• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.318-321
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• 2003

비소로 오염된 토양, 하천 퇴적물 및 광미의 복원할 때, 토양 세척 공정에서 중요한 인자인 비소의 화학적 결합형태와 세척제에 따른 용출특성과 고효율 세척 및 세척액의 재활용도를 높이기 위한 공정을 바탕으로 토양세척장비를 설계하였다. 화학적 결합형태에 있어서 토양은 잔류 결합형태가 주되고, 퇴적물의 경우는 철산화물과의 결합형태가 강하며, 광미는 황화물과의 결합에 따른 잔류형태와 철산화물과의 결합형태가 상당부분을 차지한다. 세척제에 따른 용출특성으로부터, 철산화물과 황화물과 결합하고 있는 비소의 화학적 결합형태를 파괴하면서 비소를 추출할 수 있는 용제로 HCl, Oxalate, EDTA, M$_2$O$_2$를 사용하였다. 추출 결과, 비소가 철산화물과 결합한 형태가 비중이 높을수록 EDTA 나 Oxalate가 효율이 높으며, 황화물에 대해서는 HCl과 $H_2O$$_2$이 상대적으로 높은 추출 효율을 보였다. 구성된 세척조는 밀폐실린더형과 스크류이송형 세척조로 구성되어 각각 혼합교반에 의한 세척과 토양입자 분급에 따른 세척이 가능하다. 세척 공정중 최적 산도 조절이 중요한 인자가 되며, 세척액의 재활용도를 높일때, 세척수에 용해되어 있는 비소 및 중금속과 미립자의 동시 제거를 위한 응집 침전조에서 응집제에 의해서 미립자와 함께 제거하는 응집, 침전 및 분리공정을 배치하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.358-362
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• 2017

In this study, the optimization of extraction parameters (solvent, temperature, time, solvent concentration) for the maximization of polyphenol extraction was performed to produce value-added food and cosmetic additives using a byproduct of coffee extraction process (coffee residue). All of the extraction parameters evaluated in this experiment had significant effects on polyphenol extraction and the results showed the effect of NaOH concentration on the polyphenol production was most significant among tested parameters. Especially, hot water extraction using acid or base was effective rather than hot-water extraction and the addition of 0.1 mol of NaOH increased 1.5 times extraction concentration compared with hot-water extraction using distilled water. It was found that hot-water extraction with NaOH was more effective than hot-water extraction, and 36.5 mg GAE/g DM was obtained under optimum condition of $100^{\circ}C$, 2 mol of NaOH and 30 min. This result was 2.9 times higher than that of 12.5 mg GAE/g DM obtained from the hot-water extraction before optimization. Thus, coffee residue could be used for food and cosmetic industry as a high-value additive such as antioxidant.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.806-812
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• 2015

Prostatic inflammation plays a crucial role on benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) pathogenesis and progression. In this study, BPH was induced by testosterone propinate in castrated rats for 8 weeks. Hot water extract from Curcuma longa L. (CL) was administered orally for 4 weeks along with positive controls, saw Palmetto and finasteride. CL supplementation induced histological changes, reduced expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, COX-2, and phospo-p65 in prostate tissue compared with the BPH group. These findings suggest that suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines could be attributed, at least partly, to the anti-inflammatory action of C. longa, and this action may be helpful to understand the inhibitory effect of Curcuma longa L. in BPH.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.116-116
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• 2012

하천유역 내의 인자를 이용하여 댐의 하천유량(stream flow)을 예측하는 일은 수문특성의 연구와 자연재해에 대한 대비 및 수공구조물과 방재시설의 설계 시 중요한 역할을 한다. 이러한 연구는 과거부터 활발히 이루어졌으며, 아직도 보다 높은 정확도의 결과를 얻기 위해 많은 연구들이 이루어지고 있다. 특히 기존의 유역 내 자료를 통해 비선형적 모델인 인공신경망(artificial neural network)을 이용한 하천유량을 예측하는 연구 역시 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 여러 유역인자들 중 하천유량에 가장 영향을 미치는 변수를 추출하고 보다 정확한 예측모델을 구축하는 것이다. 기존의 입력자료 선정기법중의 하나인 상호정보량(mutual information)과 수문기상자료의 비선형 동역학적 성분을 추출하는 웨이블렛 변환(wavelet transform)을 사용하여 인공신경망에 적용시켰다. 인공신경망을 적용하는 경우, 수문자료에 있어서 변수의 선택과 자료의 상태가 강우예측의 결과에 큰 영향을 미친다. 이러한 변수의 선택에 있어서 상호정보량을 바탕으로 한 인공신경망 입력변수 선택기법이 많이 사용되고 있다. 일반적으로 시계열자료는 경향성(trend), 주기성(periodicity) 및 추계학적 성분(stochastic component)의 선형조합으로 가정될 수 있으며, 특히 경향성과 주기성은 시계열 모형을 위해 제거되어야 할 결정론적 성분으로 취급한다. 즉. 수문 기상자료에 포함되어 있는 경향성과 주기성과 같은 비선형 동역학적 잡음(nonlinear dynamical noise)을 제거하고 입력자료의 카오스적 거동을 보이는 성분을 분리하기 위해 웨이블렛 변환을 사용하였다. 대상유역은 한강 유역에 포함되어 있는 충주댐으로 선택하였다. 유역 내 다양한 인자들과 하천유량사이의 상호정보량을 구해 영향력이 가장 큰 변수를 추출하고, 그 자료를 웨이블렛 변환을 적용하여 인공신경망의 입력자료로 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 위와 같은 과정을 이용해 추정한 하천유량 결과와 기존의 방법인 상호정보량을 이용해 인공신경망을 적용한 결과를 실제자료와 비교하였다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 1997

A study has been made of the rccovery of copper (11) by solvent extraction with Alamine336 (Tri-n-oclylamine) as a extractant from hydrochloric etching solutions. The effect of extractant concentrations, hydrochloric acid, chloride Ion concentrations and phase ratio (organiclaqueaus) on copper extraction were studied. Experimental results showed that the concenl~atiano f extractant and the phase ratio strongly influenced the copper extraction, and the extraction percent of capper Increased at higher hydrochloric acid and chloride ion mncmhation. We proposed that the optimum extrachon stages of copper for continuous extraction process by analysidng thc McCabe-Thielc diagram. Stripping of copper from the loaded organic phases wn be accomplished by pure water (H, O) as a dripping reagent effectively. As the tcmpcrature is increased, thc stripping of copper is enhanced.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.2 s.88
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• pp.7-18
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• 2006

The Purpose of this study is to develop landscape Preference and define elements of difference in landscape preference of the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge by Bridge Shape Parameters(BSP) through Design of Experiments. Lately, the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge is dominations much component ratio and the Steel Box Girder Bridge has strong Points that is economically Profitable and management has easy when construct. but landscape preference of the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge was evaluated low because impression of landscape is being surfeited and dulled. Do to consider optimization in design that give change to Bridge Shape Parameters(BSP) to supplement this shortcoming in this study. Therefore, this study changes Bridge Shape Parameters(BSP) and extract elements that influence in landscape preference of the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge. and based on the design that consider landscape Preference of the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge, some essential guidelines for rational design of the 1-span Steel Box Girder Bridge suggested.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2014

Cosmetics are products used over long periods by the public, and their safety is very important. Contact dermatitis induced by cosmetics is the result of an inflammatory response of the skin to direct irritancy. The initial event that this inflammatory response is observed is the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activities of extracts from Korean herb medicines were investigated using RAW264.7 macrophage. Among the fifty one extracts tested, the ethanol extracts from Biotae Orientalis Folium, Biotae Orientalis Folium (roasted), Cyperi Rhizoma, Nepetae Spica, Benincasae Semen, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma (roasted), Mori Ramulus, Pini Ramulus and Alismatis Rhizoma reduced the cytotoxicity and inhibited the productions of Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$n lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage. Additionally, they didn't induce the skin irritation when tested the human patch test. Overall, the result of this study suggests that the extracts of the ten Korean herb medicines are useful cosmetic agents for preventing the skin irritation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1663-1670
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• 2012

The inhibitory effects of rose hip (Rosa canina L.) water extracts from two different manufactures on osteoarthritis was comparatively investigated in primary cultures of rat cartilage cells. To identify the effects of rose hip extracts against $H_2O_2$ (300 ${\mu}M$, 2 hr) treatment, cell survival was measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell survival increased by rose hip extracts in the range of 100 to 600 ${\mu}g/mL$ of $H_2O_2$ treatment. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects of rose hip extracts, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), nitric oxide (NO), and Cox-2 expression were measured after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation. TNF-${\alpha}$ level with rose hip extract treatment was decreased by 27.4% and 31.9% at 600 ${\mu}g/mL$ of $H_2O_2$ treatment. Nitric oxide was inhibited by rose hip extract at 100~600 ${\mu}g/mL$ of $H_2O_2$ treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, Cox-2 protein expression was dose-dependently decreased while Cox-1 had no change in expression level. The severity of osteoarthritis is controlled by a balance between anabolic and catobolic factors in an articulation, therefore the expression of these factors plays a critical role in preventing osteoarthritis. In measuring anabolic factors, the genetic expression of collagen type I increased with rose hip treatment, while the genetic expression of collagen II did not change. In addition, the genetic expression of aggrecan (proteoglycan core protein) was significantly increased. while the genetic expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3, 7 and 13, known catabolic factors, was significantly inhibited by treatment with rose hip extract. The expression of MMP13 was especially highly influenced. In conclusion, rose hip water extracts show inhibitory effects on cell death by $H_2O_2$ mediated oxidative stress, which is related to inhibitory effects on inflammation due to TNF-${\alpha}$, NO, and Cox-2. The ability of rose hip extracts to ameliorate inflammation in primary cultures of cartilage cells seems to associate with an increased genetic expression of specific anabolic factors, collagen type I and aggrecan, and a decreased expression of catabolic factors, MMPs (3, 7, and 13). However, there were no significant differences between rose hip extracts from the two manufacturers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.787-795
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• 2021

Eupatorium chinensis var. simplicifolium (EUC) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Young sprouts of EUC have been used as food for a long time, and the whole EUC plant has been used as an herbal remedy in oriental medicine. Arteriosclerosis, or chronic inflammation in arterial vessels, is a cardiovascular disease and is involved in various disorders. Cardiovascular diseases such as restenosis and neuropathic hyperplasia are mainly caused by abnormal growth and movement due to multiple growth factors in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a mitogen released from damaged vessel walls and is involved in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. To determine the effects of EUC on the abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs, the present study investigated intracellular signaling pathways in PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs treated with and without EUC. Pretreating PDGF-BB-induced VSMCs with EUC tended to effectively decrease cell proliferation and migration. Subsequently, the intracellular growth-related signaling pathways of AKT, phospholipase C gamma (PLC-γ), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were investigated using western blotting to confirm inhibited phosphorylation. Furthermore, flow cytometry data showed that EUC blocked the cell cycle of VSMCs. These results suggest that EUC can inhibit the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by controlling the cell cycle and growth factor receptors. Furthermore, this indicates that EUC can be used as a preventative against cardiovascular disease resulting from abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2007

This study was carried out to classify the streams at rural watersheds by characteristics of water quality. The water quality data of 319 steams at rural watersheds in Korea were selected. Multivariate analysis was used for this purpose. The cases were divided into 5 types, and then factor analysis and cluster analysis were done. The characteristics of water quality of rural watersheds can be showed more than 40% of total water quality by first factor(organic matters and nutrients). The cluster analysis of extracted factors using factor analysis was carried out. The results showed that the Case 1 and Case 2 were classified 4 communities, Case 3 was classified 5 communities and Case 4 and 5 were classified 3 communities. Among 5 types cases, to classified the steams of rural watersheds, Case 4 - 7 water quality items - was selected as a desirable case. Many kinds of statistical analysis can be used to classify the streams of rural watersheds. Our results showed a good example to evaluate the water quality properties in Korean rural watershed.