• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1998

Objective : This study was designed to find the characteristics of MMPI that could influence the outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) for panic disorder. Methods : 34 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia had completed 11 weekly sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy. All the patients were assessed with MMPI before the initiation of treatment. Five self-report measures including Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Agoraphobic Cognition Questionnarie(ACQ), Body Sensation Questionnaire(BSQ), and Daily Anxiety Selfrating (0 - 8 scales) were also assessed as a pre- and post-treatment assessment. After the completion of treatment, patients were classified by the High End-State(HES) functioning group and the Low End-State(LES) functioning group for the data analysis. Results : 1) The LES group showed significantly higher scores in Hypochondriasis Scale(HS), Depression Scale(D), Hysterical Scale(Hy), Obsessive Scale(Pt), Schizophrenia Scale(Sc) and Validity Scale(F) of MMPI than the HES group. However, these differences gave impressions that the LES group had more severe symptoms rather than that they could be the factors influencing the outcome of CBT. 2) Though, the severity of symptoms of the LES group in the 5 measures of pre-assessment was basically higher than that of the HES group. The fact that both group showed the similar improvement between pre- and post-assessment supported the above interpretation. Conclusion : In regarding the above results, MMPI was not a proper tool that could provide the factors influencing the outcome of CBT. In the future study, the authors need to use a different tool that can find the personality characteristics more directly.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.379-390
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• 2020

Recently, interest in online teaching·learning and evaluation tools has increased in the context of Covid-19. In order to use tools effectively, it is necessary to identify the structural influence and causal relationship between the learner's affective and cognitive variables. In this study, to identify a causal relationship between motivation and thinking while using online judge, research and competing model were established and model fit/path analysis were performed. It was found that there was a linear causal relationship from tool usage, self-efficacy, flow, logical thinking, to computational thinking. It was confirmed that 'self-efficacy → flow', or 'flow' had mediating effect on the path from tool usage to thinking, and tool usage was not exerted to thinking through 'flow → self-efficacy'. The causality of 'logical thinking → computational thinking' was identified on the path where tool usage affects thinking ability through learning motivation, but the causality of 'computational thinking → logical thinking' was not identified.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.216-225
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• 2004

Cognitive conflict plays a very important role towards conceptual change in science education. Many research were conducted on the topic, but they were limited and failed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive conflict strategies for conceptual change on science instruction. It is worth noting that the levels of cognitive conflict varied the same given situation. Besides, the conceptual change resulted in different forms, despite the same level of cognitive conflict. Assuming that one explanation could be found in the learners' characteristics, this study investigated the cognitive conflict and scientific conceptual change by learners' characteristics of middle school students. A proper understanding of the cognitive conflict will help science teachers to apply effectively the strategies towards science conceptual instruction. In this study, learners' characteristics are 'intelligence', 'cognitive level', 'general grade of science subject', 'cognitive style', 'personality', and 'attitudes related to science'. The results says; the intensity of cognitive conflict correlated with students' personality (reflectiveness) and attitudes related to science, and conceptual change correlated with intelligence and cognitive level.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-149
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• 2021

Statement Validity Analysis (SVA) is utilized in criminal investigations and the court to assess the credibility of given statements. During this procedure, the criteria for Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA) are used to evaluate whether statements include the characteristics reflecting actual experiences about the event in question. Various studies had been conducted on the efficacy (classification rates) of CBCA criteria, yet the consistency of the findings was not investigated. In the current study, a meta-analysis was conducted with Korean CBCA studies reported from 2004 to 2020 (a total of fourteen studies). As a result, the total score of CBCA was found to successfully discriminate truth and fabrication. A significant positive (+) effect size was found with four criteria (3, 4, 10, and 12), all of which are classified as cognitive criteria. However, contrary to the underlying assumption for CBCA, criterion 18, classified as one of the motivational criteria, showed a significant negative (-) effect size. Meanwhile, moderator analyses were possible for eleven criteria (2~9, 12, 13, 15) and the results showed the significant effects of potential moderator variables such as the gender and status of the participants, study types and designs, number of raters, and publication status. The current results suggests that more careful attention is required to each criterion-especially the cognitive criteria-rather than the total CBCA score as well as the possible moderator effects in order to assess truthfulness of the statements. The implication, limitations, and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.309-319
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• 2015

The purpose of this research was to find out the structural relationship and difference soccer and baseball during TV sport broadcasting of advertising for consumer attitude relation of advertising, advertising avoid, perceived intrusiveness in order to help for advertising strategy and giving for good image to sport viewer by advertising media. In this study, 275 surveys were collected and the participants were university student in B metropolitan city using convenience sampling method. The questionnaires were written using self-administration method. The confirmatory factor analysis and the structural equation model were done using IBM AMOS 20. The reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, frequency analysis, independent t-test and correlation were done using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. The results were as follows: First, cognitive avoidance and physical avoidance was shown that baseball viewer was higher than football viewer. Advertising attitude and perceived intrusiveness was shown the baseball viewer and football viewer not different. Second, perceived intrusiveness had effect advertising attitude. Third, perceived intrusiveness had effect avoidance(physical avoidance, cognitive avoidance). Fourth, advertising attitude had effect on advertising cognitive avoidance. Fifth, advertising attitude had not effect on advertising physical avoidance.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.142-153
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• 2002

The authors intended to investigate personality characteristics and those influence on the outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with panic disorder. 167 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder were assessed by the PDQ-R(Personality Disorder Questionnaire-Revision) and various self-report tools for assessing symptoms of panic disorder. The effect of therapy was measured by the changes of scores and the end state functioning before and after 12-sessions of CBT. The patients with panic disorder were more likely showed obsessive-compulsive, avoidant and paranoid personality disorder and also Cluster C. If is needed when patients were divided into two groups according to total scores of PDQ-R(high or low personality disorder groups), high personality disorder group showed many evidences for increased psychopathology at the start of treatments, this suggested the close linkage between panic disorder and personality disorder. Interestingly, there were no significant differences between both groups in scores of clinical variables and the end state functioning. In conclusion, although patients with high tendency of personality disorder had more generalized problems at the beginning of treatments, they could improve as much as the patients with low tendency of personality disorder. They can be helped by cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder and seem to profit as much as patients with low tendency of personality disorder. If is needed to seek other factors in poor responders for cognitive behavioral therapy.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.242-250
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• 2021

The subjects of this study were 514 people aged 65 and older who voluntarily participated in the senior welfare center in Seoul and Gyeonggi. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between muscular strength, cognitive function, activities of daily living, depression variables of elderly people in a comprehensive evaluation. As for the data collection methods, were measured the upper and lower body strength, grip strength(left, right), cognitive function(mini-mental state examination, trail marking test, digit span test, stroop test), activities of daily living and depression was measured using a questionnaire. The results are as follows First, there was a statistically significant correlation between the elderly's muscular strength, cognitive function, daily living ability, and depression. Second, the statistical significance was found among all the variables as a result of the analysis of the elderly's integrated muscular strength, cognitive function, activities of daily living and depression. This study can provide basic data for successful aging and independent retirement life of the elderly by confirming the relationship between the elderly's muscular strength, cognitive function, Activities of daily living, and depression.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.46-50
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• 2009

During carcinogenesis, precancers (premalignant lesions) are the morphologically identifiable lesions that precede invasive cancers. In theory, the successful treatment of precancers would result in the eradication of most human cancers. Despite the importance of these lesions, there has been no effort to list and classify all of the precancers. In 2001, the NCI sponsored a workshop on the classification of precancers. When considering all the possible classes of precancers, it is worth noting that not all precancers are neoplastic. In fact, precancers need not progress to cancer, and precancerous lesions often have a high rate of regression. Thus, the following five classes were adopted: 1) acquired microscopic precancers; 2) acquired large lesions with microscopic atypia; 3) Precursor lesions occurring with inherited hyperplastic syndromes that progress to cancer; 4) acquired diffuse hyperplasias and diffuse metaplasias; and 5) currently unclassified entities. In this review paper, precancerous lesions of the stomach are classified and their clinical significance is described.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1997

This study was designed to determine whether cognitive impairment was evident in patients with SLE. Also, it aimed to examine the association of cognitive impairment with other clinical variables. The subjects consisted of 20 patients with mildly active SLE and 20 healthy controls. Methods : A total of 20 SLE patients and 20 normal controls completed a computerized neuropsychological test battery using Vienna Test System. These included Cognitrone test, Continuous attention test, Corsi block tapping test, Standard progressive matrices. Also, neuro-behavioral cognitive status examination was done. The symptom severity of depression was measured with Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and current medications were documented. Disease activity was rated using the SLE diasease activity index (SLEDAI). Results : SLE patients had poorer performance than normal controls on the tests of Cognitrone, attention, nonverbal IQ and memory, independent of age, education, disease activity, steroid use and depression status. Conclusion : Cognitive dysfunction was not uncommon in ambulatory SLE patients as measured by standardized neuropsychological tests. It seemed to occur independently of various clinical variables. These findings would suggest that cognitive dysfunction in SLE may be explained by reflecting subclinical central nervous system(CNS) involvement, rather than coexisting psychological distress due to chronic illness or side effect of medication.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.226-236
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between contingencies of self-worth(superiority and others' approval), college adjustment and expectancy for future success and the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in these relationships. For this study, data from 460 college students were analyzed. The results were as follows. Contingencies of self-worth(superiority) were positively associated with college adjustment and expectancy for future success, while contingencies of self-worth(others' approval) were negatively associated with college adjustment and expectancy for future success. Second, the results of structural equation modeling indicated that cognitive flexibility fully mediated the relationship of contingencies of self-worth (superiority and others' approval) with college adjustment and expectancy for future success. Third, even the contingencies of self-worth(other's approval) were negatively associated with cognitive flexibility, and if the latter was high, it influenced college adjustment and expectancy for future success. Finally, the meanings and limitations of this research and implicationsfor counseling strategies and interventions were discussed in detail.