• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2001

The rigid gas permeable(RGP) contact lens has nearly side effect on the cornea. So that, this lens has used the clinical reflective correction of the eye. This study have used several methods for research the fine internal structure on the RGP contact lens by scanning electron microscopy. The results have indicated that the postfixation of 1% $OsO_4$ and tannic acid is responsible for a fine structure in the internal plane of RGP contact lens. These internal surface of contact lens appeared the several shape of the hole of the stereo shape form with arrangement of round form. But, on the contact lens with non-postfixation, the stereo shape have not present and the boundary of the vesicle have not clear. Maybe, these results suggest that the fixation methods have effect on the morphological characters of materials on the RGP contact lens.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.77-89
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between stress, depression, coping styles, and satisfaction of clinical practice in paramedic students. Methods : The study was conducted to 221 paramedic students who have experienced clinical training from March until June in 2012. Questionnaires consisted of level of stress, depression, coping styles, and satisfaction of clinical practice. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results : The mean score of stress was $2.69({\pm}.69)$, depression was $19.09({\pm}9.41)$, coping styles was $3.17({\pm}.47)$, and satisfaction of clinical practice was $3.61({\pm}.58)$. Stress had a significant positive correlation with depression and a negative correlation with active coping and satisfaction of clinical practice. Depression had a significant positive correlation with passive coping and a negative correlation with satisfaction of clinical practice. Active coping had a significant positive correlation with passive coping and satisfaction of clinical practice. Conclusion : There was a positive effect on decreasing stress and depression in paramedic students, and encouraging positive coping when the students received counseling and instruction for clinical practice.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.05c
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• pp.1551-1554
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• 2003

최근 다양한 의료정보 시스템이 개발되어, 그 사용이 급증하고 있다. 이 들 각각의 의료정보 시스템에서 발생, 축적된 의료정보는 분산 이질의 형태를 가지며, 또한 같은 의미를 갖는 의료정보가 각기 다른 구조와 용어로 기술되어 축적되는 것이 일반적이다. 이와 같이 개별적으로 개발, 활용되어 온 의료정보를 웹 상에서 통합하여, 단일화 된 의료정보 검색 기능을 제공하기 위해서는 이들 의료정보의 의미적 연관성을 고려한 정보의 통합, 검색 기술의 개발이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 의미적 의료정보의 통합을 위한 UMLS와 LOINC 데이터베이스 기반의 연관 값 지식베이스의 설계 및 개발 방식을 제안한다. 웹 상에 존재하는 각종 분산 이질 형태의 의료정보는 XML을 공통 데이터 구조로 하여 통합되며, 정보 통합의 과정에서 연관 값 지식베이스를 참조하여 의미적 관련도가 높은 의료정보(구조 정보와 내용 정보)는 상호 연결되어, 진정한 의미의 정보 통합을 구현하게 된다. 지식베이스는 용어별로 식별자, 요소명, 연관값, 복수형, 동의어, 한글 이름 등의 필드틀 가지며, 현재 상담, 처방, 보험, 의료용어, 증상, 임상결과 등 적용분야 별로 작성된 연관 값 지식베이스가 구현되어 있다.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.390-409
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• 2011

기능성 다당체는 자연계에 두루 존재하며 특히 많은 천연소재 유래 다당체의 경우 거의 부작용없이 광범위한 면역조절 기능을 나타내는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이들 다당체의 면역증진 기능성은 다양한 경로와 타켓을 대상으로 나타나고 있으며 각 다당체의 기능성 차이는 그들에 구조적 차이에 기인한 것으로 판단되고 있다. BRM의 일종으로 천연소재 유래 다당체는 면역기관이나 T와 B 림프구, 대식세포, NK cell, LAK 세포 및 수지상 세포 등 면역세포의 활성화, 사이토카인 및 항체의 생성, 적혈구의 면역기능에 영향을 미쳐 생체방어 기능, 즉 면역기능을 증진시켜 주는 것으로 보고 되었다. 또한 lentinan, PSK, PSP, PUPS 등과 같이 이미 잘 알려진 다당체의 경우, 이들 다당체가 지닌 품질 안정성, 정확한 효능, 낮은 독성 및 부작용 등을 근간으로 다양한 항암치료제의 보조제로서 활용가능성도 높아지고 있다. 반면 다당체를 이용한 기능성 구명 연구에서는 몇 가지 제한이 있는 것도 사실이다. 첫째로 비교가능한 적절한 기능성 다당체의 비교 표준이 부재하다는 것이며 두 번째로는 대부분의 다당체 관련 연구가 보다 철저한 구조적, 정성적 연구결과 없이 주로 추출물을 이용한 연구로 진행되어 정확한 분자수준에서의 면역조절 기전을 구명하기 어렵다는 점이다. 마지막으로 정확한 기능 구명을 위한 신호전달경로 관련 연구, 수용체 관련연구 및 임상연구 등이 부족하다는 점이다. 따라서 향후 다당체를 이용한 면역력 증진 등 기능성 구명연구의 활성화를 위해서는 보다 정확한 기능성 다당 분획의 구조분석 및 동정 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이며 이는 분자 수준의 기능성을 이해하는데 주요한 요인이 될 것으로 판단되었다.

• Composites Research
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

Modeling of thick composite structures for finite element analysis is relatively complicated. 2-D plane elements may cause inaccurate result since the plane stress condition cannot be applicable in these structures. Therefore a 3-D modeling should be used. However, the difficulty to model all the layers with different material properties and ply orientation arise in this case. In this paper, an equivalent modeling is proposed and numerically tested for analysis of thick composite structures. By grouping layers with same material and ply orientation, number of elements through the thickness is remarkably reduced and still the result is close enough to the one from a detail finite element model. MSC/NASTRAN and PATRAN are used for the analysis. The proposed modeling technique has been applied for analysis of composite rotor hub system designed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute(KARI). Using the proposed equivalent modeling technique, we could conduct stress analysis for the hub system and check the safety factor of each part.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

A recent progress on the prediction of the thermal stability of a nanostructured exchange-coupled trilayer is reviewed. An analytical/numerical combined method is used to calculate its magnetic energy barrier and hence the thermal stability parameter. An important feature of the method is the use of an analytical equation for the total energy that contains the magnetostatic fields. Under an assumption of the single domain state, the effective values of all the magnetostatic fields can be obtained by averaging their nonuniform values over the entire magnetic volume. In an equilibrium state, however, it is not easy to calculate the magnetostatic fields at the saddle point due to the absence of suitable methods of the accessing its magnetic configuration. This difficulty is overcome with the use of equations that link the magnetostatic fields at the saddle point and critical fields. Since the critical fields can readily be obtained by micromagnetic simulation, the present method should provide accurate results for the thermal stability of a nanostructured exchange-coupled trilayer.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.373-378
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• 2010

To test the effects of representative fluoride vanishes-1.23% APF gel and 5% NaF Fluoride Varnish-on the surface structure of pit and fissure sealant, this study classified samples of pit and fissure sealant into five groups: Group I deposited in distilled water for ten minutes, Group II treated with APF gel for one minute, Group III treated with APF gel for four minutes, Group IV treated with Fluoride Varnish for one minute, and Group V treated with Fluoride Varnish for four minutes. An abrasion test was carried out to measure changes in weight, along with observation of the surface structure by using an optical microscope, consequently drawing the following conclusions. 1. The results of the abrasion test using pit and fissure sealant, Concise, showed that Group III had the reduction in weight more increased than Group I and that Group V had less reduction in weight (p<0.05); the results of the abrasion test using Eco-S showed Group III had the reduction in weight more increased than Group I and that Group V had less reduction in weight (p<0.05). 2. The results of observation using an optical microscope showed that application of APF gel made the filler remarkable due to loss of substrate and that Group III treated with APF gel for four minutes had the toughest surface, followed by Group II treated with APF gel for one minute, Group I deposited in distilled water for ten minutes, Group IV treated with Fluoride Varnish for one minute, and Group V treated with Fluoride Varnish for four minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 2003

This study conducts electrical stimulation to male white rat of Spargue-Dawley which is 7 weeks, has the weight of 240 g and is seemingly healthy for one or two weeks by means of neuromuscular electrical stimulator in order to examine the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on its gastrocnemius, measures change of weight of gastrocnemius, serum and enzyme activity and then obtains the following conclusions. There is little difference in AST and CPK of weight and serum of gastrocnemius after one or two weeks of conducting neuromuscular electrical stimulation in all experimental groups. On the one hand, as a result of histochemical observation, NMES I group showed hypertrophy of perimysium and increase of sectional diameter of muscle fiber compared to comparison group, but NMES II group showed a similar result to comparison group. When ultrasubstructure was observed under electron microscope, I-type muscle fiber of NMES I group showed well-arranged mitochondria and it was similar to comparison group. II-type muscle fiber showed a large quantity of glycogen granules within sarcoplasmatic and the extension of luminal of T-tubule. I-type muscle fiber of NMES II group had small mitochondria and showed the vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria and extended T-tubule. II-type muscle fiber showed the extension of agranule cytoplasma reticulum with T-tubule and the reduction of amount of glycogen granule within partial sarcoplasmatic.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2009

Purpose : This study aims to comparison of ultrasonography on both sides of biceps brachii muscle of hemiplegic patient. Methods : The biceps brachii muscle of fifteen subjects (5 male, 10 female) with stroke were scanned with ultrasonography at the muscle belly at rest at elbow angles of 90 deg. The echogenicity (density, white area index; WAI, anatomic cross-sectional area; ACSA, volume) of ultrasonography was examined. Results : In the biceps brachii muscle, there were significant differences of density, WAI, ACSA, and volume between affected side and non-affected side. biceps brachii muscle, echogenicity (density, WAI) of the affected side was higher than non-affected side. biceps brachii muscle, echogenicity (ACSA, volume) of the non-affected side was higher than affected side. Conclusion : This study showed that change of skeletal muscle architecture properties occurred biceps brachii muscle of the affected side muscle of hemiplegic patient.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 1996

한우 성우 및 송아지에서 신장 및 방광의 정상적인 초음파영상에 관한 연구를 하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 초음파 검사법에 의하여 19두의 한우 성우의 우측 신장 및 방광과 16두의 한우 송아지의 양측 신장 및 방광의 위치, 면적 및 구조를 관찰하였다. 3.5 또는 5.0-MHz convex transducer 및 5.0-MHz sector transducer를 사용하여, 신장은 요추측와 및 최후 늑간강에서 관찰하였으며, 방광은 하복부 정중선에서 관찰하였다. 송아지의 우측 신장은 6.9-9.9cm의 길이, 4.2-6.6 cm의 폭, 그리고 2.5-3.3 cm의 깊이를 나타내었다. 우측 신장의 실질 및 신동의 직경은 각각 0.77-1.26 cm 및 0.67-0.94 cm를 나타내었다. 송아지의 좌측 신장에서도 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 성우의 우측 신장은 10.6-11.7 cm의 폭, 그리고 5.0-8.4cm의 깊이를 나타내었다. 우측 신장의 실질 및 신동의 직경은 각각 1.9-3.1 및 1.6-2.7cm를 나타내었다. 송아지에서 방광의 직경, 원주 및 면적은 각각 52.3mm, 162.8mm alc $22.3cm^{2}$이었으며, 성우에서의 방광의 직경, 원주 및 면적은 각각 94.3mm, 293.8mm alc $69.4^{2}$이었다. 본 연구에서의 초음파검사 결과는 한우 성우 및 한우 송아지의 신장 및 방광의 형태학적 변화의 진단을 위한 참고자료로서 사용될 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.