• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.283-292
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• 2019

The loss of semantic knowledge and impairments in semantic associations by semantic category is gaining increasing attention, as indicators of early-stage cognitive decline. As such, we assigned semantic association task (SAT) to normal elderly (NE) and those with subjective memory impairment (SMI) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to examine their performance by semantic subcategories and the differences in error patterns. We found a significant difference in the number of correct response and reaction time under the SAT categories among the three groups, with the highest performance observed in 'function' and the lowest performance in 'superordinate' and 'part/whole'. Moreover, the error frequency was the lowest in NE, followed by those with SMI and MCI, with the latter two groups showing a significant increase in no-response. Our findings demonstrate the varying extent and process of impairments in the semantic network by category over different stages of cognitive decline. Thus, we proposed SAT performance as an indicator to detect and follow-up on cognitive decline in elderly with cognitive disorder.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.463-473
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the cognitive functions, health conditions, activities of daily living, depression and sleep states among the elderly at care facilities. The subjects include 204 elderly people aged 65. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. The findings show that the cognitive functions of the elderly at care facilities are related to their engagement in regular exercise, duration of residency, grade of care, lack of physical freedom, listening ability, state of teeth, urinary incontinence, activities of daily living, and state of sleep. Their cognitive functions had positive correlations with activities of daily living and negative correlations with state of sleep. Their cognitive impairment was significantly influenced by their engagement in regular exercise, duration of residency, grade of care, listening ability, ADL, IAD dependency, and sleep disorder. In short, the cognitive functions of the elderly at care facilities are highly related to their health conditions as perceived and felt by them. It is thus required to develop, apply, and consistently assess and manage cognitive rehabilitation training programs to provide interventions for the factors that influence their cognitive impairment.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and concurrent validity of the computerized cognitive function test system (called CNFT) for evaluating the cognitive function and to provide its normative data. Methods : For this purpose, 140 normal adults participated in a investigation to provide the normative data of CNFT. 40 normal adults participated in an evaluating experiment to verify the reliability and validity. CNFT consists of attention, memory, sensori-motor coordination, and frontal lobe & higher cognitive function domains. Because CNFT is a computerized evaluation tool, all results and operations are processed consistently and automatically. Results : In the results, as the age of subjects increased, the average accuracy decreased and response time increased. Additionally, memory and frontal lobe & higher cognitive function was lower than other domains. Test-retest reliability of 2 weeks interval was highly correlated (r=.48~.85) and there is no significant difference between test and retest scores. CNFT was highly correlated with computerized neurocognitive function test (r=.67~.79; p<.05). Conclusion : Normative data of CNFT were obtained, and the guidelines for the interpretation were provided. A reliable and valid clinically applicable computerized cognitive function test was developed.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate clinical effects on cognition, visual perception, depression, anxiety, and activities of daily living by applying the N-BACK program, a brain stimulated training program, which is used for the clinical purpose. To prove this, subjects suspected of cognitive impairment with 18-23 points in a Korean version of mental status examination (MMSE-K) were recruited among the population who had been diagnosed with stroke duration and suffered from it for six months of duration, and 10 of the subjects were selected into the experimental group and the control group, respectively. A total of 20 sessions were carried out for 30 minutes per day 5 times for 4 weeks. As a result, the experimental group who has been applied the N-BACK program showed positive results in the improvement of cognition, visual perception, depression, anxiety, and daily living skills. The results obtained from this study expect us that applying the N-BACK program for the improvement of cognition, visual perception, depression, and anxiety to stroke patients has a positive effect on the rehabilitation of patients and will lead them to improve daily living activities more independently.

• Journal of Korean Society of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of task training for cognitive activation of upper extremity on upper limb function and activities of daily living and to suggest intervention in rehabilitation treatment. From January to February of 2018, nine stroke patients were arbitrated 30 minutes a day, five days a week, for four weeks. For the experimental group, the therapist has induced the group using the linguistic guidance to patients, so they utilize the cognition strategy. The control group conducted active exercises in a range of motion using the instruments and passive exercises in a range of motion to reduce the stiffness of joints and upper limbs. As muscle strengthening exercises, the patients were assigned to work on the biceps muscle of arm, triceps muscle of arm, and deltoid according to the individual patient's muscular strength level. For the experimental group, the MBI was improved by ten points at maximum, and K-AMPS motor skills showed the improvements of 1.0 logit at maximum, and processing skills showed improvements of 0.6 logits at maximum. In MFT, the maximum improvement was by two points. For the control group, MBI was improved by five points at maximum, and 0.2 maximum improvements were shown in K-AMPS' motor skills and 0.3 maximum improvements in processing skills. MFT showed no change. The conclusion is that the challenges to enable training for stroke patients give a positive impact on upper limb function and activities of daily living.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.627-633
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of white noise on memory and attention of local community elderly during computer-based cognitive rehabilitation program(COMCOG). 30 elderly subjects were recruited and conveniently allocated into experimental and control group. Experimental group subjects carried out COMCOG with white noise. Control group subjects received COMCOG for 30 minutes, 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Neurocognitive funtion test(CNT) were used to evaluate memory and attention during pre and post. The most CNT outcome at post was significantly improved than the pre outcome in the both group(p<.05). And the experimental group showed significantly difference from control group(p<.05). The result of this study show that the COMCOG with white noise may be appropriate for improving memory and attention in elderly. This will enable the application of COMCOG with white noise in cognitive rehabilitation therapy of local elderly and it will help guide the selection of the therapist as one therapeutic basis

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.241-265
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• 2010

This study reviewed the present state and differences of rehabilitation programs of the gambling addiction by comparing with other psychiatric disorder(including psychotic disability and alcohol addiction). This study also intended to suggest necessities, meanings and inherent fields of the rehabilitation in gambling addiction. First of all, the government and a few gambling industries run clinic centers for gamblers and their families, but have been lacked rehabilitation services for social comeback and adaptation or devaluated rehabilitation services than therapies. Gambling addict didn't have impairments of the cognitive function and their daily abilities was better than any other psychiatric disorders. But Damage of social role or function of gambling addiction was severe. And it is caused by nonadaptive nature of gambling behavior, personality/emotional change through gambling addiction process, and previous personality problem etc. There are many severe failure of social role and its attendant bankrupcy, family's problems and social poverty in gambling addiction, Therefore, important fields in the rehabilitation of gambling addiction should be services for basic social comeback support service, credit recovery support, monetary management, support of rehabilitation of family and vocational rehabilitation. Finally, the significance and critical points of the current study has been discussed as well.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2017

Due to economic development and advancement of medical science, an aging society where the proportion of the elderly population increases is coming. Korea's aging speed is growing rapidly compared to that of other developed countries. The physical and mental abilities of elderly people with aging are getting worse more and more. They want a kind of auxiliary system in order to mitigate and prevent their weakness. The supplementary system can greatly contribute to improving the quality of life for elderly people. In particular, some devices that include muscle strengthening and cognitive and balance ability enhancement are useful for the most older people. In this paper, we introduce a development of human care contents based rehabilitation equipment to enhance these functions, and present its usability evaluation. The evaluation is conducted for rehabilitation specialists as well as expected users and their results are analyzed.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.69-81
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to develop a Yonsei dual task cognitive screening test (Y-DuCog) for the elderly. Methods : The reliability and validity test of Y-DuCog (Yonsei Dual Task Cognitive Screening Test) was developed by 229 elderly people aged over 60 years from community organizations at Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheong-do from May 2019 to August 2019. In addition, the criteria for classifying elderly with cognitive impairment were presented. Results : The correlation analysis between MMSE-K, MoCA-K and Y-DuCog were a correlation between the DTE and CRR of Y-DuCog. As a result of internal consistency, Cronbach's-α values of DTE and CRR showed .848 (p<.01) and .916 (p<.01), respectively. The test-retest reliability was high. The screening point showed 88.7% sensitivity and 83.5% specificity at 31.76 seconds in total DTE, and 84.5% sensitivity and 76.6% specificity at 0.38 in total dual-task CRR. Conclusion : This study verified the reliability and validity of Y-DuCog. It was found that the level of education was not a barrier to the undertaking of this test. Furthermore, the test could be performed easily and quickly. It is also expected to be used to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive function assessment and intervention methods in the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental medical treatments with exercise therapy on the frail elderly patient with gait disturbance and cognitive decline. The frail elderly patient with gait disturbance and cognitive decline was treated by oriental medical treatments combined with exercise therapy during 3 months. The improvement of clinical symptom was evaluated by Manual Muscle Test (MMT), Passive Range Of Motion (PROM), Mini Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K). After 3 months, all of both lower extremity Manual Muscle Test (MMT) improved to Grade 4. Both knee extension Passive Range Of Motion (PROM) and Mini Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K) also increased from -30/-30 to 0/-5, from 7 to 25 respectively. It could be suggested that oriental medical treatments with exercise therapy were effective on the frail elderly patient with gait disturbance and cognitive decline. And further research is encouraged to confirm the effectiveness of this treatment with a larger number of patients.