• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.1116-1120
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• 2005

Purpose : Although the rotavirus-related neonatal death occurred in western part of Kyeonggi Province recently, there were just a few reports about rotavirus gastroentertis in domestic since 2000. We proposed to investigate changes of epidemiology and clinical features of rotavirus gastroenteritis for the last 2 years. Methods : We selected 166 patients diagnosed as gastroenteritis from January, 2002 to July, 2003 and reviewed the admission records retrospectively such as age distribution, sex ratio, seasonal distribution, admission period, laboratory data and dehydration type in the rotavirus group(RVG) and non-RVG. Results : The percentage of patient under 3 years was 77% on RVG. The non-RVG showed even age distribution(P<0.05). In RVG, patients occurred in March frequently and 52% occurred from January to March. In non-RVG, patients occurred highly in February and July(P<0.05). The average of admission period was higher in RVG than non-RVG(P<0.05). The percentage of patient admitted for over 10 days was 8% in the RVG. In dehydration severity, the RVG showed mild(51%), moderate(44%) and severe(5%) respectively, but non-RVG showed only mild dehydration(P<0.05). The laboratory findings' did not have statistic significance between RVG and non-RVG. Conclusion : Compared to the previous studies, seasonal peak prevalence of rotavirus gastroenteritis changed from autumn to spring and patients over 3 years increased. Therefore, we suggest that there are variable serotypes of rotavirus domestically and there is a need for reinvestigation about clinical features and serotypes of rotavirus gastroenteritis.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.249-260
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• 2024

Background: The Republic of Korea's aging population escalates medical and long-term care costs. While prior research has suggested that long-term care might reduce these costs, these studies had limitations in their subjects and duration, making it difficult to generalize the results. This study aims to evaluate cost changes between the long-term care group and the general older adults group after addressing these limitations. Methods: A cohort was derived from the 2015 national population using stratified sampling. Subsequently, 15,114 individuals (7,557 in each group) were identified through 1:1 propensity score matching. The study employed a difference-in-differences analysis to explore variances in medical costs and long-term care benefits post-utilization of long-term care services. Results: Compared to the general older adults group, the long-term care group experienced a reduction in monthly per capita total medical costs by 56,459 Korean won (KRW). Although costs at tertiary and general hospitals increased, those related to long-term care hospitals decreased by 90,687 KRW. Including long-term care benefits, overall expenditures increased by 948,038 KRW. Conclusion: The analysis reveals that the long-term care group faces higher medical costs in acute care than the general older adults group, emphasizing a greater need for medical services within this group. To meet the increasing medical demands of the long-term care group, a collaborative strategy linking community resources, healthcare, and long-term care facilities is imperative. Additionally, developing and implementing preventive health habit management strategies for middle-aged and older adults is essential to diminish the future requirement for long-term care.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.3856-3868
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• 2011

Until recently, research trend in real estate has been focused on real estate market and the market analysis. But the studies on real estate training program development for real estate agents to improve their job performance are relatively short in numbers. Thus, this study shows empirical analysis of the needs for the training programs for real estate agents in Cheonan to improve their job performance. The results are as follows. First, in the survey of asking what educational contents they need in order to improve real estate agents' job performance, most of the respondents show their needs for the analysis of house's value, legal knowledge, real estate management, accounting, real estate marketing, and understanding of the real estate policy. This is because they are well aware that the best way of responding to the changing clients' needs comes from training programs. Secondly, asked about real estate marketing strategies, most of respondents showed their awareness of new strategies to meet the needs of clients. This is because new forms of marketing strategies including internet ads are needed in the field as the paradigm including Information Technology changes. Thirdly, asked about the need for real estate-related training programs, 92% of the respondents answered they need real estate education programs run by the continuing education centers of the universities. In addition, the survey showed their needs for retraining programs that utilize the resources in the local universities. Other than this, to have effective and efficient training programs, they demanded running a training system by utilizing the human resources of the universities under the name of the department of 'Real Estate Contract' for real estate agents' job performance. Fourthly, the survey revealed real estate management(44.2%) and real estate marketing(42.3%) is the most chosen contents they want to take in the regular course for improving real estate agents' job performance. This shows their will to understand clients' needs through the mind of real estate management and real estate marketing. The survey showed they prefer the training programs as an irregular course to those in the regular one. Despite the above results, this study chose subjects only in Cheanan and thus it needs to research more diverse areas. The needs of programs to improve real estate agents job performance should be analyzed empirically targeting the real estate agents not just in Cheonan but also cities like Pyeongchon, Ilsan and Bundang in which real estate business is booming, as well as undergraduate and graduate students whose major is real estate studies. These studies will be able to provide information to help develop the customized training programs by evaluating elements that real estate agents need in order to meet clients satisfaction and improve their job performance. Many variables of the program development learned through these studies can be incorporated in the curriculum of the real estate studies and used very practically as information for the development of the real estate studies in this fast changing era.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.441-463
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• 2015

The big issue of mathematics education in 2009 revised curriculum is to introduce story-telling in math textbook and to aim toward the math that students can learn easily and interestingly. Therefore, this study examine the perception of middle school teachers in working with story-telling, analyze actual utilization of story-telling in class and provide the basic materials for effective practical application. After making questionnaires to check the real conditions of the story-telling and asking math teachers in charge of the first and second graders, this research came to the conclusion as follows. First, the teachers who took part in this research showed positive perception in story-telling textbook the practical use of a variety of materials and the improvement of thinking faculty and creativity. Second, math teachers made use of a variety of storytelling data and especially reflection media in class, but this was limited in introductory part. Mathematic concept was delivered mainly through the activities of exchanging questions and answers between the teachers and students. Third, students showed positive reaction about story-telling class on the whole. For example, they understood the concept easily and they could apply it in real life. However, story-telling failed to bring the attention and interest of math itself. Therefore, teachers' ability is needed in the way that math knowledge and concept should be formed and expressed interestingly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2000

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the oxygen content in fuel (an oxygenate), resulting in less air-polluting carbon monoxide being released from vehicle exhaust systems. Then, groundwater contamination problems have been developed in areas where the chemical is used. Common sources of water contamination by MTBE include leaking underground gasoline storage tanks and leaks and spills from above ground fuel storage tanks, etc.. Studies on the chemical and these problems are going on abroad vigorously. These studies should be performed in our country as well more actively. This paper reviews on articles on these studies and focuses on the identification of the chemical as a groundwater contamination source.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2014

In the late 1980s, 5 new towns such as Bundang, Ilsan, Pyeongchon, Sanborn, Jungdong were constructed to solve housing problems and to disperse functions concentrated within Seoul. As the city got matured, it began to appear the initial signs of urban problems such as aging of high rise-density apartment sites, traffic congestion, lack of parking spaces and aging of infrastructure. Therefore, in order to cope with urban problems, it is very important to apprehend the process of urban growth, its change and the feature of physical/human elements. So, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the changes in housing and population characteristics for past 20 years by use of Census data from 1995 to 2010. First, the new town's goal of population and housing plan at the time of construction was analyzed how it was achieved, and it is close to the performance of the goal. And the trend of changes in the population and household characteristics was analyzed by every five year's data. As the result of analysis, it shows socio-demographic changes such as aged and elderly population growth, rapid increase in one generation's household and single person household, highly educated city, monthly rent household's increase and charter household's reduction. Results of this analysis can be utilized to aforethought management of new towns. But it is required more sustained and systematic urban monitoring and data analysis because the one-off analysis of the city's characteristics alone is difficult enough to grasp them.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2010

When people are shopping at a large shopping mall, they usually become to go around many stores for looking for better products and comparing them. In this paper, we design and implement a purchasing activity support system based on an Ambient Service Model that provides relevant stores information on map interface hierarchically through user contexts based search, to support such user's purchasing activities with the help of relevant information. In this system, users can search for relevant stores information through the system by Ambient Query which is created by their location and stores information with a mobile device. Then, users obtain relevant stores information provided in the form of hierarchy of keywords as a highly condensed summary and easily figure out the locations of the stores on a map interface. Moreover, users search additional other kinds of relevant stores information over the hierarchy of keywords. Eventually, users can obtain relevant stores information intuitively and conveniently without complex search processes. We implemented this system by integrating the subordinate technologies such as RFID, map-based, location-based and ontology technology. We also performed experiments on a well-known shopping region (Ilsan Lapesta shopping mall, Goyang-city Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Finally, we also confirmed that users' shopping activities were significantly improved by utility the present system.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2006

Enzymatic extracts were prepared from the blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) collected in Jeju, Korea. Five carbohydrases namely AMG, Celluclast, Termamyl, Ultraflo and Viscozyme, and five proteases namely Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Kojizyme, Neutrase and Protamex were used to prepare the enzymatic extracts. Antioxidant properties of each extracts were studied using stable 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, metal chelating assays and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity in hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid system. The phenolic content of all enzymatic extracts was in the range of 517.85-597.96 mg/100 g dried sample. DPPH and NO${\cdot}$scavenging, and metal chelating assays exhibited prominent activities. Viscozyme showed the highest DPPH activity $(0.046{\pm}0.002\;mg/mL)$ while AMG Showed the highest activity in NO${\cdot}$scavenging $(0.339{\pm}0.011\;mg/mL)$. All the extracts exhibited strong metal chelating activities. Blueberry enzymatic extracts also showed relatively good activity in hydrogen peroxide scavenging. AMG showed the highest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity $(0.28{\pm}0.01\;mg/mL)$ in hemoglobin-induced linoleic acid system. In this results, the blueberry, which has potential antioxidant components, may be a good candidate as a natural antioxidant source.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2014

We carried out an ecological survey for Ceratovacuna japonica, which lives in bamboos, at the experimental field of National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon and the several natural fields in Korea from 2010 to 2011. The releasing methods of C. japonica on Pseudosasa japonica was more effective at the brushing-off method than the pining-attached method. The successful rate of releasing was the highest at green house than others such as at outdoor, vinyl green house and in a insects net conditions. The survival limit of C. japonica was closely associated with the lowest temperature ($-10^{\circ}C$) of vegetative limit of P. japonica for over wintering because of two fields of Ilsan lake park and Guri ecological park showed falling down below $-15^{\circ}C$ two times in January. It provides for a reasonable distribution information of C. japonica that is restricted to south of Han River. However, the middle of Korea has rarely fallen down below $-10^{\circ}C$. Therefore, we consider that a successful rearing of C. japonica may be the most suitable in green house condition to overcome winter period.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.114-124
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• 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the interaction effects of individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation on the onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data from 2002 to 2013 were used. A total of 50,954 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from 2004 to 2012 and aged 30 years or above were included. We classified patients into six groups according to individual income level and neighborhood deprivation: 'high in advantaged,' 'high in disadvantaged,' 'middle in advantaged,' 'middle in disadvantaged,' 'low in advantaged,' and 'low in disadvantaged.' We calculated hazard ratios (HR) of onset of diabetes complication and diabetes-related hospitalization using the Cox proportional hazard model, with the reference group as diabetes patients with high income in advantaged regions. Results: In terms of the interaction effects of individual income level and regional socioeconomic level, even with the same low individual income level, the group with a high regional socioeconomic level (low in advantaged) showed low HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.08) compared to the 'low in disadvantaged' group (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16). In addition, the 'high in advantaged' group showed slightly higher HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11) compared to the 'low in advantaged' and it appeared to be associated with slight mitigation of the risk of diabetes complication. For the low-income level, the patients in disadvantaged regions showed the highest HRs for diabetes-related hospitalization (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19-1.41) compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Although we need to perform further investigations to reveal the mechanisms that led to our results, interaction effects individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation might be associated with on onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients.