• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.226-236
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• 1997

교통사고의 주요 원인은 운전자의 부주의에서 유발되며운전자의 부주의는 운전환경에 대한 인 식의 결핍에서 유발되어진다. 따라서 교통환경에 대한 정보제공을 위하여 정량적 분석과 위험지 수의 제시가 필요된다. 본 연구는 위험지수 산출을 위한 시험작이라 할 수 있다. 위험지수를 산출하는데 필요한 기본적 자료수집과 분석과정을 보여주었으며, 위험지수 산출로직의 기초를 만드는데 주력하였다. 또한 그 응용에 대한 비젼을 제시를 하였다. 교통환경의 정량적 분석을 위하여 교통환경을 요인별로 나누어 요인분석법을 이용하였으며 분석 패키지로는 SAS 프로그램을 활용하였다. 위험지수는 요인 및 수준별로 분류한 후 각 분류에 따른 가중치에 의해서 주어지며 위험지수는 수치와 문자 및 막대그래프에 의해 표현하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 운전자에게 정량적 정보의 제공으로 운전상황에 대한 좀더 명확한 인식을 심어주고 또한 경각심을 고취시켜 안전운행 에 도움이 되도록 하였다.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.183-217
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• 2012

This study explores the identity-formation of adult Korean-American intentional adoptees who studied Korean in a Korean language center in New York from 2005 to 2007. Based on participant observation in the classroom, observations of student conversations in their gatherings, and discourse analysis of conversations related to why they were studying Korean, I found that adoptees felt that their lack of knowledge of Korean had caused them to fall short of expectations of ethnic Koreans. Stereotyped as Korean (or Asian) based on their looks, they were often assumed to possess knowledge of and skills associated with Korean culture, which they of course lacked. They were motivated to study Korean (and acquaint themselves with Korean culture) in order to meet these expectations.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.520-525
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• 2009

Early onset of Batten disease (EBD), one of the most lethal neurodegenerative storage disorders of childhood, is caused by inactivating mutations in the Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, Neuronal (CLN1) gene. Neurogranin, a calmodulin-binding protein, is expressed in the brain and participates in the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway. While oxidative stress is the suggested cause of neurodegeneration in EBD, its molecular mechanism(s) remains obscure. In this research, we examined the levels of neurogranin in the brain mRNA of wild-type (WT) mice and EBD knockout (KO) mice, as well as the proteins. We also performed neuronal cultures to measure the expression levels of neurgranin and phosphorylated-neurogranin with or without oxidative stress inducers and anti-oxidants. Results showed that neurogranin in both EBD KO mice brain mRNA and protein extracts decreased in an age dependent manner. However, high amounts of phosphorylated-neurogranin were detected in the 6-month brain. This pattern was also confirmed by cultured neurospheres samples. Moreover, neurospheres treated with $H_2O_2$, an oxidative stress inducer, showed increased phosphorylated-neurogranin patterns. Interestingly, this pattern returned to normal status when treated with N-acetyl-L-cystein, an anti-oxidant, after $H_2O_2$ treatment was performed. Our results suggest that the phosphorylation of neurogranin is affected by oxidative stress status in EBD, and appropriate anti-oxidant treatment will relieve hyper-phosphorylation of neurogranin.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2004

Objectives：The study was performed to compare the executive function(EF；Inhibition, Planning and Working memory) between ADHD and normal group, and to controll the effect of age and intelligence. And the function of inhibition was assessed in two dimensions(cognitive inhibition and motor inhibition). Methods：K-WISC III and EF test(Go-No-Go, Stroop test, Tower of Hanoi, Digit) was administered to both 25 children with ADHD and 25 normal control participants, all aged between 7 and 12. The results were analyzed after statistically controlled for age and intelligence. Results：Children in the ADHD group had significantly lower IQ score than those in the control group and consistent relations were found between the child's age and the study's major variables. Once IQ and age were controlled, results indicated that children with ADHD had deficit only cognitive inhibition and motor inhibition. There was no significant difference in planning and working memory. Conclusion：These results suggested that specific deficits in inhibition control rather than general EF deficits are associated with ADHD. So inhibition is the core problem of children with ADHD. Thus, the therapeutic approach focused on cognitive inhibition and motor inhibition is required.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of phosphorus deficiency on nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis of nitrogen fixing soybean plant under $CO_2$ enrichment condition. The soybean plants(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum MN 110 were grown with P-stressed(0.05 mM-P) and control(1 mM-P) treatment under control$(400\;{\mu}l/L\;CO_2)$ and enrichment$(800\;{\mu}l/L\;CO_2)$ enviromental condition in the phytotron equipped with high density lamp$(1000\;{\mu}Em^{-2}S^{-1})$ and $28/22^{\circ}C$ temperature cycle for 35 days after transplanting(DAT). At 35 DAT, phosphorus deficiency decreased total dry mass by 64% in $CO_2$ enrichment condition, and 51% in control $CO_2$ condition. Total leaf area was reduced significantly by phosphorus deficiency in control and enriched $CO_2$ condition but specific leaf weight was increased by P deficiency. Phosphorus deficiency significantly reduced photosynthetic rate(carbon exchange rate) and internal $CO_2$ concentration in leaf in both $CO_2$ treatments, but the degree of stress was more severe under $CO_2$ enrichment condition than under control $CO_2$ environmental condition. In phosphorus sufficient plants, $CO_2$ enrichment increased nodule fresh weight and total nitrogenase activity(acetylene reduction) of nodule by 30% and 41% respectively, but specific nitrogenase activity of nodule and nodule fresh weight was not affected by $CO_2$ enrichment in phosphorus deficient plant at 35 DAT. Total nitrogen concentrations in stem, root and nodule tissue were significantly higher in phosphorus sufficient plant grown under $CO_2$ enrichment, but nitrogen concentration in leaf was reduced by 30% under $CO_2$ enrichment. These results indicate that increasing $CO_2$ concentration does not affect plant growth under phosphorus deficient condition and phosphorus stress might inhibit carbohydrate utilization in whole plant and that $CO_2$ enrichment could not increase nodule formation and functioning under phosphorus deficient conditions and phosphorus has more important roles in nodule growth and functioning under $CO_2$ enrichment environments than under ambient condition.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 2001

Background : Alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is the only established genetic risk factor for emphysema. This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of the genotypes of A1AT genotypes in healthy Koreans. Method : The study population consisted of 380 Healthy Koreans enrolled at the Health Promotion Center in Kyungpook National University Hospital. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphim (RFLP) for detecting the A1AT variants M1(Ala), M1(Val), M2, S and Z were used. Results : The genotypes of subjects were as follows : M1(Val)/M1(Val), 254(66.8%) ; M1(Val)/M2, 105(27.6%) ; M2/M2, 19 (5.0%) ; and M1(Val)/M1(Ala), 2 (0.5%). There was no case with 'deficiency' alleles such as S and Z found in this study. Conclusion : These results suggest that A1AT deficient alleles are either extremely rare or not present in Koreans.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2007

Current study was conducted to identify the effects of dietary supplementation of Aspergillus oryzae ferments (AOF) cultured under normal (NAOF) or nitrogen-deficient (NMAOF) environment on feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility for broiler chicks. Fecal microbes and ammonia gas production were also determined. A total of 168 male Avian chicks, 2-wk-old, were randomly assigned into 56 cages, three chicks per cage. There were seven treatments (Control, NAOF 0.05, 0.1, 0.5%, NMAOF 0.05, 0.1, 0.5%), with 8 replicates (cages) per treatment. There was no significant difference in nutrient digestibility between two AOF groups, but the digestibility was greatly(p<0.05) improved by AOF supplementation. Total microbial account significantly (p<0.05) differed between the treatment groups with the highest number for NNAOF, followed by NAOF and control. In the case of Escherichia coli and Salmonella, the AOF supplementation significantly (p<0.05) reduced their numbers in feces, with a particular reduction in NNAOF group. Levels of ammonia gas generation were in order of control>NAOP>NNAOP. The current data implied that AOF supplementation, particularly grown under nitrogen-deficient environment, would be a feasible way to improve feed efficiency for broiler production, as well as to reduce environmental cost. However, further studies remain for industrial application.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.90-103
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• 1996

식물 양분으로서 유황의 중요성에 관심이 증가되고 있으며 더욱이 대기에서 유래된 유황함량이 감소되고 집약적인 농업으로 유황의 수요가 늘어나고 있다. 호주에서 유황 부족 현상이 1915에 확인된 이래 이 문제를 해결하기 위한 장기적이고 지속적인 연구가 수행되었다. 1980년까지 과석 사용으로 유황의 결핍상황은 나타나지 않았으나 작물 재배가 집약화되고 과석이 고농도비료로 대체되어 사용되면서 유황부족 현상이 증가되었다. 호주의 다우 지역에서 수행된 인광석 시험포장 30군데 중$43\%$가 2년 차에서 효과가 있었다. 토양 유황 검정사업을 통해 유황 분포상황을 파악하게 되었고 시기에 맞는 연구를 통하여 유황 비료 시용으로 유황 결핍을 극복할수 있는 비료정책 발전에 기여하게 되었다. 인도네시아에서는 유황 부족 현상은 과석과 유기질 비료 시용에서 중과석과 요소로 대체되면서 진전되었다. 쌀 생산을 위한 국가 계획에 유안을 질소로서 $25\%$ 포함시킨 효과적인 지도 활동으로 좋은 결과를 얻고 있다. 시비관리로 유황 부족 지역에 유황을 시용하는 노력을 지속하고 있다. 쌀 생산을 위한 유황비료 종류, 시용시기 및 위치 등에 관한 연구가 실용적으로 수행되고 있다. 인도네시아에서의 효과적인 종합 양분으로서의 유황 문제 해결은 연구, 지도, 행정 및 산업계의 상호 밀접한 관계를 요구하고 있다. 중국에서는 유황 부족 토양은 대기로의 유황 방출이 감소되고 고농도 비료, 저유황 비료의 시용으로 급격하게 증가되고 있다. 대부분의 중국 토양은 유황 흡수능이 낮아 생산성은 시용 유황 함량에 따라 결정된다. 유황 결핍과 양분으로서의 수지균형 관계를 이해 하므로서 농업에서의 유황 관리 체계 수립이 무엇보다 중요하다.X>$\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$에서는 5.4%로서 가장 낮은 성장을 보였다. 성장률의 전체적인 양상은 노출농도가 증가할수록 성장이 떨어지는 결과를 보였으며, 사료효율과 마찬가지로 노출농도 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$ L$^{-1}$ 이상에서 유의한 감소를 나타냈다.circ}C$에서 각각 3.95-28.9개, 2.9-28.95개 및 1.7-13.6개로 제공된 먹이간에 차이가 현저하였다. 따라서 먹이간 성충 포식량의 현저한 차이는 기주선호성에 따른 것으로 생각된다.군에서 높았으며, elongation index(20:4$\omega$6⇒22:4$\omega$6)는 old군에서 낮았다. 대부분의 elongation과 desaturation 단계는 연령에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이지 못하였으나, $\omega$3계 지방산의 전체적 elongation-desaturation 단계를 나타내는 products-fatty acid($\omega$3)/a-LNA($\omega$3) 비율이 old군에서 young군보다 유의하게 높아, 연령에 따른 PUFA 대사의 변화가 관찰되었다. 이 상에서와 같이, 콩 단백질의 섭취로 흰쥐 혈장 인지질의 ∑MUFA조성은 낮고 ∑SFA 조성은 높아 다른 지질 강화성 분의 섭취와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 수준이 높은 old군에서 체내 막조직의 유동성을 유지하기 위해 PUFA의 합성 특히 $\omega$3계 지방산의 elongation-desaturation이 증가하여 총 PUFA 조성이

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.727-737
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• 2015

The study investigated the relationship between vitamin D status and lifestyle risk factors in office workers. A total of 515 office workers(336 men and 179 women) aged 30 years or older were voluntarily recruited from S-city. Along with serum vitamin D levels, lifestyle risk factors including obesity index, physical fitness, metabolic risk factors, lipids profile and sedentary behavior were measured using standardized protocols. Subjects were classified as deficiency (<20ng/mL), insufficiency (20-29ng/mL), and sufficiency (≥30ng/mL) based on serum vitamin D levels. Linear contrast analysis using one-way ANOVA showed significant linear decreases in mean body fat (p=.030) and sedentary behavior (p<.001) and significant linear increases in skeletal muscle (p=.037), cardiorespiratory fitness (p<.001) and HDL-C (p=.013) across incremental serum vitamin D levels. Compared with the low cardiorespiratory fitness group, the high cardiorespiratory fitness group had a significantly higher odds ratio (men OR=2.144, p=.042, women OR=1.971, p=.045) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. Compared to the shortest sitting time group, the longest sitting time group had a significantly higher odds-ratio in a group of female office workers (OR=1.262, p=.043) for having vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency even adjustment after age. The current findings of the study showed that poor physical fitness and sedentary behavior were the risk factors of low serum vitamin D levels, implying the urgent need for a healthy lifestyle modification along with vitamin D supplementation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.739-746
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• 2001

To assess the nutrient intakes and diet quality of middle school students living in Kangneung area a dietary survey using th 3-day food record was conducted with 226 subjects. Mean daily energy intake was 2114$\pm$502 kcal with 61.6% of energy supplied by carbohydrate 16.4% by protein and 22.0% by fat. As well as insufficiencies in calcium and iron intakes the bioavailability of calcium and iron consumed is considered to low because most of them came from plant origins. For calcium iron vitamin A and vitamin B$_2$the proportions of subjects with intake levels less than 75% of RDA were all over 46%. The mean adequacy ratio(MAR) an index of overall dietary quality was 0.70 for males and 0.73 for females. The indexes of nutritional quality (INQ) were over 1 for most nutrients except 4 nutrients; 0.48 of calcium 0.64 of iron 0.73 of vitamin A and 0.79 of vitamin B$_2$. Nutrient intake levels less than 75% of RDA may be appropriate as a criteria for insufficiency of nutrient intakes. Based on these results it is evident that some of middle school students in Kangneung area did not consume enough nutrients especially calcium iron and vitamin A.