• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of applying whole body vibration exercise at 30 Hz on the thickness and mechanical properties of the erector spinae. The study population included 24 adults (11 male and 13 female) in the N region. The subjects were divided into two groups, a 30Hz whole body vibration exercise(WG, n=12) and an LSG(12 subjects). Changes in the thickness and mechanical properties of the erector spinae were analyzed before the exercises and after four and eight weeks of exercises using a two-way repeated analysis of variance with a statistical significance level of α=0.05. When there was an interaction between the groups and measurement times, post hoc analyses were conducted at a statistical significance level of α=0.01. The thickness, frequency, stiffness and strain of the erector spinae muscles were significantly different in each time period and in the interaction between time period and the group (P<0.05), and recovery was significantly different only in each time period (P<0.05). Thus, 30Hz whole body vibration exercise had a positive effect on the thickness and mechanical properties of the erector spinae. The results of this preliminary study suggest that whole body vibration exercise may find a place as a lumbar stabilization exercise in clinical practice in the future.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.248-255
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• 2021

Mammary gland tumors are one of the most common cancers in female dogs, and there are various types of cells depending on the tumor type. Complex carcinoma consists of a combination of luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells with intra-tumoral heterogeneity. However, the origins of these tumor cells and their effects on the malignancies of tumors have not been identified. Recently, it has been reported that cancer stem cells, identified in several types of human tumors, are involved in tumor heterogeneity and may also contribute to malignancies such as tumor recurrence and metastasis. Interestingly, cancer stem cells share several abilities of self-renewal and cell differentiation into multiple types of cancer cells, but they have abnormal genetic mutation and signal transduction pathways to regulate the maintenance of stem cell characters. Moreover, it is known that these cell populations contribute to cell metastasis as well as cell resistance against chemo- and radio-therapeutics that promote tumor recurrence. The existence of cancer stem cells might explain the intra-tumoral heterogeneity and cancer aggressiveness during tumorigenesis in canine mammary gland tumors. This review summarizes the characteristics and types of canine mammary gland tumors, the definition of tumor stem cells, methods of isolation, and clinical significance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in sensory processing and visual perception between school-age children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and typical children. Methods : The participants in this research were children in the first and second grade in elementary school in Kyoung-Nam Region; 25 children diagnosed with ADHD comprised the experimental group, and 51 typical children comprised the control group. To evaluate the sensory processing of the children, the Sensory Profile (SP) was used, and the Korean Developmental Test of Visual Perception-2 (K-DTVP-2) was used to assess visual perception skills. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, and the Independent t-test was used to compare the sensory processing and visual perception skills of the two groups. Results : The study found differences in the Sensory Profile summary scores and factor summary scores between the two groups (p<.05). We also found differences in the visual perception index and subtest standard scores between the two groups (p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study show that the experimental and the control groups had significant differences in sensory processing and visual perception skills. The result will contribute to the assessment and education of children with ADHD.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2021

This study is to develop a Korean version of nonword intervention by modifying and supplementing a Rapid syllable transition treatment (ReST) and to determine its effect by applying it to children with CAS. Ultimately, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether nonword interventions are effective for nonword production ability and generalization of real words. Single-subject research using the ABA design was performed for a child aged five years and six months with diagnostic features of CAS. The nonwords used in the interventions were made suitable for the individual child. The intervention was provided in one-hour sessions, twice a week for six weeks. In all cases, performance of the treated three-syllable nonwords improved, and untreated three-syllable words, four-syllable words, and nonwords showed a generalization effect. However, the generalization of treatment effects to words was smaller than for nonwords. The nonword intervention was effective in improving the subject's speech motor programming skills. As a result, transition errors due to impaired speech motor programming were greatly reduced, and the ability to produce untreated nonwords was greatly increased. However, there was a limit to the full improvement of strongly habitable word errors, which would be expected if a more intensive and repetitive intervention schedule was provided.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2021

Corrosion is the degradation of metals by reaction with the environment. It is difficult to completely remove. Corrosion proceeds rapidly after the protective barrier is destroyed, and several reactions occur that alter the composition and properties of the metal surface and local environments, such as diffusion of metal cations into the matrix, the formation of oxides, and local pH changes. The study of corrosion of steel and iron is of theoretical and practical interest and is receiving considerable attention. Acid solutions, which are widely used in industrial pickling, acid descaling, cleaning and acidification of oil wells, require the use of corrosion inhibitors to suppress corrosion attacks on metallic materials. Physical removal of rust requires expensive special equipment, and chemical removal of it can cause corrosion or shorten the life of the metal. In this study, an eco-friendly rust cleaner was developed using cosmetics and food materials by applying the concept of perm reducing agent and chelate, and applied to remove rust from industrial and hot water pipes and various industrial devices. As a result, it was found that rust cleaners remove rust more effectively and safely compared to conventional treatment methods. At the same time, the rust removal efficiency was 1.75 to 2.5 times better for industrial piping and 1.56 to 2.2 times better for boiler hot water than conventional methods.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.89-100
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• 2021

This study compared the voice range profiles (VRPs) with glissando and simplified VRP methods with 57 men who were in premutation (8-13 years), mutation (11-16 years), and postmutation (10-24 years) stages. The difference between modal and falsetto areas measured in two VRP methods was also compared. As the results, the average fundamental frequency (F0) was in the order of premuaton>mutation>postmutation. The maximum F0 (F0max), the range of F0 (F0range), the maximum intensity (Imax), and the range of intensity (Irange) were the lowest in the mutation stage, and these variables were higher in falsetto area than in modal area in both methods. In addition, most variables of VRP in glissando were higher than in simplified VRP, but the differences were not significant. This study showed that, in men in mutation stage, due to the temporary anatomical and physiological changes of the larynx, the mechanism of the vocal folds vibration changes and VRP shows a different pattern from that of other age groups. Both the VRPs of glissando and simplifed VRP are suitable for clinical practice by experienced examiners. And it is necessary to measure not only the falsetto area but also the modal area when measuring VRP.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.14-25
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of brain-timing training using an Interactive Metronome (IM) on the reading abilities of children with low brain-timing abilities. Methods : A single-group pretest and posttest (retrospective study) were conducted in 8 children whose timing abilities were lower than that for their age average and who were trained from 2019 to 2021. Brain-timing training was conducted 2 or 3 times per week, with 70 sessions in total and 40-50 minutes per session, depending on the developmental characteristics of the child. Changes in brain-timing ability before and after the training were measured using the IM Long-Form Assessment (LFA), and reading ability was measured using the Basic Academic Skills Assessment:Reading (BASA:R). Results : On the basis of the results of the brain-timing ability evaluation using the LFA, the reaction times of all the children during motor tasks were decreased, resulting in statistically significant improvements in their brain-timing abilities (p < .05). Moreover, the raw scores in the BASA:R reading and fill-in-the-blank tests were significantly improved (p < .05). Conclusion : This study is meaningful in that it presents a clinical basis for brain-timing training to improve the reading abilities of children.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.10-20
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• 2022

About 21% of domestic chemical accidents are caused by transport vehicles for the past 10 years in Korea. Also, ammonia is a chemical substance with the largest number of accidents, 82 out of 672. In this study, supposed seasonal alternative scenario and worst scenario in case of releasing ammonia during bunkering it from tank lorry to fishing vessel and interpreted seasonal impact and range through Python, ALOHA, Probit analysis. Radiation impact range of possibility for 2nd burn and for maximum radiation in winter scenario, which is one of the alternative scenarios, was the highest(range: 41m, radiation: 5.01kW/m²) while overpressure impact was less than minimum standard of impact. And toxicity impact range(EPRG-2) of the summer scenario was the widest(5.0km) and took a very high death rate near accident area(port area, tourist area) according to Probit analysis. the wort scenario had a similar impact and range of summer scenario.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

This study aimed to examine Korean listeners' mode of perceiving sound duration as prolongation, whether dichotomous or continuous. Thirty-five Korean participants (17 men and 18 women) listened to the Korean segment /s/, which was lengthened by 0-980ms in 20-ms increments. Then, the participants were asked to rate each version of the sound based on a rating of one to 100 (the closer to 100, the more disfluent). To examine whether listeners perceived durational variations for the fricative segment dichotomously or continuously, a curve was estimated using the best-fitting regression model for the observed data with the highest adjusted R-squared value. The mode of perceiving durational variations for the segment was continuous (or gradient) rather than discontinuous (or dichotomous). No gender difference was found in the mode of perceiving prolongation. However, there was a significant gender difference in that men rated the most disfluent sounds higher than women. The findings of this study were further discussed in relation to the existing literature, and clinical implications for the assessment of stuttering were presented.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.23-50
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• 2022

Source memory is a cognitive process that combines the representation of the origin of the episodic experience with an item. By studying this daily process, researchers have made fundamental discoveries that make up the foundation of brain and behavior research, such as executive function and binding. In this paper, we review and conduct a bibliometric analysis on source memory papers published from 1989 to 2020. This review is based on keyword co-occurrence networks and author citation networks, providing an in-depth overview of the development of source memory research and future directions. This bibliometric analysis discovers a change in the research trends: while research prior to 2010 focused on individuality of source memory as a cognitive function, more recent papers focus more on the implication of source memory as it pertains to connectivity between disparate brain regions and to social neuroscience. Keyword network analysis shows that aging and executive function are continued topics of interest, although frameworks in which they are viewed have shifted to include developmental psychology and meta memory. The use of theories and models provided by source memory research seem essential for the future development of cognitive enhancement tools within and outside of the field of Psychology.