• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.216-228
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• 2018

In this study analyzed the ponding changing of plastic deformation section follwed time development to apply weather, geometry and traffic data in additon to time development to improve road management service and safety of roads during or after rain. After We selected an 8.3km section of old national highway the Seongnam-Janghowon section and created a three-demensional surface of terrain through the numerical transformantion of design drawing data, with reflection the linear data of the same coordinate system in order to describe more realistic roads, we design additional structures with shading above roads. The altitude and azimuth of the sun were calculated and set based on the longitude and latitude data of the survey line for the analysis of the sun rate, and the daylight impact zone was visualized by setting the shaded time to an interval of 1 hour and the shade rate of the corresponding section. In addition, the evaporation volume calculated from weather data such as temperature, humidity, radiant energy, and road temperature analyzes together, it will use the way of a safer and more efficient road management as grasping the ponding changing more efficent in time development.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 1991

Adult eclosion and emergence behavior of the black pine base scale, Matsucoccus thunbergianae Miller and Park, was studied in a laboratory. Adult eclosion in males did not appear to be limited to a specific time of the day. Newly molted male adults, at room temperatures, usually remained in the cocoons as pre-emergence adults for 0.5-20. days before emerging; most males emerged within one hour after the onset of photophase, and emergence was faster at higher light intensity. Most females molted into adults within three hours after the onset of photophase, and they were active immediately after molting. Quiescence in males appears to help the scales concentrate their sexual activity within a particular period of the day as well as to protect newly molted adults until sexual and locomotive maturity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2005

In case of the roads that pass the mountain area, the cut sections or the tunnels are constructed. And In winter season it appears sunshine few in the specific segment, the shade is continued last and the freezing sections occur. So, the attention is necessary in traffic safety. This study was to evaluate the influence of sunshine and surface freezing sections expected in route plans of roads using GIS and makes alternative ideas in road stability security. After selecting 29 km sections of Donghae highway and creating a 3 dimensional terrain surface through the digital conversion of design plan data, it reflects the road alignment data of the same coordinates and a 3 dimensional road modeling is created. It set shadow time of road surface for the solar trace in the winter solstice in 20 minute interval. Shade areas are displayed and inputed in polygon data by manual vertorizing. Graphic and attribute data of this shade section is constructed in geodatabase of ArcCatalog. And it extracted the freezing section using intersect fuction of the GIS spatial analysis. By analyzing the winter meteorological data of temperature, rainfall, snowfall, humidity, and etc. and grasping dangerous freezing section of the road surface effectively, it will be able to make alternative ideas of the preliminary stability evaluation reflected in basic design.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.217-226
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• 2008

The term, travel-time reliability, refers to variations in journey time that travelers cannot predict. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a standard way to measure travel time reliability. A modified buffer time indicator is proposed. The index is represented by the difference between planned and actual travel times based on lognormal type travel time distribution. Using this framework, a constant function for railways and a negative parabola function for roads are discussed. The model developed is applied to the real data of Korean road and rail usages to empirically verify the methodology proposed. In this process, the unit value of travel time reliability for each group is estimated. The result of this research is expected to be helpful of conducting more cautious economic feasibility studies of transport.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.445-452
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• 2017

Electric pole is a supporting beam used for power transmission/distribution which accelerometer are used for measuring a external force. The meteorological condition has various effects on the external forces of electric pole. One of them is the elasticity change of the aerial wire. It is very important to perform modelling. The acceleration sensor is converted into a pitch and a roll angle. The meteorological condition has a high correlation between variables, and selecting significant explanatory variables for modeling may result in the problem of over-fitting. We constructed high deviance explained model considering multicollinearity using the Generalized Additive Model which is one of the machine learning methods. As a result of the Variation Inflation Factor Test, we selected and fitted the significant variable as temperature, precipitation, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure, dewpoint, hours of daylight and cloud cover. It was noted that the Hours of daylight, cloud cover and air pressure has high explained value in explonatory variable. The average coefficient of determination (R-Squared) of the Generalized Additive Model was 0.69. The constructed model can help to predict the influence on the external forces of electric pole, and contribute to the purpose of securing safety on utility pole.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 2000

The northward shift of the cultivation region of winter barley has been considered because of consecutive warm winters from the middle of 1980's. There was 1.02$^{\circ}C$ rise in mean air temperature during winter barley cropping season from 1975 to 1998. During this period, the maximum air temperature affected the mean air temperature rise rather than the minimum air temperature. The amount of mean precipitation was 513.3 mm during winter barley cropping season from 1975 to 1998 and was least in 1992. Sunshine hours has increased little by little in the all regions except rural regions. The air temperature during winter barley cropping season from 1987 to 1999 in which the winter was warm was higher than the normal air temperature(1961~1990). On the other hand, the air temperature during winter barley cropping season from 1974 through 1986 was similar to the normal air temperature. The amount of mean precipitation during winter barley cropping season from 1987 through 1999 was similar to the normal precipitation except April. During this period, the amount of mean precipitation of April was lower by 26 mm than the normal year(1961~1990). Sunshine hours during winter barley cropping season from 1987 to 1999 decreased generally in comparison with a normal year. Considering the air temperature rise during wintering from 1987 to 1998, it might be possible to extend the cropping area of winter barley northward.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.326-330
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• 2007

도시화 면적이 증가하면 불투수 면적이 증가하고 그에 따라 도시 하천의 평상시 유출이 감소한다. 도시유역의 평상시 수량을 회복시키는 방법으로는 침투 증진시설(투수성 포장, 침투 트렌치, 침투 측구 등)의 설치, 하수의 고도처리 후 방류 저수지에 의한 유황 개선, 지하철 용출수 활용 등이 있다. 우리나라의 경우에 일부 도시하천의 수량 감소가 심각한 상황에 이르고 있으며 이를 해결하고자 하는 노력이 최근에 나타나고 있다. 수량을 회복하려면 유량 평가를 위한 현장조사, 수량회복 계획, 재원의 반영, 수량회복 시설의 설치 및 관리의 순서로 단계별 사업이 수행되어야 한다. 계획 단계의 과업에서 필요한 사항은 여러 가지 수량 회복 방법의 영향을 정량 평가하는 것이다. 이에 핵심이 되는 것은 수량 회복 요소를 포함하거나 추가한 수문순환 평가 도구이다. 침투시설 중 투수성 포장과 침투 트렌치를 모의하도록 기존의 SWMM 모형을 수정하였다. 그 과정에서 증발량 처리와 지하수 출력기능에 대한 오류도 수정되었다. 수정 개발된 SWMM을 침투시설 모형실험 결과와 비교하여 수정된 프로그램의 적합성을 검증하였다. 투수성 포장과 침투 트렌치를 고려하여 수정된 프로그램을 안양천의 지류인 학의천 유역에 적용하여 침투시설의 효과를 분석하였다. 만일 학의천 불투수 면적의 10%를 투수성 포장으로 교체하면 하류 비산교 지점의 저수량$(Q_{275})$이 3 %, 갈수량$(Q_{355})$이 17 % 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 침투 트렌치의 경우 학의천 소유역 별로 100m 트렌치를 $5{\sim}10$개 시공할 경우 저수량은 약 1 %, 갈수량은 약9 %가 증가하였다. 수정 개발된 SWMM을 사용하면 침투 트렌치와 투수성 포장 이 도시 유역의 건기 수량회복에 미치는 영향을 분석할 수 있다.해 경보발령 이전에 한계수위를 넘어서는 경우(case_3)로서 분석되었다. 이러한 실패한 경보발령의 경우에 대한 원인분석 결과, 기존의 모형화를 통해 고려되지 못하였던 해안도시 홍수의 특성 중 총강우량에 대한 고려, 선행강우 여부 및 강우 지속시간, 지속시간 내 강우집중도 그리고 선정지점 내 조위의 영향과 유역내 합류식 하수관거 시스템의 영향 등 자연유역과는 다른 다소 복잡한 요소를 고려한 해안도시홍수 경보발령 기준에 대한 개선이 필요함을 확인할 수 있었다.이 좋다고 고찰된다. 6. 우리 나라의 현행 수도작기로 본 기온 및 일조조건은 수도의 분얼전기에 대해서는 호조건하에 놓여 있으나, 분얼후기인 7월 중ㆍ하순 경의 일조부족과 고온다습조건은 병해, 특히 도열병의 유발원인이 되고 있다. 7. 우리 나라의 현행수도작기로 본 전국각지의 수도의 출수기는 모두 일조시간이 적은 부적당한 시기에 처해 있다. 8. 출수후 40일간의 평균기온에 의한 적산온도 88$0^{\circ}C$의 출현기일은 수원에서 8월 23일이었고, 년간편차를 고려한 안전출수기일은 8월 19일로서 적산온도면에서는 관행 출수기일은 약간 늦다고 보았다. 9. 등열기의 평균기온에 의한 적산온도는 현행 수도작기로서는 최종한계시기에 놓여 있으며, 평균기온의 년간편차와 우리 나라의 최저기온이 낮은 점을 고려할 때, 현행출수기는 다소 늦은 것으로 보았다. 10. 생육단계별의 수도체내의 질소함량은 영양생장기의 질소함량이 과다하였으며, 출수 이후에 영양조락을 여하히 방지하느냐가 문제된다고 보았다. 11. 수리불안전답 및 천수답이 차지하는 전답면적의 비율은 차차 감소되고 있는데, 이와 전체 10a당 수량의 증가율과의 상관계수를 산출하였는데, 수리불안전답과의 상관계수 (4)는 +0.525였으며, 천수답과는 r=+0.832, 그리고 수리불안전답과 천수답을 합계한 것과의

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 1976

A series of rooting experiments of P. radiata needle fascicles were carried out in test tubes using peat-pumice medium to see a possibility of rooting fascicles in test tubes and, if possible, to find out whether that method can improve the rooting. Typical rooting of clones from ortets aged 3, 7, 11. 18, and over 40, respectively, was 57%, 47%, 18%, 4%, and 2%. The effect of ortet ages upon rooting of fascicle cuttings was significantly exerted in these experiments. In the older ortets these results are not as good as those often obtained in a glasshouse. Hormones tested (indolebutyric acid and abscisic acid) had no significant effect on rooting and neither did a series of fungicides tested. Needle fascicles placed in an 18 hour day at $20^{\circ}/10^{\circ}C$ (day/night temperature) rooted signficantly better than those in a 10 hour day at the same temperature regime. The latter in turn rooted better than those set under a 10 hour day at $15^{\circ}/5^{\circ}C$. Clonal differences in rooting ability were also distinct in every trial of the present experiments with needle fascicles.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.751-759
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• 2014

Currently, due to global warming, occurrences of extreme climate phenomena such as heat wave, heavy snow, heavy rain, super typhoon are continuously increasing all over the world. Due to these extreme climate phenomena, concrete structures and infrastructures are exposed to serious deterioration and damage. However, researches on construction technologies and standards to confront the climate change generated problems are needed presently. In order to better handle these problems, the validity of the present concrete mixture proportions are evaluated considering wind speed and sunlight exposure time based on climate change record in Seoul, Korea. The specimens cured at various wind speed and sunlight exposure time conditions were tested to obtain their compressive and split tensile strengths at various curing ages. Moreover, performance based evaluation (PBE) method was used to analyze the target strength satisfaction percentage of the concrete cured for the curing conditions. From the probabilistic method of performance evaluation of concrete performance, feasibility and usability of current concrete mix design practice for climate change conditions can be evaluated.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.108-111
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• 2014

수많은 시간동안 농가 만족과 고품질 제품 생산이라는 두 마리 토끼를 잡기 위해 끊임없는 연구와 실험을 거듭해온 팜텍. 끝없는 연구와 실험은 현재까지도 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으며, 양계 농가의 생산성 향상과 소득증대에 일조하기 위해 생균과 효소를 이용한 제품 생산에 박차를 가하고 있다. 생균은 효소와 떼려야 뗄 수 없는 관계인데, 쉽게 설명해서 생균이 가축의 장 내 기능을 활성화시키는 존재라면 효소는 생균이 더 열심히 일을 할 수 있도록 에너지를 전달해주는 역할을 한다. 이번호에는 일령 단계별 맞춤 사료첨가제로 농가 수익에 도움을 주는 팜텍(대표 강석상)을 소개코자 한다.