• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2006

Purpose: Heregulin is a natural ligand for erbB3 and erbB4. However, very little is known about their roles in the gastric cancer This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the frequencies of heregulin and erbB family protein expression and to compare their expressions with clinicopathologic parameters. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical expressions of heregulin and erbB family proteins were examined with tissue micro-array slides. A total of 251 gastric adenocarcinomas were classified as early cancers and advanced cancers and as having and not having lymph node metastases. Results: The positive rates of the heregulin, erbB1, erbB2, erbB3, and erbB4 protein stainings were 64%, 68%, 6%, 88%, and 76%, respectively. Intestinal type gastric adenocarcinomas showed higher expression of heregulin, erbB2, erbB3, and erbB4 proteins. Heregulin and erbB4 proteins showed lower expressions in advanced gastric carcinomas. However, erbB2 protein showed higher expression in advanced gastric carcinomas. The protein expressions of heregulin and erbB family proteins showed no relationship with survival rate. Co-expression groups of heregulin and erbB3 proteins or heregulin and erbB4 proteins showed higher expressions in intestinal type adenocarcinomas and early gastric carcinomas. Conclusion: Heregulin, erbB3, and erbB4 proteins may play a role in the early stage of adenocarcinomas.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2004

A five months old, female Himalayan cat was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at Konkuk University, because of suspecting peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH). After consecutive examination, the patient was diagnosed as PPDH and hepatic dysfunction. In spite of medical therapy for a month, the serum chemistry profiles for liver enzymes (aspartate transferase: 469 U/L, alanine transferase: above analysis, gamma-glutamyl transferase: above analysis) did not decrease to the normal range. In operation, some of liver was necrotized and was adhesive to diaphragm, these were gently dissected from thoracic structures, and resected. After debriding, the edges of the defect of diaphragm were closed with a simple continuous suture pattern. One month after operation, the cat had normal condition, recovery was uncomplicated, and the serum chemistry profiles for liver enzymes decrease to the normal range.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.232-239
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• 2010

Two cell lines derived from spontaneous canine mammary gland tumors were established and characterized. Mammary gland tumors from 9 years old pug and 9 years old toy-poodle dogs were collected by aseptic surgical resection and primary culture was performed. The histopathologic examination of tumors revealed adenocarcinoma and complex carcinoma and two dogs died from metastasis of the tumors. The tumor cells were subcultured over 60 times for more than 1 year and morphological consistency maintained. Light microscopic examination, growth curve, doubling time calculation, xenotransplantation to female nude mice, immunohistochemistry for wide spectrum keratin, vimentin, $\alpha$-smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin 8 was performed for characterization. The cell lines exhibited polygonal, elongated cell shape and cytoplasmic bridge and doubling time of 47.1 hrs and 18.6 hrs, respectively. Subcutaneous xenotransplantation to nude mice of the cells produced localized palpable mass within 4 weeks in 4 of 5 and 5 of 5 nude mice, respectively. In immunohistochemical examination one cell line showed strong positive against wide spectrum keratin and cytokeratin 8 and the other cell line showed strong positive against smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin 8. Additional characterization would be possible by investigator's needs and the cell lines may be useful for in vivo and in vitro studies of canine mammary tumor and adjuvant therapies.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.216-219
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to establish experimental canine skin barrier disruption model, the study was designed to observe calcium ion in skin frozen tissue of canine skin and also the modulation of calcium ion distribution of normal skin with disrupted skin such as clipping, acetone, tape stripping damages according to time. To compare the changes of calcium ion gradient after damages, the distribution of calcium ion in the canine epidermis was visualized by blotting to gel containing chemical indicator (Calcium Green-1) with fluorescent microscope and the effects of skin barrier damages were examined according to time. Three mins and 1hr after acetone damage, the gradations of epidermis and hair follicle showed more radiant and disappeared after 48 hrs. On the contrary, 3mins and 1hr after tape stripping damage, the gradations showed more radiant than those of acetone damage, and these gradations were stabilized after 48 hrs. The method we presented here could show the visual image of the calcium ions in frozen tissue without further preparation, and it might be useful to investigate the role of calcium ion in the canine epidermal barrier recovery, however, it might be need further methodological improvement to get accurate quantitative information.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 2017

There is greater standardization of quality control for microscopic examination of urine than for physicochemical test. In this study, we investigated whether it is possible to control the sediment accuracy by microscopic examination through the real thing by preserving the essential sediment with glutaraldehyde, which is required for the rationality of sediment quality control. A urine specimen was prepared using 2.5% glutaraldehyde as a preservation solution. Samples treated with urine preservatives confirmed the morphological deformation of the cells for four weeks at intervals of one week and confirmed whether they should be preserved for 4 weeks thereafter. After preparing the required sediment slide, two more slides were produced; one was stored in a refrigerator for, and the other was stored at room temperature. The morphological deformation of the specimen was confirmed. Glutaraldehyde has the effect of preserving the refrigerated essential sediments and storing them for up to 8 weeks, refrigerated storage after slide production, stabilized by 3 days. Moreover, after treatment with preservatives, the production of the slide and comparison between the measured values between the laboratories and examiners showed a low consistency. In conclusion, we showed that the urine sediment components can be preserved, and it can be used for quality control and education through real objects.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2020

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapy agent used for patients with ovarian cancers. CDDP activates multiple signaling pathways, which causes various cellular reactions according to the type of cancer cells. Therefore, it is difficult to clearly conclude its signaling pathways. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of the signal protein of Akt/ERK1/2 and MAPK by CDDP-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). As a result, the number of apoptosis increased according to the TUNEL assay, and flow cytometric analysis confirmed that the percentage of sub-G1 early apoptosis was 8.73% higher than the control. The PARP and caspase-3 activity that appeared in the process of apoptosis was increased and the Bcl-2 expression was decreased. It was verified that the Akt and ERK1/2 activity was decreased, and p38 and JNK activity increased in a time dependent fashion. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that cisplatin inhibits the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting Akt activity and induces apoptosis by modulating the MAPK signaling pathway. However, a decrease in the ERK1/2 activity by CDDP was the opposite result to the result shown from the HeLa cells. For this reason, further research on signaling pathways is necessary. These results are expected to be useful for ovarian cancer treatment strategies targeting the MAPK pathway.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 1999

Background : The treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis(MDRTB) is encountered to be important clinically, but there are still a few reports about it all over the world. So, we evaluated the outcomes of only chemotherapy for the pulmonary MDRTB retrospectively. Method: We reviewed the clinical courses of 63 patients with pulmonary disease due to M.tuberculosis resistant to rifampin and isoniazid who were under follow-up between March 1996 and June 1996 after hospitalization at our hospital between January 1993 and January 1996. We performed cohort retrospective study for all these patient's records. Their regimens were selected individually and preferably included four medications that they had not been given previously and to which the strain was fully susceptible. Results: The 63 patients(mean age, 43.2 years) had previously received a median 5.1drugs. Fifty two(82.5%) patients responded to chemotherapy(as indicated by negative sputum cultures for at least three consecutive months) ; eleven patients(17.5 %) had no response, as shown by continually positive cultures. In a univariate analysis, an unfavorable response was significantly associated with greater number of resistant drugs before the current courses of therapy(relative risk 21.5 ; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2-3.0; p<0.05). The mean period of follow-up was seventeen months. There was no relapse suooequently among the patients with responses. There was no death related to tuberculosis. Conclusion: In this report from National Masan Tuberculosis Hospital in Korea, multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis responded relatively well to carefully selected regimens.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2006

A 4.65 kg 13-month-old male Pekingese dog was referred to veterinary teaching hospital of Konkuk University for evaluation of dysuria. On physical examination, severe distention of urinary bladder was found in abdominal palpation. Urinary catheter could not be guided into urinary bladder. On serum biochemistry, blood urea nitrogen (35.6 mg/dl) and creatinine (1.9 mg/dl) were increased. Obstruction part of proximal membranous urethra was founded on urethrogram. The length (13 mm) of obstruction part was callipered by cystourethrogram and urethrogram on operation. Surgical resection of obstruction part of urethra was performed without pubic osteotomy, and anastomosis was performed with 5-0 polyglycolic acid. Omentum was placed around the urethral anastomosis. On first day after surgery, appetite was good. On day 5, complete blood count and serum biochemistry showed normal range but mild urinary incontinence was showed after removing catheter. On day 7, urinalysis showed normal condition. On day 14, no leakage of surgical site was observed in excretory urogram. On day 21, no more urinary incontinence and good micturition were found. On 1 year later, the patient showed healthy condition without recurrence.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.310-313
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• 2011

A 6-year-old female Shih-tzu dog was referred with left elbow joint mass associated with weight bearing lameness. Ultrasonography demonstrated an encapsulated hyperechoic mass at the left elbow joint. Radiography was performed on elbow joint, chest, and abdomen, but there was no evidence of metastasis. Clinicopathologic examination revealed the existence of neoplastic cells with anisocytosis, pleomorphism and increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. The left forelimb was amputated for cure. Histopathological examination diagnosed the mass as a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. During the 4 weeks follow-up, the patient showed full remission and adopted to walk with remaining three legs. Thereafter, the tumor recurred after 5 months of first surgery at the operation site and other two cutaneuos regions. Cytology test revealed the mesenchymal originated tumor cells with malignancy. These tumors were surgically removed and histopathological examination of the resected tissue revealed the recurrence of primary tumor and metastasis. Metronomic therapy with cyclophophamide (10 mg/$m^2$, PO, sid) and piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg, PO, sid) had been adopted for 5 months. At 26 months of follow up after the first surgery, the dog alive with satisfactory quality of life. Aggressive surgical resection with metronomic chemotherapy should be the most effective treatment for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.443-448
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• 2003

To determine whether localization of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K was associated with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs. Tissue specimens were obtained from 30 dogs with CCL rupture during surgical treatment, 8 aged normal dogs, and 9 young normal dogs that were necropsied for reasons unrelated to this study and unrelated to musculoskeletal disease. The cranial cruciate ligament was examined histologically. $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells were identified by histochemical staining and immunohistochemical staining respectively. TRAP and cathepsin $K^+$ were co-localized within the same cells principally located within the epiligamentous region and to a lesser extent in the core region of ruptured CCL. Localization of $TRAP^+$ cells (P < 0.05) and cathepsin $K^+$ cells (P =0.05) within CCL tissue was significantly increased in dogs with CCL rupture, compared with aged-normal dogs, and young normal dogs (P < 0.05 - TRAP, P < 0.001 - cathepsin K). Localization of $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells within the CCL tissue of aged-normal dogs was also increased compared with young normal dogs (P < 0.05). Small numbers of $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells were seen in the intact ligaments of aged-normal dogs, which were associated with ligament fasicles in which there was chondroid transformation of ligament fibroblasts and disruption of the organized hierarchical structure of the extracellular matrix. $TRAP^+$ cells and cathepsin $K^+$ cells were not seen in CCL tissue from young-normal dogs. Localization of the proteinases $TRAP^+$ and cathepsin $K^+$ in CCL tissue was significantly associated with CCL rupture. Small numbers of proteinase positive cells were also localized in the CCL of agednormal dogs without CCL rupture, but were not detected in CCL from young-normal dogs. Taken together, these findings suggest that the cell signaling pathways that regulate expression of these proteinases in CCL tissue may form part of the mechanism that leads to upregulation of collagenolytic ligament remodeling and progressive structural failure of the CCL over time.