• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.333-340
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• 1998

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer over the world. P53 alteration is by far the most common genetic defect in lung cancer. The mutation of p53 protein involves the loss of inhibitory function of p53 related tumor suppressor gene and resultant oncogenesis. The analysis of p53 alterations consists of immunohistochemical stain, PCR based assay, or serologic ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Methods : Serum levels of p53 mutant protein were measured in 69 cases of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma n=29, epidermoid n=16, small cell n=13, large cell n=1, undifferentiated n=1, undetermined n=9) and 42 controls of respiratory disorders using ELISA. Immunohistochemical stain in tissue was performed using monoclonal antibody of p53 in lung cancer subjects. Results: Both serum p53s in nonsmall cell cancer ($0.28{\pm}0.44ng/ml$) and in small cell cancer ($0.20{\pm}0.14ng/ml$) were not different from controls ($0.34{\pm}0.20ng/ml$). Also there was no significant difference in serum p53 according to tumor stages. P53 immunohistochemical stain showed 50% positivity overall in lung cancer. There were no close correlation between serologic level and positivity of immunohistochemical stain. Conclusion: The serologic determination of p53 mutant protein is thought to have no diagnostic role in lung cancer. Immunohistochemical stain in lung cancer specimen shows 50% positivity.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 2002

this paper, we propose a flexible, reusable, and extensible HL7 encoding and decoding framework using a Message Object Model (MOM) and Message Definition Repository (MDR). The MOM provides an abstract HL7 message form represented by a group of objects and their relationships. It reflects logical relationships among the standard HL7 message elements such as segments, fields, and components, while enforcing the key structural constraints imposed by the standard. Since the MOM completely eliminates the dependency of the HL7 encoder and decoder on platform-specific data formats, it makes it possible to build the encoder and decoder as reusable standalone software components, enabling the interconnection of arbitrary heterogeneous hospital information systems(HISs) with little effort. Moreover, the MDR, an external database of key definitions for HL7 messages, helps make the encoder and decoder as resilient as possible to future modifications of the standard HL7 message formats. It is also used by the encoder and decoder to perform a well formedness check for their respective inputs (i. e., HL7 message objects expressed in the MOM and encoded HL7 message strings). Although we implemented a prototype version of the encoder and decoder using JAVA, they can be easily packaged and delivered as standalone components using the standard component frameworks like ActiveX, JAVABEAN, or CORBA component.

• 한국노년학
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.747-758
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• 2012

Detecting probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) at an early stage is crucial in slowing the progression of the disease and initiating drug therapy for more effective symptom management. Therefore, this study aimed to identify linguistic features that allow us to distinguish between patients with AD and normal controls. This paper reports on characteristics of spontaneous speech in subjects in three stages of AD (questionable, mild, moderate) compared with education- and age-matched normal controls. Four components of speech were measured in Korean native speakers with AD and normal aging: speech tempo, hesitation (measured in seconds), rate of articulation errors, and rate of grammatical errors. The results revealed significant differences in most of these speech components among the four groups, including significant differences between normal controls and the questionable AD group in the areas of speech tempo and rate of grammatical errors. Phonological? articulatory ability was preserved in questionable AD, and grammatical ability was preserved in questionable and mild AD. Subjects with moderate AD were severely impaired in grammatical ability. Prospective assessments of spontaneous speech skills using a dialogue and picture-description task are useful in detecting the subtle, spontaneous speech impairments that AD causes even in its early stage.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2021

Introduction : Oral motor function is basic function of sensory exploration, feeding, and communication, that develops from the fetal stage to childhood. Problems with oral motor function result in difficulty within handling food in the oral cavity, decreased swallowing and feeding skills, difficulty with communication, and problems with oral hygiene. To treat these symptoms, oral motor therapy is provided for normalizing sensory adaptation in the oral cavity, and increasing postural control, oral movement and oral motor function. Discussion : The oral motor facilitation technique (OMFT) was developed for increasing general and integrated oral motor function based on the following: 1) understanding orofacial muscular physiology; 2) a comprehensive approach to sensory·adaptation·behavior·cognition; 3) sensorimotor stimulation by a manual approach; 4) motor control and motor learning theory. The OMFT is a new evidence-based treatment protocol, for children and adults with neuromuscular and oral motor problems. Conclusion : The goal of this article is to provide a theoretical background for OMFT development and the basic concept for the clinical application of OMFT. We hope that this article will help oral motor therapy experts to provide effective therapy in a more professional way.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.837-854
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• 2021

This study was conducted to explore parenting experiences for mothers of adolescent children. Participants in the study were 7 primary caregivers of children in the first to third grades of middle school in the Seoul area, and in-depth interviews were conducted from September to November 2019. After recording the interviews of each participant, the transcripts of verbal words and documents that were the summary of the interview were collected as data. In this study, the participants' perceptions of experiences and actions were analyzed by Smith & Osborn (2003)'s interpretative phenomenological method, which allows researchers to make meanings. As a result of data analysis, 6 major topics and 25 sub-themes were derived. The results derived from the parenting experiences of mothers of adolescents are largely six types: the implications of spending time with their children, unnatural act, the aesthetics of expression, the way to recharge energy, the mental heritage that they want to leave for their children, and resilience. The research results of this study can be presented so that they can learn the healthy responses and interaction of care-givers in a preventive educational dimension, as it provides both generality and specificity of how mothers should interact with their adolescent children in the field of clinical practice.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2022

Patients tend to return to normal pronunciation patterns after fitting new dentures. However, for some patients, it takes a long time to adapt the new complete denture. In this case, the patient came to the hospital at the address of wanting to remake dentures due to wear and tear. After diagnosis through clinical and radiological examination, the maxillary complete denture and mandibular removable partial denture were remade. The patient complained whistling /s/ sound at the first check-up after placement of the new denture. The anterior palatal area of polished surface of the new maxillary complete denture was concave comparing to old denture, and this was the cause of the whistling /s/ sound. A tissue conditioning material was applied to the maxillary complete denture and patient made /s/ sound. The tissue conditioning material was replaced with self-curing type denture base resin, and the patient was immediately satisfied with clear /s/ sound. As an objective assessment, palatogram and speech analytics software was applied. In this case, a patient who received denture treatment complaining of difficulty in pronunciation underwent immediate denture repair, which resulted in patient satisfaction and improved pronunciation through objective evaluation.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.315-324
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose KoEPT, a Transformer-based generative model for automatic math word problems solving. A math word problem written in human language which describes everyday situations in a mathematical form. Math word problem solving requires an artificial intelligence model to understand the implied logic within the problem. Therefore, it is being studied variously across the world to improve the language understanding ability of artificial intelligence. In the case of the Korean language, studies so far have mainly attempted to solve problems by classifying them into templates, but there is a limitation in that these techniques are difficult to apply to datasets with high classification difficulty. To solve this problem, this paper used the KoEPT model which uses 'expression' tokens and pointer networks. To measure the performance of this model, the classification difficulty scores of IL, CC, and ALG514, which are existing Korean mathematical sentence problem datasets, were measured, and then the performance of KoEPT was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation. For the Korean datasets used for evaluation, KoEPT obtained the state-of-the-art(SOTA) performance with 99.1% in CC, which is comparable to the existing SOTA performance, and 89.3% and 80.5% in IL and ALG514, respectively. In addition, as a result of evaluation, KoEPT showed a relatively improved performance for datasets with high classification difficulty. Through an ablation study, we uncovered that the use of the 'expression' tokens and pointer networks contributed to KoEPT's state of being less affected by classification difficulty while obtaining good performance.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.517-525
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• 2023

The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) have become a serious problem worldwide. The involvement of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) in inducing carbapenem resistance is particularly acute. However, unlike other members of the Enterobacteriaceae genus, new clones of P. aeruginosa are constantly emerging and rapidly replacing previously prevalent dominant clones. Therefore, this study aimed to perform antimicrobial resistance gene analysis, integron gene cassette analysis using DNA sequencing, and plasmid transfer analysis by conjugation to investigate the antimicrobial resistance dynamics of 18 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from various medical samples at a general hospital in Busan from September 2017 to September 2019. All 18 strains showed extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype and were resistant to most antibiotics, except colistin (100%) but were susceptible to aztreonam (22.2%) and ceftazidime (16.6%). Approximately 66.7% of the strains had Class 1 integrons showing various antimicrobial resistances. Notably, IMP-6 ST235 (66.7%), VIM-2 ST357 (16.7%), and IMP-1 ST446(16.7%) were identified. The identification of IMP-1-producing ST446, previously unreported in Korea, is noteworthy considering the emergence and prevalence of another MRPA high-risk clone.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.326-334
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• 2024

Extra-oral imaging techniques such as Panoramic X-rays (PXs) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) are the most preferred imaging modalities in dental clinics owing to its patient convenience during imaging as well as their ability to visualize entire teeth information. PXs are preferred for routine clinical treatments and CBCTs for complex surgeries and implant treatments. However, PXs are limited by the lack of third dimensional spatial information whereas CBCTs inflict high radiation exposure to patient. When a PX is already available, it is beneficial to reconstruct the 3D oral structure from the PX to avoid further expenses and radiation dose. In this paper, we propose 3DentAI - an U-Net based deep learning framework for 3D reconstruction of oral structure from a PX image. Our framework consists of three module - a reconstruction module based on attention U-Net for estimating depth from a PX image, a realignment module for aligning the predicted flattened volume to the shape of jaw using a predefined focal trough and ray data, and lastly a refinement module based on 3D U-Net for interpolating the missing information to obtain a smooth representation of oral cavity. Synthetic PXs obtained from CBCT by ray tracing and rendering were used to train the networks without the need of paired PX and CBCT datasets. Our method, trained and tested on a diverse datasets of 600 patients, achieved superior performance to GAN-based models even with low computational complexity.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.768-775
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• 2012

Alginate, obtained from the seaweeds, is a widely used biomaterial for cell transplantation, since its positive effect on viability of capsulized cells and its easier encapsulation capability of living cells. Demineralized bone powder (DBP), derived from the natural bone tissue, is widely applied for clinical trials for its low rate of reaction and antigenicity. A chondrocyte was seeded into an alginate with DBP of different contents, and a microcapsule was produced. The adhesion and proliferation of cells was observed through the MTT analysis, and the PCR was applied to estimate the content of the glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and collagen, and confirm the specific genetic pattern of the chondrocytes. Also, the alginate microcapsule where the chondrocyte is seeded was extracted after transplantation under the skin of a nude mouse, and was immunochemically stained. The experimental result confirmed that the alginate microcapsule containing 1% of DBP not only showed the highest proliferation of cell but had a positive effect of chondrocytes by the interaction between the alginates and the growth factor in DBP. It can be expected that the microcapsule with application of the alginates and DBP might be an appropriate scaffold for tissue engineering.