptable ranges and routine simulation films of the bladder and rectum after administration of contrast media with dose calculations at interesting points provide important information for optimizing radiotherapy planning in the treatment of cervical carcinoma without increased time and effort or patient's discomfort.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of various factors on preterm labor symptoms (PLS) and preterm birth (PB). Methods: This prospective cohort study included 193 women in the second stage of pregnancy. Multiple characteristics including body mass index (BMI), smoking, and pregnancy complications were collected through a self-report questionnaire. Pregnancy stress and PLS were each measured with a related scale. Cervical length and birth outcome were evaluated from medical charts. Multiple regression was used to predict PLS and logistic regression was used to predict PB. Results: Multiple regression showed smoking experience, pregnancy complications and pregnancy specific stress were predictors of PLS and accounted for 19.2% of the total variation. Logistic regression showed predictors of PB to be twins (OR=13.68, CI=3.72~50.33, p<.001), shorter cervix (<25mm) (OR=5.63, CI=1.29~24.54, p<.05), BMI >25 ($kg/m^2$) (OR=3.50, CI=1.35~9.04, p<.01) and a previous PB (OR=4.15, CI=1.07~16.03, p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the multiple factors affect stage II pregnant women can result in PLS or PB. And preterm labor may predict PB. These findings highlight differences in predicting variables for pretrm labor and for PB. Future research is needed to develop a screening tool to predict the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2006

Puroose: This study evaluated the late rectal complications in cervix cancer patients following treatment with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and high dose rate intracavitary radiation (HDR ICR). The factors affecting the risk of developing late rectal complications and its incidence were analyzed and discussed. Materials and Methods: The records of 105 patients with cervix cancer who were treated with radical radiotherapy using HDR ICR between July, 1995 and December, 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. The median dose of EBRT was 50.4Gy $(41.4{\sim}56.4 Gy)$ with a daily fraction size of 1.8Gy. A total of $5{\sim}7$ (median: 6) fractions of HDR ICR were given twice weekly with a fraction size of $4{\sim}5 Gy$ (median: 4Gy) to A point using an Ir (Iridium)-192 source. The median dose of ICR was 24 Gy $(20{\sim}35 Gy)$. During HDR ICR, the rectal dose was measured in vivo by a semiconductor dosimeter. The median follow-up period was 32 months, ranging from 5 to 84 months. Results: Of the 105 patients, 12 patients (11%) developed late rectal complications: 7 patients with grade 1 or 2, 4 patients with grade 3 and 1 patient with grade 4. Rectal bleeding was the most frequent chief complaint. The complications usually began to occur $5{\sim}32$ (median: 12) months after the completion of radiotherapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that the measured cumulative rectal BED over 115 Gy3 (Deq over 69 Gy) and the depth (D) of a 5 Gy isodose volume more than 50 mm were the independent predictors for late rectal complications. Conclusion: With evaluating the cumulative rectal BED and the depth of a 5 Gy isodose volume as predictors, we can individualize treatment planning to reduce the probability of late rectal complications.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.379-385
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• 2009

Tetragomphius procyonis Baylis & Daubney, 1923 were obtained from the pancreatic duct of a naturally infected Eurasian badger, Meles meles, which was submitted to animal hospital for parasitic diagnosis from Gyeryongsan National Park in Korea. The hookworms were examined by light and scanning electron microscope. The length of body measured male 15.0-18.8 mm, female 21.5-25.5 mm, respectively. In both sex, the ventral cutting plates of oral margin are much reduced and elongated latero-dorsally, the dorsal cutting plate is located long follow doral margin of the oral opening. The buccal capsule is cup-shaped and thicken with four cusped tooth at its base. The copulatory bursa has elongated ventral lobes and their large rays are parallel, while the dorsal lobe with its supporting rays is slightly split in two. The slender spicules are filariform and very long (8.7-9.3 mm), and their tips are fused together. The hookworm has following characters: dorsal cone on the both sex, gubernaculum on the male and terminal spine on the female tail absent; vulva is opening in the juction of the fourths and fifths of the body; dorsal ray with two long stems. The eggs from the uterus are 16 cell stages and those from the rectal feces, 32 cell stages. The size of eggs is 77.48-83.45 ${\times}$ 50.75-63.38 ${\mu}m$.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.377-386
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• 1994

Purpose: The role of radiotherapy in the management of patients with locoregional recurrent cervix cancer after radical surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Methods and materials: Twenty-eight patients treated with radiotherapy for locoregional recurrence after primary surgery for carcinoma of the cervix between 1989 and 1993 were analyzed. The median follow-up of survivors was 15 months (ranged 7-43 months). Eight patients had their disease confined to the vagina and 19 patients($68\%$) had pelvic mass as part of their locoregional recurrent disease. Within 24 months after the initial surgery, $82\%$ of recurrences manifested themselves. All patients had whole pelvic irradiation with or without intracavitary radiotherapy(ICR). Results: Complete response(CR) was achieved in 18 patients($54\%$). Five of eighteen patients($28\%$) with initial CR developed second locoregional recurrence. Response to radiotherapy correlated strongly with tumor volume, site of recurrence and total radiation dose. The overall 2 year survival rate was $43\%$ and the disease free survival was $31\%$. Survival rate was significantly influenced by the factors of interval from operation to recurrence, size and site of recurrent tumor, radiation dose, response of radiotherapy, lymph node status as initial presentation, The principal cause of death was lung metastasis($36\%$). Conclusion: Radiotherapy is an excellent modality for control of locoregional recurrent cervix cancer. To improve local control and survival rate, whole pelvic external radiotherapy in addition to ICR with more than 75.0Gy at the depth of 1.0cm from vaginal mucosa is needed and frequent follow up and early detection of recurrence is suggested as well.