• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.710-719
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• 2017

This study conducted a survey on the time serial change in the aging ratio and population structure in new towns and their housing complex of Korea and Japan, and revealed the differences in the factors that affect the aging ratio in new towns of Korea and Japan through a comparison of the housing provision of housing complex with a high aging ratio. Rapid aging is underway around the housing complexes that were developed in the beginning of Tama new town in Japan. Agingtends to increase in proportion to the opening time of the housing complex. Rental housing residents of early migration households showed rapid aging because they had generation separation early due to narrow housing. On the other hand, Bundang new town maintains a lower aging ratio and speed than Seoul and Seoul metropolitan area due to the constant influx of student population. On the other hand, aging is more likely to increase in large houses due to the depression of the real estate market.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2014

Using multivariate GARCH model, we estimate the relationship between the housing sale prices and lease prices in the Korean housing market. In the analysis of relationship between the rate of changes in sale and lease prices, the correlation coefficient of the apartment and detached house is higher than that of the townhouse. By housing type, the correlation coefficient between detached house and townhouse is higher than between apartment and detached house or apartment and townhouse. By housing size, there are no significant different results between the sales price and the rental price. The correlation coefficient between medium and small size is the highest in the apartment housing market, whereas the correlation coefficient between large and medium size is the highest in the detached housing market, resulting from the fact that people may be more interested in medium- and small-sized apartment and large- and medium-sized detached house. In the detached housing market, the correlation coefficient between large-medium size and medium-small size in the rental price is higher than that of sales price. This result implies that the process of the decision making between purchasing and leasing a house might be different.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.322-335
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• 2019

Objectives: The goal of this study is to standardize industry, process, and job within work environment measurement information. Methods: We selected 180 work environment measurement reports on 30 industries from a database monitored from 2014 to 2016 by the Korea Industrial Health Association. Ten industrial hygienists, each with over five years of experience in measurement, conducted a primary standardization of 180 reports. Two professional industrial hygienists with more than 20 years of experience each reviewed and revised the results of the primary standardization. We also examined the validity on the usefulness of the standardized database by the two industrial hygienists. Results: The final standardization results were classified into eight major categories, 23 sub-major categories, 39 minor categories, 53 unit categories and 70 sub-unit categories in the Korean Standard Industrial Classification (KSIC) 10th revision. A total of 161 processes were standardized, and there were 148 processes with K2B codes. Standard job was coded into 13 job groups including operator, automobile maintenance, nurse, maintenance, manager, excavating machine operator, forklift driver, radiologist, clinical pathologist, signer, researcher, kitchen assistant, and concrete reinforcement ironworker. Conclusions: Although the standardized information in this study may be only a part of the total information, it can be useful for improvement of the K2B system. Additional research is needed for an ongoing clean-up of data in the K2B and re-calibration and reclassification of standard processes until the future national exposure monitoring system is fully established.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2015

We analyze an M/G/1/K queueing system with queue-length dependent service and arrival rates. There are a single server and a buffer with finite capacity K including a customer in service. The customers are served by a first-come-first-service basis. We put two thresholds $L_1$ and $L_2$($${\geq_-}L_1$$ ) on the buffer. If the queue length at the service initiation epoch is less than the threshold $L_1$, the service time of customers follows $S_1$ with a mean of ${\mu}_1$ and the arrival of customers follows a Poisson process with a rate of ${\lambda}_1$. When the queue length at the service initiation epoch is equal to or greater than $L_1$ and less than $L_2$, the service time is changed to $S_2$ with a mean of $${\mu}_2{\geq_-}{\mu}_1$$. The arrival rate is still ${\lambda}_1$. Finally, if the queue length at the service initiation epoch is greater than $L_2$, the arrival rate of customers are also changed to a value of $${\lambda}_2({\leq_-}{\lambda}_1)$$ and the mean of the service times is ${\mu}_2$. By using the embedded Markov chain method, we derive queue length distribution at departure epochs. We also obtain the queue length distribution at an arbitrary time by the supplementary variable method. Finally, performance measures such as loss probability and mean waiting time are presented.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 2021

As the number of small households (1 to 2 persons per household) in Korea gradually increases, so does the importance of housing supply policies for small households. In response to the increase in small households, the government has been continuously supplying urban housing for these households. Since housing for small households is a sales and rental business similar to apartments and general business facilities, it is important for the building owner to calculate the project's estimated construction duration during the planning stage. Review of literature found a model for estimating the duration of construction of large-scale buildings but not for small-scale buildings such as urban housing for small households. Therefore this study aimed to develop and verify a model for estimating construction duration for urban housing at the planning stage based on multiple regression analysis. Independent variables inputted into the estimation model were building site area, building gross floor area, number of below ground floors, number of above ground floors, number of buildings, and location. The modified coefficient of determination (R_a²) of the model was 0.547. The developed model resulted in a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 171.26 days and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 26.53%. The developed estimation model is expected to provide reliable construction duration calculations for small-scale urban residential buildings during the planning stage of a project.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.263-283
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• 2011

As China has achieved continuous high growth, innovative housing system and rapid growth of housing finance for thirty years since its reforming and opening, Chinese real estate industry has developed rapidly, investment in real estate has increased remarkably and price of real estate has increased continuously. In particular, as China joined WTO in 2001, overseas companies have expanded investment in Chinese real estate market with chances of potential profit. Recently, management of foreign capital real estate companies has expanded from housing to office buildings and luxury shops. Besides, management has expanded from real estate development to various tasks such as management, brokerage service, lease management and financial investment. In order to measure relationship between FDI in Chinese real estate and Chinese housing price, this document utilizes not only various data such as housing price, FDI to real estate, domestic loan of real estate, interest rate and exchange rate in 35 major cities across China but also previous researches to set an empirical analysis model and analyze effects of foreigners' direct investment in Chinese real estate on Chinese housing price.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.208-216
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• 2019

Rural houses are losing their original shape as they mimic the spatial composition of urban houses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to extract the design elements needed for rural housing by applying Christopher Alexander's "A PATTERN LANGUAGE" to Standard Rural-House Design (SRHD). The scope and method of research was to compare and analyze the standard designs (SD) produced and distributed by the 'Korea Rural Community Corporation' from 2009 to 2014. The research result is summarized as follows. 1) The housing layout in the SD ignored the site conditions of various rural areas. 2) Most of the houses were not actively planned, considering that they contain various activities of rural life. 3) There was no room for children and the kitchen was planned to integrate the interior into a flexible space in the form of L.D.K. 4) There was no space plan that could be used as both a leasable annex and office space for the farming community. 5) Many small area plans were made because of the SD plan for couples only in 2014. Although the rural environment and living patterns were ignored in the SD, the diverse pattern language provided by the pattern language was developed as a SD element for rural houses, which is the most suitable housing plan for the farmers' livelihood pattern.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.225-234
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• 2012

This study analyzes domestic and overseas companies' Scope 3 verification, level of management, source and industry characteristics based on the responses of domestic excellent companies and rated 90 points or more global excellent companies which are included in CDP Korea 200 and CDP Global 500. The result of analysis conveys that global excellent companies' Scope 3 management source achieved the average of 2.7 which is one more than domestic excellent companies', according to the Scope 3 guideline of World Resource Institute and World Business Council of Sustainable Development. For domestic companies are tend to focus on business travel, employee commuting, etc. but didn't manage capital goods, leased assets and investments. Global companies' Scope 3 source is similar to domestic companies but shows more actively managing on investment and use of sold products. It seems that domestic companies should actively develop Scope 3 source especially for the capital related items and respond to the future regulations on inter-enterprise management through the Scope 3.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

The domestic construction industry is changing according to its preference for demand and supply along with urbanization and economic development. Accordingly, initial risk assessments is more important than before. In particular, demand for lease-based investment products such as commercial and office buildings has surged as a substitute for financial products due to low interest rates of banks. Therefore, the objective is to suggest a basic study on financial analysis model development by applying optimization method in residential officetel. To achieve the objective, first, the previous studies are investigated. Second, the causal loop diagram is structured based on the collected data. Third, the system dynamics method is used to develop cost-income simulation and optimization model sequentially. Finally, the developed model was verifed through analyzing a case project. In the future, the proposed model can be helpful whether or not conduct execution of an officetel development project to the decision makers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.272-280
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• 2019

This descriptive research study investigated the relationships between different degrees of family support, ego-resilience and employment volition of patients suffering from alcohol use disorder, and we identified the factors that had an influence on employment volition. This study used the survey research technique and structured questionnaires. The data was collected from 128 males (aged 20 years or older) and who had been diagnosed with alcohol use disorder. They had also undergone either inpatient hospital care or outpatient treatment. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study showed that family support had a value of 4.30, an ego resilience had a value of 2.37 and the employment volition had a value of 4.06. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that there was statistically significant positive correlation between employment volition and ego resilience (${\beta}=-.314$, p<.01) and age (${\beta}=-.253$, p<.01), and the total explanatory power of these 2 factors was 16.3%. According to the results of this study, age-based approaches are needed to improve the employment volition of patients with alcohol use disorder. Additionally, the results of this study suggest that an ego resilience enhancement program be developed and implemented to help these patients.