• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2019

Phosphorus is a vital resource for sustaining agriculture and nutrition, but a limited non-renewable resource. Thus, the recovery of phosphorus from waste activated sludge(WAS) was attempted by microwave heating and magnesium ammonium phosphorus(MAP) crystallization. Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs) in WAS release phosphate from the cell when they are exposed to high temperature environments. Microwave heating caused phosphorus and ammonia to release from WAS. The amount was increased with increasing temperature, showing that 88.5% of polyphosphate present in the cells were released in the form of phosphate at $80^{\circ}C$. A similar result was also observed in the release of ammonia. On the other hand, both phosphorus and ammonia were crystallized with magnesium, and then was harvested as MAP. Phosphorus recovery rate reached almost 97.8%, but the ammonia was about 13.4%. These results cleary indicate that phosphorus could be recovered from WAS using a physiological trait of PAOs. Heavy metal analyses also show that the MAP crystal is useful and safe as a phosphorus fertilizer.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.1379-1386
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• 2018

양식장에서 사용되는 기존의 수중 카메라는 제한된 구역만 촬영할 수 있으며, 수중 오염으로 인해 훼손되기 쉽다. 또한 양식장 그물망에 사료 공급에 따른 잉여 찌꺼기가 퇴적되어 양식장을 오염시키는 문제점이 있다. 이에 본 논문은 양식장 수중 모니터링과 그물망 청소를 위한 수중 드론을 제안한다. 수중 드론을 이용한다면 수중 영상 촬영, 모니터링과 양식장 그물망 청소가 가능하다. 이를 활용하면 양식장 환경 변화를 감지해 데이터를 수집할 수 있고 그 데이터를 기반으로 양식장 내에서 발생하는 변화에 대응할 수 있다. 더불어 통합관제 시스템을 구축하게 되면 이를 통해 효율적이고 안정적인 스마트 양식장 구축이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.679-681
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• 2014

에너지저장시스템(Energy Stroage System, ESS)은 잉여 전력과 에너지를 필요한 시점에 적절하게 공급할 수 있도록 에너지를 저장해두는 기술로 전기에너지의 픔질 및 효율성을 극대할 수 있는 에너지 활용 시스템이다. 미국을 비롯한 유럽 선진국들은 다양한 ESS 관련 제도정비 및 개선을 통해 ESS 산업의 활성화를 유도하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우, 신재생에너지 확대 정책을 수립하고 에너지 저장기술을 그린에너지 분야의 주요 핵심과제 선정하여 체계적인 육성전략을 추진 중에 있다. 그러나, ESS 도입 및 활성화를 위한 법제도적 기반이 마련되어 있지 않고, ESS도입에 대한 경제적 효과성에 대한 객관적인 기준이 없어, ESS의 보급 및 활성화가 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는, ESS의 보급과 활성화를 위해 효과적으로 ESS의 경제성 분석하기 위한 기법을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 세부적으로는 전기요금 산정방식에 따라 ESS의 운영모형을 정의하고, 운영모형별 경제성을 분석하기 위한 기법을 제시한다. 그리고, 실제 데이터를 활용하여 ESS로 절감할 수 있는 피크 크기를 구할 수 있는 알고리즘을 구현한다. 또한, 저감 피크와 온도, 습도에 대한 회귀 분석을 통하여 최대저감피크를 예측할 수 있는 해법을 제시한다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.769-781
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• 2021

Given data about the annual fishery yield of the common squid Todarodes pacificus, and the catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) data from multiple fisheries from 2000-2018, we applied a Bayesian state - space assessment model for the squid population. One of our objectives was to do a stock assessment, simultaneously incorporating CPUE data from the following three fisheries, (i) large trawl, (ii) jigger, and (iii) large purse seine, which comprised on average a year about 65% of all fisheries, allowing possible correlations to be reflected. Other objectives were to consider both observation and process errors and to apply objective priors of parameters. The estimated annual exploitable biomass was in the range of 3.50×10⁵ to 1.22×10⁶ MT, the estimated intrinsic growth rate was 1.02, and the estimated carrying capacity was 1,151,259 MT. Comparison with available results from stock assessment of independently analyzed single fisheries revealed a large difference from the estimated values, suggesting that stock assessment based on multiple fisheries should be performed.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제25권
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• pp.7-33
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• 2011

In this paper we attempt to read a film by Haejoon LEE entitled 'Castaway on the moon' from the Bauman's modernity perspective that draws our attention to uncomfortable problems relative to wastes and wasted lifes in the global consumer society we all live in. The so-called consumer society is a post-modern society designed according to the following two criteria: on the one hand, beauty and ugliness and on the other hand, competence and incompetence. Classified as ugly as well as incompetent in this society, the two heros in this film are condemned to live their lifes isolated. Miss Kim is confined to her small room while Mr. Kim is exiled to an uninhabited island called 'Bamsum' in the Han River. In these spaces, neither inside nor outside, they perform what we would like to call 'surplus act', using wastes at their disposal. In this paper we ask ourselves whether or not this act is able to challenge the two criteria and the solidarity of the two wasted lifes can bring about change in the consumer oriented society. As well as Bauman, Agamben will help us approach this question from a theoretical point of view.

• 한국폐기물자원순환학회지
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.701-708
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• 2018

Chemical batch tests were conducted to investigate the amount of nutrients that were released from the wasted activated sludge during microwave heating. For this study, three types of activated sludge were obtained from $A_2/O$, MLE and oxidation ditch (OD) processes. Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in the activated sludge have a unique trait: they releases phosphate from the cell when they are exposed to high temperatures. The sludge obtained from the $A_2/O$ process released the largest amount of phosphate, followed by those from the MLE and OD processes. The release of phosphate increased with increasing polyphosphate content in the sludge under strongly alkaline or acidic conditions. Furthermore, ammonia and heavy metals were released with phosphorous. The largest amount of ammonia was observed from the sludge obtained from the MLE process. The release of heavy metals strongly depends on the pH conditions. Therefore, the chemical analysis results strongly suggest that both phosphorus and ammonia react with $Mg^{2+}$ or $Ca^{2+}$ to form metal complexes such as magnesium ammonium phosphate or hydroxyapatite under alkaline conditions.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2022

This study aimed to develop solutions for the intermittent performance deterioration of self-propelled spinach harvesters through analysis model. The study was conducted in the following manner. First, changes in performance deterioration and surplus flow, which result from oil temperature changes, were analyzed by simulating actual sequential harvesting movements, which involve driving with actuators operated simultaneously, by analysis model developed in a previous study. Second, fundamental solutions for surplus flow problems were presented. Third, the solutions were applied to a virtual environment to present their practicality and quantitative effects. The two solutions based on the study results were as follows. First, a closed center-type directional control valve was applied to the hydraulic circuit. Second, an unloading system was set up through an on-off solenoid valve.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.155-166
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• 1999

The construction of the coastal structures and reclamation work causes the circulation reduced in the semi-closed inner water area and the unbalanced sediment budget of beach results in an alteration of beach topography. Among the various fluid motions in the nearshore zone water particle motion due to wave and wave-induced currents are the most responsible for sediment movement. Therefore it is needed to predict the effect of the environmental change because of development and so the prediction of wave transformation dose. The purpose of this study is to introduce the relation between waves wave-induced currents and sediment movement. In this study we will show numerical method using energy conservation equation involving reflection diffraction and reflection and the surfzone energy dissipation term due to wave breaking is included in the basic equation. For the wave-induced current the momentum equation was combined with radiation stresses lateral mixing and friction Various information is required in the prediction of wave-induced current depending on the prediction tool. We can predict changes in wave-induced current from the distribution of wave especially near the wave breaking zone. To evaluate these quantities we have to know the local condition of waves mean sea level and so on. The results from the wave field and wave-induced current field deformation models are used as input data of the sediment transport and bottom change model. Numerical model were established by a finite difference method then were applied to the development plan of the eastern Pusan coastal zone Yeonhwa-ri and Daebyun fishing port. We represented the result with 2-D graphics and made comparison between before and after development.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2009

결과 검증은 데스크톱 그리드 환경에서 불특정 자원들에 의해 수행된 작업 결과의 정확성을 보장하는데 필수적이다. 전형적으로 투표기반 기법과 믿음기반의 기법이 데스크톱 그리드 환경에서 사용되어 왔지만, 이들 기법은 작업의 잉여 중복에 의한 자원 낭비와 동적 환경의 비적응성에 의한 반환 시간의 증가 문제를 갖고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 자원의 믿음 정도와 결과 반환 확률을 이용하여 적응적으로 작업 복제 개수를 결정할 수 있는 퍼지 추론 기반의 복제 기법을 제안한다. 따라서, 제안 기법은 동적 연산 환경의 적절한 대처를 통해 작업 복제 개수를 결정함으로써 자원 낭비를 줄여주고 전체 작업의 반환 시간을 향상시킨다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안 기법이 반환 시간, 자원 낭비, 작업의 재복제 횟수의 관점에서 우수함을 보여준다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2012

H.264/AVC는 부호화되는 잉여 데이터의 유형에 따라 3개의 변환을 사용할 수 있다. $4{\times}4$ DCT 변환은 항상 수행되며, $16{\times}16$ 인트라 모드인 경우에는 추가적으로 휘도 DC 계수에는 $4{\times}4$ 하다마드 변환을 수행하고, 색체 DC 계수에는 $2{\times}2$ 하다마드 변환을 수행한다. 변환 코딩을 완료한 이후에 한층 더한 데이터 압축을 위해 양자화가 수행된다. 본 논문에서는 H.264/AVC에 중요한 역할을 하는 DCT 변환, 하다마드 변환 및 양자화에 대한 하드웨어적인 구현에 대해 연구하였다. 특히 파이프라인 기법을 적용하여 33클럭의 대기지연시간 이후에는 매 클럭 당 1개의 양자화된 결과를 출력할 수 있는 아키텍쳐를 제안하였다. 제안한 아키텍쳐는 Verilog HDL로 코딩되고, Xilinx 7.1i ISE툴을 사용하여 합성하고 검증하였다. 합성 결과 SPARTAN3S-1000 디바이스에서 동작 주파수는 106MHz이다. $1920{\times}1080$ HD 영상 프레임의 경우 최대 33프레임을 처리할 수 있다.