• Title/Summary/Keyword: 입자상 오염물질

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Decomposition of BTEX by Gas-phase Photo Reactor (기상광반응기를 이용한 BTEX의 분해)

  • Lee, Nam-Hui;Lee, Gang;Hwang, Du-Seon;Kim, Se-Gi;Kim, Seon-Jae
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2003.03a
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    • pp.77-77
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    • 2003
  • 산업화에 따라 각종 산업분야에서 유기 용제의 사용이 증가하게 되었고 대기오염, 수질오염 등의 상태가 심각해져가고 있는 실정이다 그러나 다양해진 오염물질을 처리하는 데 있어서 기존의 산화처리방법은 한계에 달하였고 새로운 처리공정으로 최근 고급산화법(AOP : Advanced Oxidation Process)에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대기환경 및 인체에 심각한 영향을 주는 VOCs(Voletail Organic compounds)중 BTEX(Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene)를 다양한 형태의 광촉매제를 이용하여 기상 광분해한 후 이에 대한 최적의 분해 조건과 분해율을 비교하고자 하였다. 순환식의 자체 제작한 기상광반응장치를 이용하여, CVD법으로 TiO$_2$ 입자를 알루미나 비드위에 코팅한 볼과 같은 방법으로 유리기판위에 코팅한 판상의 광촉매제 그리고 결정성이 각기 다른 루틸상과 아나타제 그리고 아나타제/루틸 혼합상의 TiO$_2$ 분말을 직접 이용하여 VOCs 농도와 종류, 광원의 종류 및 세기를 변화시켜 PID(Photo ionization Detector)방식의 순환식 VOCs 측정기를 이용하여 광분해율을 실시간으로 측정하였다.

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A Case Study Stormwater Treatment by Channel-Type Wetland Constructed on the Flood Plane of the Stream (하천 고수부지에 설치한 수로형 인공습지에 의한 강우 유출수 처리에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Piljoo;Han, Euilyung;Kim, Youngchul
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.80-89
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    • 2017
  • Researches about NPS(Non-point Pollution Source) reduction have been widely carried out in recent years. A pilot channel-type constructed wetland (wet swale) was constructed in Rongyin area to treat stormwater generated from a green house agro-land of 22.7 ha. From 2006 to 2008, monitoring was conducted to evaluate its performance on the removal effect for organic pollutants as well as nutrients. Totally, sampling trips of 17 rainfall events were made and they covered most types of storm events in Korea. The channel-type constructed wetland have average removal efficiencies of 78.3~92.0%, 56.4~66.1%, 28.2~45.5% and 50.6~66.4% for SS, COD, TN and TP, respectively. According to four methods for estimating the removal efficiency, the average efficiencies of TSS, COD, TN and TP are 86.0%, 60.1%, 30.1% and 53.5%, respectively. From 2006 to 2008, annual efficiency improved due to infiltration potential increase. It was found that most of the pollutants removed in this channel type of wetland was particulate solids bound pollutants, which is assumed fact that it lacks of physico-chemical treatment conditions which are commonly observed in the retention type of constructed wetlands.

Determination of Heavy Metal Unit Load from Transportation Landuses during a Storm (교통 관련 토지이용에서의 중금속 오염원단위 산정)

  • Kim, Cheol-Min;Lee, So-Young;Lee, Eun-Ju;Kim, Lee-Hyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.8 no.6
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    • pp.155-160
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    • 2008
  • The urban areas have various landuses such as residential, commercial, industrial and official purposes that are highly concerned with human activities. The other landuses are relating to vehicle activities, which are roads, parking lots, bridges, parks etc. The mainly using landuses by human activities are possessing three different areas that are buildings, parking lots/roads and landscapes. Of these areas, the buildings and landscapes can be classified as non-pollution areas. However, the parking lots or roads are classifying as the main pollution areas because of vehicle activities. Therefore, the landuses arising the nonpoint pollution during a storm in urban areas are roads and parking lots. The vehicles are emitting lots of nonpoint pollutants such as metals and particulate matters and it is impacting on water qualities and aqua-ecosystems nearby the city areas. Therefore, this research was conducted for characterizing the pollutant types and determining the EMCs (Event Mean Concentrations) and unit pollutant loads during a storm. The monitoring was performed on 9 locations such as highways, service area, tollgates, parking lot and bridges. All of the landuses selected for monitoring are concerned with transportation. The results can be effectively used to predict the pollutant loading before urban planning and to select the BMPs (Best Management Practices) for reducing the pollution.

Effect of Medium and Small Scale Shipyard Operations on Environmental Pollutions Related with Civil Appeal (중.소규모 조선소 조업이 주요 민원 유발성 환경오염에 미치는 영향)

  • Chung, Jae-Woo;Lee, Myoung-Eun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.30 no.10
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    • pp.1006-1012
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    • 2008
  • The effect of small and medium scale shipyard operations on environmental pollutions related with civil appeal of nearby residential areas was estimated. PM-10(particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 $\mu$m) concentrations were higher, as the sampling sites were nearer from shipyards. PM-10 concentrations of sampling sites closer to shipbuilding companies were higher during the normal operation periods than on vacation at which only small works were done. The larger amount of dry deposition was observed as the sampling sites were closer to shipyards. The odor intensity was highly influenced by ambient temperature. Almost all odor intensities measured by air dilution sensory test went over the emission standard in summer. Odor properties measured by instrumental analysis were observed to exceed the emission standard enforced to the shipyards. Odor compounds such as ammonia, sulfur compounds and trimethylamine went over the standard. Concentrations of styrene and aldehydes were lower than the olfactory threshold. All equivalent sound levels measured at daytime except the value of SP-3 pont were in excess of the environmental standard. Almost all sound levels at nighttime in all measuring sites were higher than the environmental standard. The results of this study shows counterplans need to be established for reducing the civil appeal related pollutions in the research areas.

반도체 세정 공정용 가스 클러스터 장치 내 발생 클러스터 크기 분포에 관한 수치해석적 예측

  • Kim, Ho-Jung;Choe, Hu-Mi;Yun, Deok-Ju;Lee, Jong-U;Gang, Bong-Gyun;Kim, Min-Su;Park, Jin-Gu;Kim, Tae-Seong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2011.02a
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    • pp.40-40
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    • 2011
  • 반도체 소자의 미세화와 더불어 세정공정의 중요성이 차지하는 비중이 점점 커지고, 이에 따라 세정 기술 개발에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 기존 세정 기술은 화학약품 위주의 습식 세정 방식으로 패턴 손상 및 대구경화에 따른 어려움이 있다. 따라서 건식세정 방식이 활발하게 도입되고 있으며 대표적인 것이 에어로졸 세정이다. 에어로졸 세정은 기체상의 작동기체를 이용하여 에어로졸을 형성하고 표면 오염물질과 직접 물리적 충돌을 함으로써 세정한다. 하지만 이 또한 생성되는 에어로졸 내 발생 입자로 인해 패턴 손상이 발생하며 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 대두되는 것이 가스클러스터 세정이다. 가스 클러스터란 작동기체의 분자가 수십에서 수백 개 뭉쳐 있는 형태를 뜻하며 이렇게 형성된 클러스터는 수 nm 크기를 형성하게 된다. 그리고 짧은 시간의 응축에 의해 수십 nm 크기까지 성장하게 된다. 에어로졸 세정과 다르게 클러스터가 성장할 환경과 시간을 형성하지 않음으로써 작은 클러스터를 형성하게 되며 이로 인해 패턴 손상 없이 오염입자를 제거하게 된다. 이러한 가스 클러스터 세정을 최적화하기 위해서는 설계 단계부터 노즐 내부 유동의 수치해석에 기반한 입자 크기 분포를 계산하여 반영하는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 상용 수치해석 프로그램을 이용하여 세정 환경을 조성하는 조건에서의 노즐 내부 유동을 해석하고, 이를 통해 얻어진 수치를 이용하여 aerosol general dynamic equation (GDE)를 계산하여 발생하는 클러스터의 크기 분포를 예측하였다. GDE 계산 시 입자의 크기 분포를 나타내기 위해서는 여러 가지 방법이 존재하나 본 연구에서는 각 입자 크기 노드별 개수 농도를 계산하였다. 노즐 출구에서의 가스 클러스터 크기를 예측하기 위하여 먼저, 노즐 내부 유속 및 온도 분포 변화를 해석하였다. 이를 통하여 온도가 급격하게 낮아져 생성된 클러스터의 효과적 가속 및 에너지 전달이 가능함을 확인할수 있었다. 이에 기반하여 GDE를 이용한 입자 크기를 예측한 결과 수 나노 크기의 초기 클러스터가 형성되어 온도가 낮아짐에 따라 성장하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 최빈값의 분포가 실험적 측정값과 일치하는 경향을 가지는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이는 향후 확장된 영역에서의 유동 해석과 증발 등 세부 요소를 고려한 계산을 통해 가스 클러스터 세정 공정의 최적화된 설계에 도움이 될 것이다.

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Ballast water Treatment using a Multistage Filter (다단 디스크 여과장치를 이용한 선박 밸러스트수 처리)

  • Park, Sang-Ho;Lim, Jae-Dong;Kim, In-Soo
    • Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.79-83
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    • 2006
  • Displayed result that handle particle contaminant and hydrospace organism included in number of ballast that is happened in ship using automatic bade washing filter. Reason that remove first contaminant that is included in number of ballast is that heighten processing effect of after processing process. of the filter. Another advantage is to drop off the solids with controlling revolution of drum screen in pretreatment filtration process. The fact that it is easy to attach and detach a several type of screen for getting the expected water quality is another advantage. Filter rotation speed at 1.0rpm is filter resistance 3.0bar and 3.0rpm is filter resistance 2.8bar. Filter out impurities from ballast water over 6.0rpm is filter resistance 26bar and 10rpm is filter resistance 2.5bar. Filtration system removal aquatic organism over $80{\mu}m$ in ballast water. This study shows that the filtration treatment system has a potential for the treatment of ballast water.

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Performance assessment of an urban stormwater infiltration trench considering facility maintenance (침투도랑 유지관리를 통한 도시 강우유출수 처리 성능 평가)

  • Reyes, N.J. D.G.;Geronimo, F.K.F.;Choi, H.S.;Kim, L.H.
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.424-431
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    • 2018
  • Stormwater runoff containing considerable amounts of pollutants such as particulates, organics, nutrients, and heavy metals contaminate natural bodies of water. At present, best management practices (BMP) intended to reduce the volume and treat pollutants from stormwater runoff were devised to serve as cost-effective measures of stormwater management. However, improper design and lack of proper maintenance can lead to degradation of the facility, making it unable to perform its intended function. This study evaluated an infiltration trench (IT) that went through a series of maintenance operations. 41 monitored rainfall events from 2009 to 2016 were used to evaluate the pollutant removal capabilities of the IT. Assessment of the water quality and hydrological data revealed that the inflow volume was the most relative factor affecting the unit pollutant loads (UPL) entering the facility. Seasonal variations also affected the pollutant removal capabilities of the IT. During the summer season, the increased rainfall depths and runoff volumes diminished the pollutant removal efficiency (RE) of the facility due to increased volumes that washed off larger pollutant loads and caused the IT to overflow. Moreover, the system also exhibited reduced pollutant RE for the winter season due to frozen media layers and chemical-related mechanisms impacted by the low winter temperature. Maintenance operations also posed considerable effects of the performance of the IT. During the first two years of operation, the IT exhibited a decrease in pollutant RE due to aging and lack of proper maintenance. However, some events also showed reduced pollutant RE succeeding the maintenance as a result of disturbed sediments that were not removed from the geotextile. Ultimately, the presented effects of maintenance operations in relation to the pollutant RE of the system may lead to the optimization of maintenance schedules and procedures for BMP of same structure.

The Study of Characteristics by Low Pressure Plasma for Filter Media (저압 플라즈마 처리에 의한 filter media 특성에 관한 연구)

  • 김연상;변성원;임대영;김민선;김현진
    • Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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    • 2003.10b
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    • pp.251-252
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    • 2003
  • 오염 입자 물질을 제거하기 위한 섬유상 필터는 polypropylene(이하 PP라 함) film을 fibrillate 하거나 melt blown micro fiber를 이용하여 제조할 수 있다. 특히 melt blown micro fiber web은 마스크 필터, 공기정화용 필터, 수처리용 필터 등에 폭넓게 사용되고 있다 이러한 melt blown micro web은 electret 처리에 의해 그 기능이 더욱 강화되는데, 사용 현장의 oil aerosol 노출되면 정전 특성을 빠르게 잃어버리는 경향이 있다. (중략)

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항균재료용 은나노 입자/알루미늄 하이드록사이드 나노복합재 제조

  • Seo, Yeong-Ik;Jeon, Yong-Jin;Kim, Dae-Geon;Lee, Gyu-Hwan;Kim, Yeong-Do
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.46.1-46.1
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    • 2009
  • 산업이 점차 발달함에 따라 발생하는 환경오염으로 인해 인간의 삶에 있어 불가분의 관계에 있는 물에 대한 관심이 지속적으로 높아지고 있는 추세이다. 각종 질병의 요인이 되는 박테리아는 주로 물을 운송 매개체로 하기 때문에 이로 인한 물의 오염으로 인도의 경우 모든 질병 발생의 80%를 차지하는 것으로 세계보건기구(WHO)에 의해 보고되었다. 현재까지물 또는 공기의 항균 및 살균 정화를 위해 화학적, 생물학적 방식 등 다양한 기술이 개발되었으나 박테리아와같은 세균제거에는 무리가 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 여러 물질 중에서도 특히 항균작용(Antibacterial activity)이 탁월한 은(Ag)을 나노입자화하여 in-situ 코팅을 통한 다공성 알루미늄 하이드록사이드 나노복합재의 제조함으로써 생물학, 생체의용공학, 약학 등에 응용될 수 있는 새로운 형태의 항균재료제조방법을 제안하였다. 우선, 다공성 알루미늄 하이드록사이드기판은 알루미늄 기판에 알칼리 표면개질을 실시함으로서 표면에 마이크로포어가 형성된 알루미늄 하이드록사이드 기판을 제조하였다. 이렇게 제조된 다공성 기판에 Polyol 공정으로 은나노입자를 합성 및 분산시킴으로서 in-situ로 은나노입자가 분산된 알루미늄 하이드록사이드 나노복합재 기판을 만들수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 제조된 은나노입자가 분산된 알루미늄 하이드록사이드 나노복합재 기판은 주사전자현미경(SEM) 및 투과전자현미경(TEM)을 통하여 미세구조와 상분석을 실시하였으며 X선 광전자분석(XPS)를 이용하여 기판 표면의 화학적 상태를 분석하였다.

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Pollutant Contents with Particle Size Distribution in Bridge Road Drainage Sediment (교량도로 배수받이 퇴적물질의 입경별 오염물질 함량)

  • Lee, Jun-Ho;Cho, Yong-Jin;Bang, Ki-Woong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.29 no.12
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    • pp.1360-1365
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for nonpoint pollutant loads from bridge road drainage sediments using the results to analyze organic matter and heavy metals from the four bridge drainage sampling sites with sediments of different particle size ranges. The sediment sample was collected from the bridge road drainage and the masses of nine sediments fractions were obtained after drying the separated sediment in an over at $85^{\circ}C:>2,000{\mu}m$, $1,000\sim2,000{\mu}m$, $850\sim1,000{\mu}m$, $425\sim850{\mu}m$, $212\sim425{\mu}m$, $125\sim212{\mu}m$, $90\sim125{\mu}m$, $75\sim90{\mu}m$, $<75{\mu}m$. The sediment extract was analyzed water quality constituents, including chemical oxygen demand(COD), total nitrogen(T-N), total phosphorus(T-P), heavy metals and particle size distribution. The results indicate that most of particle size ranges of the bridge road sediments was $125\sim425{\mu}m$, and portion of $<75{\mu}m$ was low. But most of the pollutants are associated with the finer fractions of the load sediments. As the results of analysis, the range and average values of COD, T-N, T-P, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Pb were $177\sim198.8$ mg/kg(77.6 mg/kg), $23\sim200$ mg/kg(83 mg/kg), T-P $18\sim215$ mg/kg(129 mg/kg), and $1,508\sim5,612$ mg/kg(3,835 mg/kg), $9.2\sim69.3$ mg/kg(49 mg/kg), $19.1\sim662.2$ mg/kg(214 mg/kg), and $28.4\sim251.4$ mg/kg(114 mg/kg), respectively. The relationship between sediment size and pollutants concentration have an inverse proportion. The removal of road sediments with frequently could be reduced the significant nonpoint pollutant load, because of the bridge road sediment contains considerable micro-particles and heavy metals.