• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

Due to the growth in industrialization, potential hazards in subsurface environments are becoming increasingly significant. The extraction of the contaminant from the soil and movement of the water are restricted due to the low permeability and adsorption characteristics of the reclaimed soils. There are a number of approaches to in-situ remediation that are used in contaminated sites for removing contaminants. These include soil flushing, dual phase extraction, and soil vapor extraction. Among these techniques, soil flushing was the focus of the investigation in this paper. Incorporated technique with PVDs has been used for dewatering from fine-grained soils for the purpose of ground improvement by means of prefabricated vertical drain systems. The laboratory model tests were performed by using the flushing tracer solutions for silty soils and recorded the tracer concentration changes with the elapsed time and flow rates. The modeling was intended to predict the effectiveness and time dependence of the remediation process. Modeling has been performed on the extraction, considering tracer concentration and laboratory model test characteristics. The computer model used herein are SEEP/W and CTRAN/W, this 2-D finite element program allows for modeling to determine hydraulic head and pore water pressure distribution, efficiency of remediation for the subsurface environment. It is concluded that the coefficient of permeability of contaminated soil is related with vertical velocity and extracted flow rate. The vertical velocity and extracted flow rate have an effect on dispersivity and finally are played an important role in-situ soil remediation.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.121-134
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• 1998

In this study, the satellite images and the GIS technique are used to select the basin characteristics parameters as the basis of water resources management of river basin. The study area is Geum-ho river basin and the hydrologic characteristics data are computed through the database of the basin characteristics parameters classified by subjects with 35 maps correspond to the study basin of 1:25,000 scale as the basic map. As the result, the drawing up of land use map through satellite image processing that provides the quantitative informations for the land is very efficient to analysis the extensive land use information of the basin, and exact analysis of mass surface data is possible and the feasibility of statistic computation between spatial subjects as it superpose on other subject map is ascertained. It is thought also that the analysis of the basin characteristics data can be utilized very effectively for the basin management and the analysis of basin surface area, once it is expressed numerically for database, since the superposition analysis with different subject map and the correlative analysis with the property data are possible although the tracing process of each subject in the basic map is not efficient. Especially, modification and renewal of the data for the change of land surface become easy, therefore more rapid and exact selection of the basin characteristics data and the construction of more efficient basin management plan are possible.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.587-593
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• 1998

To elucidate anti-tumor promoter from seaweed, the anti-tumor promoting activity of Ecklonia stolonifera, Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica extracts were determined by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-early antigen (EA) induction caused by a tumor promoter, teleocidin B-4. The methanol extracts of seaweed were subsequently fractionated with diethyl ether, distilled water, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Among the solvent fractions tested, chloroform and ethyl acetate fraction of E. stolonifera showed a high anti-tumor promoting activity at the levels of 88.0 and $85.9\%$ by the addition of 20 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively. To characterize anti-tumor promoters from solvent fractions of E. stolonifera, the effects of phenols, chlorophyll derivatives and carotenoids on the anti-tumor promoting activity were investigated. Phenols, such as bromophenol and phloroglucinol showed anti-tumor promoting activity of $57\~66\%$ at 20 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Pigments, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids exerted high anti-tumor promoting activities. Chlorophyll a and pheophorbide a exhibited the activity of $77.4\%$ and $66.6\%$ at 5${\mu}M/m{\ell}$, respectively. The active compounds of carotenoids were tentatively identified as lutein and $\alpha-cryptoxanthin$ from the profiles of visible spectra and R_f value of their authentic compounds, and showed anti-tumor promoting activities of $76.9\%$ and $84.4\%$ at dose of 20 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

In this study, anti-inflammatory activity of hot water extract of Aronia fruits (AF-H) was examined. Pre-treatment with AF-H significantly inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E-2 in a dose-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The inhibitory effect of AF-H on LPS-induced inflammation was also confirmed by down-regulation of inducible NO synthase as well as cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. Furthermore, treatment with AF-H significantly inhibited secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor-necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and interleukin-6. Signal transduction pathway studies further indicated that AF-H inhibited LPS-induced activation of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$, but not mitogen-activated protein kinase. Treatment with AF-H also partially protected against LPS-induced lethal shock in C57BL/6 mice, although its effect was not statistically significant. These results suggest that AF-H is a more promising nutraceutical or medicinal agent for inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation or inflammation-related diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.583-595
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of Sargassum horneri extracts on palmitic acid (PA)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in HepG2 cells. Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with varying concentrations of S. horneri extract or PA, and the cell viability was measured by water soluble tetrazolium salts analysis. The effective induction of ER stress and the effects of S. horneri were investigated through an examination of the ER stress-related genes, such as activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), X-box binding protein (XBP1s), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression and activation levels of unfolded protein response (UPR) associated proteins, such as inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha submit (eIF2α), and CHOP were examined by western blot analysis. Results: The treatment with PA increased the expression of UPR associated genes significantly and induced ER stress in a 12-hour treatment. Subsequent treatment with S. horneri reduced mRNA expression of ATF4, GRP78, and XBP1s. In addition, the protein levels of phosphate (p)-IRE1α, p-elF2α, and CHOP were also reduced by a treatment with S. horneri. An analysis of sirtuin (SIRT) mRNA expression in the S. horneri and PA-treated HepG2 cells showed that S. horneri increased the levels of SIRT2, SIRT6, and SIRT7, which indicates a possible role in reducing the expression of ER stress-related genes. Conclusion: These data indicate that S. horneri can exert an inhibitory effect on ER stress caused by PA and highlight its potential as an agent for managing various ER stress-related diseases.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.8
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• pp.95-106
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• 1990

The most important factors among extraction conditions in the extraction process of Barley and Casia tora seed are particle size, extraction temperature, time and initial concentration. In this research project, then, the amounts of extracted materials were measured at various conditions of above factors. They were increased as the particle sizes were decreased and were also increased in the proportional to the value of square of temperature. General mathematical prediction models were developed by an optimization technique for the amounts of extracted materials and extraction rate on the basis of each independent factor. Then, the final prediction model was obtained upon all the factors. As the results, it was also found that the values of overall mass transfer coefficients were increased as the particle sizes were decreased.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.446-451
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• 1993

In ethanol fermentation, by-products such as glycerol, acetic acid and lactic acid are produced along with ethanol. The effects of culture conditions on cell growth ethanol production and by-products biosynthesis were investigated in ethanol fermentation using S. cerevisiae. With increasing aeration rate or yeast extract concentration, ethanol and by-products biosynthesis decreased while final cell mass increased. With increasing glucose concentration or decreasing temperature, final cell mass, ethanol and by-products concentrations all increased. The optimal pH for the cell growth, ethanol and by-products productions was found to be pH 4.5. By-products biosynthesis was found, in general, to proceed with the ethanol biosynthesis. The results can be applied for the optimization of ethanol fermentation and for the recovery and purification of ethanol from the culture broth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1078-1083
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• 2009

HEC-HMS(Hydrologic Modeling System)은 강우-유출 모의를 위한 차세대 소프트웨어이며 HEC-1에 포함되어 있는 단위도 및 수문학적 홍수추적 이외에도 격자형 강우자료(레이더 데이터)를 이용하여 적용할 수있는 유사분포 유출변화와 장기 연속모의에 적용할 수 있는 간단한 수분감소 등을 추가적으로 포함하고 있다. 또한 GUI(Graphical User Interface)환경, 통합 수문분석 성분, 자료 저장 및 관리 능력, 그래�d 처리 및리포트 출력기능으로 구성되어 있으며 여러 가지 프로그램 언어(C, C++, Fortran)를 이용하여 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 수계의 금호강에 위치한 동촌 지점을 유출구로 선정하고 5개의 소유역과 두 개의 하도로 구성하여 유출모의를 실시하였으며 수문자료 선정은 2007년$^{\sim}$2008년에 발생한 홍수사상과 유량조사 사업단에서 개발한 수위-유량관계곡선식을 활용하였다. 또한, HEC-GeoHMS 모형을 GIS와 연계하여 지형인자를 추출하고 추출된 지형인자를 이용하여 매개변수를 산정하였다. HEC-HMS 모형의 계산 조건에서 손실 우량은 SCS CN, 유출변환은 Clark 단위도법을 적용하였다. 또한 관측치와 계산치의 적합도 검증은 평균제곱 근오차(root mean squar error; RMSE)와 모형 효율성 계수(model efficiency; ME)를 산정하여 분석하였다

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.1835-1841
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• 2006

Demand of enhanced bilge separation sensor system has been recently increased due to the severe regulation reinforcement of MEPC(Marine Environment Production Committee). Up to date bilge separation sensor has to be extremely accurate and highly reliable. To design and build such a bilge separator. a precise oily water separation level sensor that distinguishes oil from water is critical. Three dimensional simulations have been carried out to figure out the characteristics of capacitive level sensors, which grounds the finding of the parameters required to design the sensors. The parasitic capacitance problem which is inherent to capacitive level sensors has been taken care of. This paper concludes with the future research direction that can be pursued with the newly defined parameters of the capacitive level sensors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.238-239
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• 2016

국내 재난발생 빈도가 점차 증가함에 따라 재난관리단계 중 대비 및 대응단계에 대한 전문분석정보 필요성 및 수요가 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 재난상황별 주기적으로 모니터링 해야 하는 지역을 제안하여 보다 적합하고 체계적인 재난상황관리정보를 제공하고자 한다. 재난모니터링 필요지역을 제안하기 위해 환경적 요인과 지리적 요인을 고려하여 공간해석 및 공간분석을 수행하였으며 격자단위의 재난모니터링 필요지역을 추출하였다. 최근 재난피해가 주로 발생한 지역 중 울산광역시를 대상으로 연구를 수행하였으며, 그 중 재난취약자에 속하는 60대 이상의 거주인구를 중심으로 지진에 대한 재난모니터링 필요지역을 추출하는 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 60대 이상의 거주인구가 신속한 대피로를 확보하기에는 대피소와의 거리가 멀고, 건물의 밀집도가 높게 분석됨에 따라 다소 어려울 것으로 판단되었다. 이에 향후 인자별 가중치 상세설정 및 고려하는 인자를 추가하여 재난모니터링 필요지역에 대한 재난안전시설 설치를 제안할 수 있는 2차 연구를 수행하고자 한다.