• Title/Summary/Keyword: 인체척도

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Postural Stability Measures Estimated from the Center of Pressure Signal During Static Posture Maintenance (정적자세 유지시 압력중심신호를 이용한 자세안정도 지표화)

  • 차은종;김경아;이태수
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.559-566
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    • 1999
  • 환자의 기능평가를 위하여 중요한 자세균형의 유지는 압력중심(COP) 의 동요 신호를 직접 연속적으로 계측함으로써 가능하다. COP 신호로부터 다양한 종류의 자세안정도지표를 산출할 수 있으나 임상적으로 유용한 최소한의 지표종류로는 규명된 바 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인체가 서있는 상태의 정적자세를 유지할 때 압력중심 신호로부터 자세안정도지표를 산출하여 분석함으로써 임상적 유용성이 가장 큰 지표의 종류를 결정하고자 하였다. 양발을 편안히 벌리거나 (FS), 모두 모으거나(FT), 한쪽발 만으로(RL, LL)서있는 자세에 대해서 양쪽 눈을 뜨거나(EO) 감은(EC)8가지 정적자세를 취하며 30초간 자세균형을 유지시켰다. 자세형태에 따른 안정도의 척도로서 신체가 지면을 차지하는 면적(S)을 사용하였다. 자세안정도지표로서 1)position deviation, 2) position turn 3) velocity의 3가지로 분류할 수 있는 18가지 지표를 설정하였다. 피검자는 20, 30, 40 ,50 대 정상인을 연령대 별로 각각 남·녀 5명씩 고르게 총 40명을 선정하여 실험하였다. 자세안정도지표 모두가 S와 비교적 높은 유의한 상관관계를 보인 바 인을 연령대 별로 각각 남·녀 5명씩 고르게 총 40명을 선정하여 실험하였다. 자세안정도지표 모두가 S와 비교적 높은 유의한 상관관계를 보인바 (상관계수=0.6∼0.8, P<0.0001), S가 자세형태를 정량화 할 수 있음을 입증하였다. 모든 지표들에 있어서 시각의 영향이 뚜렷하였으며 특히 자세가 불안해질수록 상대적으로 시각의 영향이 두드러졌다. 그러나 시각의 영향의 지표들간의 차이는 없었다. 반면 노화(연령증가)에 따른 안정도지표의 변화는 미미하였으며 위의 3가지 안정도지표분류 중 position deviation 지표만이 통계적으로 유의한(P<0.05) 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 정적자세유지시 안정도지표로는 position deviation 지표들이 가장 예민함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 position deviation 지표들과 연령과의 상관계수는 0.5이하로서 매우 느슨한 상관관계를 보였으며, 연령증가에 따른 자제불안정도의 증가도 매우 작아서 그 임상적 응용가능성은 의문시되었다. 또한 위에서 제시한 3가지의 분류의 지표중 position turn 과 velocity 지표의 의미에 관해서는 향후 심층적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

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Effects of Glue Sniffing on Weight Increase or Central Nervous System of Young Rat (반복된 본드 흡입이 백서의 정상발육에 의한 체중증가와 중추신경계에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Heon;Kim, Sun-Min;Cho, Soo-Hun
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.26 no.2 s.42
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    • pp.222-230
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    • 1993
  • Industrial glues, known as 'Bonds' in Korea, contain many kinds of organic solvents, and glue sniffing of youths became one of the social problems in Korea. Mixed exposures to solvents by glue sniffing may induce chronic toxicities different from those by exposures to solvents of single component. To test effects of the glue sniffing on weight gain or central nervous system, two groups of 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to air(control group) or vapors of the glues to narcotic status(exposed group), and weight check, tail flick test, hot plate test, rotarod treadmill test were done on the 14th,24th, 36th, 45th, 53rd, 86th, 102nd, 117th, 134th and 151st days after the first exposure. On the 188th day, their brains were excised and examined by a pathologist. Weight gain, controlled against time change, showed significant difference between the groups, but response times in tail flick test, hot plate tests, and rotarod treadmill test didn't. In pathological examination with blind method, no macroscopic or microscopic differences were found between the two groups. These results suggests that organic lesion in central nervous system may not ensue glue sniffing, but, before firm conclusion, more studies in various exposure conditions should be followed.

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Removal of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen from Surface Water and Reclaimed Water by Coagulation (지표수 및 재이용수내 용존 유기질소의 응집처리)

  • Lee, Wontae;Choi, June-Seok;Oh, Hyun Je
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.34 no.11
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    • pp.729-734
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    • 2012
  • During chlorination processes dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) can form toxic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts and organic chloramines which have little or no bactericidal activity. DON needs to be removed before chlorination processes to reduce the formation of those products. This study investigated the removal of DON from surface water and reclaimed water by coagulation with aluminum sulfate (alum) and a cationic polymer (polyDADMAC). Removal characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm ($UVA_{254}$) were compared with that of DON. Coagulation with alum removed DON, DOC, and $UVA_{254}$ with similar trends, but the removal of $UVA_{254}$ was highest. A dual coagulation strategy of alum and cationic polymer improved the removal of DON. Coagulation with cationic polymer alone was not effective due to its narrow range of charge neutralization. DON in reclaimed water was easier to remove than that in surface water, and higher molecular weight fraction (>10,000 Da) of DON was preferentially removed.

Study on Factors that Induce Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Care Workers Who Offer Visiting Home-Help Services (방문요양 요양보호사의 근골격계 통증 유발요인에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Deokju
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.352-360
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects on musculoskeletal symptoms of both social demographic features and detailed characteristics of each task category of care workers who offer visiting home-help services. And to establish the measures that can reduce musculoskeletal symptoms among care workers. Methods: This study was conducted among 192 care workers from welfare centers C and K located in city P. After participants completed the task burden checklist regarding the scale of musculoskeletal symptoms and the details of their duties, the data collected were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: According to the degree of observable musculoskeletal symptoms in care workers, the highest figures were observed for back and shoulder pain. Based on the results of assessing the effect of detailed task category characteristics on musculoskeletal symptoms, "helping patients eat, helping patients move, helping patients bath, and changing body positions" were found to have an effect from the physical care category, "providing physical therapy assistance, treating bedsores" from the health care category, and "cleaning and doing laundry" from the facility management category. Conclusions: Due to the high proportion of patients requiring burdensome physical labor from care workers such as moving patients who have trouble doing so on their own, helping them change positions, and so on, it is highly likely that pain will occur in the low back, which carries most of the physical weight. So, education on human epidemiological positions that can reduce overload on areas prone to pain such as the low back and shoulders is essential. Proper equipment and personnel support must be provided for dangerous tasks. Further, multidimensional social support is required consistently.

참깨의 수세 후 탈수 정도에 따른 참깨 볶음 조건과 참기름 품질 영향 비교

  • 모승영;이우진;은종방
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.153-153
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    • 2003
  • 우리나라와 일본에서 특유의 향미로 인해 오래 전부턴 조미식품으로 애용되었던 참기름은 최근 토코페롤과 세사몰류 항산화 성분의 인체 기능성으로 인해 유지시장에 서 더욱 증가일로에 있다. 지금까지 좋은 향미와 품질을 지닌 참기름을 얻기 위해 참깨의 roasting조건에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔으나, 가공 전처리인 이물질 제거를 위한 수세 작업 및 탈수 작업에 관한 연구는 아직까지 없었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이물질을 제거하는 수세 작업을 한 후 수분의 제거 정도 즉, 참깨가 roasting 과정으로 들어가기 직전의 수분 함량이 참기름의 제조와 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 시료 350g을 수세 후 24 hr, 48 hr, 120 hr 실온에서 송풍 건조를 시켜 참깨 자체의 수분 함량을 각각 17.14%, 11.78%, 6.08%로 조절하여 착유하였다. 수분함량이 다른 세 군 시료를 각기 24$0^{\circ}C$, 26$0^{\circ}C$, 28$0^{\circ}C$에서 20분간 roasting하여 착유된 참기름에 대해 이화학적 품질 특성을 알기 위해 seed와 oil의 색도, 산가, 과산화물가, TBA가, 점도와 굴절률을 측정하였다. 또한, sample single test(5점 척도)를 이용한 관능검사를 행하여 benny, nutty, burnt flavor 및 전체적 만족도와 향의 강도 항목을 조사한 후 상관분석을 실시하였다. roasted sesame seed와 oil에 대해 색도를 측정하고 분산 분석을 실시한 결과, 참깨의 색도 중 L*가 R-suare=1로서 전체 자료가 모형을 잘 설명해줌을 의미하는데, 고수분 시료일수록 whiteness가 높게 나왔고(60이상), 고온일수록 미미한 감소가 나타났다. 이것은 수분함량이 시료의 건화속도에 요인자로 작용함을 말해준다. oil의 L*도 마찬가지 경향을 보이나 고수분 시료구의 경우(40 이상), 타 시료구(20이하)에 비해 백색도가 높은 것을 볼 수 있어 볶음에 더 많은 시간을 투자해야 함을 보여주었다. 그러나 a*와b*는 시료구간 뚜렷한 차이는 보이지 않았다. 참기름에 대하여 화학적 품질 평가로 산가는 수분함량 시료구별로 1.204, 3.28, 1.862가 측정되었고, 과산화물가는 0.493, 0.169, 0.315가 기록되었고, TBA가 또한 13.45, 10.27, 11.73로서 시료의 수분 함량과 상관없이 초기 산패 경향은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 참기름의 물리적 품질요소로서 점도는 평균 85.57 cS, 굴절률은 평균 1.471로서 시험구간 이화학적 차이는 없는 것으로 드러났다. 관능검사결과의 상관분석에서는 beany와 burnt flavor간에 -0.9975(p<0.05)의 음상관을, nutty flavor와 전체favor간에 0.99662의 양상관(p$\leq$0.05)을 보였고, burnt와 향의 strength, 전체 favor와 nutty flavor간에도 상관성이 높았다. strength와 nutty 항목간에도 0.982의 높은 상관을 보였으나 전체 favor와 burnt 항목간에는 높은 음상관(-0.9862)을 보였다. 고수분 함량의 시료는 28$0^{\circ}C$의 고온 처리시 외에는 향미가 좋지 못한 것으로 나타났고, 수분량이 적은 실험구는 고온일수록 향과 고소함은 강해지나 수분 보유량이 적어 타 실험구에 비해 탄내가 많이 발생하였다. 향미 만족도는 중간 수분량, 26$0^{\circ}C$ 볶음 처리구가 가장 컸다. 결론적으로 수분함량을 10~12%로 조절한 시료로 26$0^{\circ}C$~28$0^{\circ}C$에서 20분 이내로 roasting할 때가 좋은 참기름을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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The Changes of Short-Term Memory and Autonomic Neurocardiac Function after 4-10Hz Sound and Light Stimulation - A Pilot Study - (4-10 Hz 빛과 소리자극 후 단기기억력 및 자율신경심장기능의 변화 - 예비연구 -)

  • Lee, Seung-Hwan;Kim, Jin-Hwan;Park, Joong-Kyu;Lee, Kyung-Uk;Yang, Dae-Hyun;Hong, Keun-Young;Chae, Jeong-Ho
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.29-36
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    • 2004
  • Objectives: Sound and light (SL) stimulation has been used as a method to induce some useful mental states in the fields of psychology and psychiatry. It is believed that sound and light entrainment device (SLED) has some specific effects through synchronization of EEG in patients who use it. Theta frequency is believed to stimulate deep relaxation and short term memory processing. This study was conducted to evaluate if 4-10 Hz SL stimulation can induce relaxation and improve short term memory function. Methods: Ten medical students with no medical or psychiatric problems participated in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups. One group was applied with real SLED was applied to one group (R group) and pseudo SLED to the other group (P group). The two groups were exposed to SL stimulation with SLED 15 minutes a day for 5 days, and after two days rest the two groups were switched over. The Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (K-WAIS), Academic Motivation Tests (AMT), Test Anxiety Scale (TAS), Korean Auditory Verbal Learning Test (K-AVLT), and digit span were used to evaluate short term memory. Spielberger's State-Trait anxiety inventory and heart rate variability (HRV) test were used to evaluate degree of relaxation. Results: Compared with S group, R group showed a significant improvement in K-AVLT and digit span after a single application of SL stimulation. But 5-day long application did not reveal any differences between the two groups. A significant change in HRV was observed in 5-day long application of SL stimulation after being switched over to other SLED. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that 4-10 Hz SL stimulation has some positive influences on short term memory and relaxation.

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Applying QFD in the Development of Sensible Brassiere for Middle Aged Women (QFD(품질 기능 전개도)를 이용한 중년 여성의 감성 Brassiere 개발)

  • Kim Jeong-hwa;Hong Kyung-hi;Scheurell Diane M.
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.28 no.12 s.138
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    • pp.1596-1604
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    • 2004
  • Quality Function Deployment(QFD) is a product development tool which ensures that the voice of the customer needs is heard and translated into products. To develop a sensible brassiere for middle-aged women QFD was adopted. In this study the applicability and usefulness of QFD was examined through the engineering design process for a sensible brassiere for middle-aged women. The customer needs for the wear comfort of brassiere was made by one-on-one survey of 100 women who aged 30-40. The customer competitive assessment was generated by wearing tests of 10 commercial brassieres. The subjective assessment was conducted in the enviornmental chamber that was controlled at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C,\;65{\pm}3\%RH.$ As a results, we developed twenty-one customer needs and corresponding HOWs for the wear comfort of brassiere. The Customer Competitive Assessment was generated by wearing tests of commercial brassiere. The subjective measurement scale and dimension for the evaluation of sensible brassiere were extracted from factor analysis. Four factors were fitting, aesthetic property, pressure sensation, displacement of brassiere due to movement. The most critical design parameter was wire-related property and second one was stretchability of main material of brassiere. Also, wearing comfort of brassiere was affected by the interaction of initial stretchability of wing and support of strap. Engineering design process, QFD was applicable to the development of technical and aesthetic brassieres.

Consideration on the Satisfaction of Patients and SUV Variation According to Whether or not to Listen to Music after 18F-FDG Injection (PET/CT 검사에서 18F-FDG 투여 후 음악 청취 여부에 따른 SUV변화와 환자의 만족도에 관한 고찰)

  • Park, Suyoung;Yun, Sunhee;Kim, Hwasan;Kim, Hyunki
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: PET/CT scan using the SUV (Standardized Uptake Value) of radiopharmaceutical uptake in organs and tissues as an objective indicator makes it possible to analyze physiological and chemical reactions of human organs. This study analyzes the change of the SUV uptake in accordance with the way how PET/CT patients take a rest after the injection of $^{18}F-FDG$ (Fluororo-deoxyglucose). And also subjective satisfaction is assessed listening to music while taking a rest. Materials and Methods: From April 2011 until February 2013, Among the Primary cancer patients who admitted to the Catholic Medical Center (Seoul & Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital) and scanned $^{18}F-FDG$ PET/CT and also received care through the tracking test (mean age $55.61{\pm}12.41$ years, 108 people, 48 men and 60 women) were selected. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group (A: basal study) is requested to take a rest in bed quietly after the injection. However the second one (B: follow up study) is requested to listen to the music while taking a rest. And then SUV analysis was performed respectively. At the end of the scan, ROI (Region Of Interest) were set from the center of the liver (right lobe) and 3 spots of the brain (frontal, temporal, and occipital lobes). And the SUV was calculated. To identify the correlation among those ROIs, paired t-test was performed using SPSS software (Version 12.0K for windows, P>0.05). Also, after the PET/CT scan the satisfaction study was conducted of all the patients. 1:1 questionnaire survey was performed, and that questionnaire was made using the Likert 5-point scale. By utilizing those questionnaires, the analysis about simple frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation was performed. Results: The SUV change of the 4 designated ROIs in accordance with listening to music was not statistically significant. (Frontal lobe P-value=0.611, Occipital lobe P-value=0.499, Temporal lobe P-value=0.717, Liver P-value=0.334: P-value>0.05) And the satisfaction study indicated that group B was appear to be 0.42 points (5 basis points) higher than group A. It showed that patients are more satisfied in group B than group A. Conclusion: when performing PET/CT scan using $^{18}F-FDG$, listening to music after the injection of the radiopharmaceuticals does not affect the SUV but given the state of the psychological comfort that may increase the patient's satisfaction.

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Nerve Growth Factor and Sensory Neuropeptide Levels in Plasma and Saliva of Various Orofacial Pain Patients (다양한 구강안면통증환자의 혈장 및 타액에서의 신경성장인자와 감각성 신경펩티드 농도에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, Min-Uk;Chung, Sung-Chang;Chung, Jin-Woo
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.387-395
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    • 2009
  • Nerve growth factor (NGF) and sensory neuropeptides are involved in the process of nociception at peripheral nerve fibers and wide spread in central nervous system. The aims of this study were to investigate NGF and sensory neuropeptides (substance P [SP] and calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP]) levels in human plasma and saliva, and the associations between these sensory neuropeptides levels and chronic orofacial pain symptoms. NGF, SP, and CGRP levels in plasma and resting whole saliva samples collected from 67 orofacial pain patients (joint pain, dental or periodontal pain, mucosal pain) and 36 pain free control subjects were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The characteristic pain intensity of each subject was measured using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale and the flow rate of resting whole saliva was measured. Joint pain patients group showed significantly higher plasma NGF level compared to each of dental pain patients (p<0.01), mucosal pain patients (p<0.01), and control group (p<0.01). Plasma NGF level of dental pain patients group was significantly higher than that of control group (p<0.01). Saliva SP level of dental pain patients group (p<0.05) and saliva CGRP level of mucosal pain group (p<0.05) were significantly higher than that of control group. Plasma and saliva SP levels of joint pain patients was significantly associated with pain intensity (plasma: standardized coefficient=0.599, p<0.01, saliva: standardized coefficient=0.504, p=0.05). In dental pain patients group, plasma SP (standardized coefficient=0.559, p<0.01), saliva SP (standardized coefficient=0.520, p<0.01) and saliva CGRP (standardized coefficient=0.599, p<0.01) levels were significantly associated with age. In mucosal pain patients group, plasma SP (standardized coefficient=0.495, p<0.05), saliva SP (standardized coefficient=0.500, p<0.05), and saliva CGRP (standardized coefficient=0.717, p<0.01) levels were significantly associated with age. NGF and neuropeptides may play a role in the maintenance of various orofacial pain symptoms. The examination of those levels in plasma and saliva helps understanding the mechanism of orofacial pain, and furthermore, can be applied to the diagnosis and therapy of orofacial pain.

New Functional Properties of Passion Fruit Extract on Skin (패션 프룻 추출물이 피부에 미치는 새로운 기능적 효과)

  • Jeong, Mi Suk;Kim, Soon-Rae;Han, Chang Woo;Kim, Hyeon Jin;Jang, Se Bok
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.101-107
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    • 2022
  • In this research, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaging, and skin whitening properties of pulp and seed extracts of passion fruit were studied. The result of the primary skin irritation test using a skin-attached patch determined the skin irritation index to be 0.00 for the passion fruit extract. In addition, RAW 264.7 macrophages produce NO by stimulation of lipopolysaccharides, and the application of extracts to this resulted in significantly lower NOs, confirming the excellent anti-inflammatory properties of passion fruit extracts. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test further confirmed that the passion fruit extract exhibits a good 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate radical scavenging ability of 5.11% and strong antioxidant properties. The presence of collagen type I in the skin is a measure of aging and various skin diseases. The results obtained from the analysis of the activity of human procollagen I alpha 1 confirmed that the passion fruit extract reduces the synthesis of procollagen. In addition, the skin whitening property of the passion fruit extract was confirmed by the melanin inhibition test, and a sample was obtained that contained more than 2% of arbutin, a whitening agent approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, which is generally present in the form of a white powder and is used as a functional ingredient. This confirms that the whitening efficacy of the passion fruit extract obtained from nature contributes to the development of functional raw materials for cosmetics and food.