• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2007

A climatic feature, growth condition and incidence phase of disease and pest in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) were surveyed, both the conventional cultivation and culture in the forest located in Jinan. The results were as follows. The forest field was lower $1^{\circ}C$ in the air temperature, lower $1.9^{\circ}C$ in the soil temperature and 11.8% lower in the soil temperature compared with the conventional field. The wind velocity of the forest field was three times slower, but the dew condensation time was 3.3 hours longer than the conventional field. Particularly, the amounts of solar radiation in the forest was remarkably lower, while the rainfall was little lower with no significance. The incidence of disease and pest in the forest field was severe compared with that of the conventional field. Among them, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cylindrocarpon destructans, and Alternaria panax was severe in the forest field while, Botrytis cinerea was severe in the conventional field. The growth condition of forest field in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer was 50% worse in general and the root weight was 87.2% less than the 3-year-old ginseng in the conventional field.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.50
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• pp.19-26
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• 2023

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is an economically important plant because of it is rich in saponins. It is mainly cultivated in Asia, including Korea and China. Since ginseng requires a long breeding period due to juvenility, homozygote production techniques, such as anther culture, must be urgently established. In the present study, callus induction and embryogenesis through anther culture were observed in P. ginseng. Murashige and Skoog medium was used as the basal medium suitable for callus induction. When the medium was supplemented with 3% sucrose, the callus induction rate was high and the callus size was large. Cold pretreatment did not significantly affect callus induction and embryogenesis. Embryogenesis was the most efficient when the embryo-formation medium was supplemented with 1.0 or 3.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Cultivar significantly affected anther culture efficiency. Specifically, 'Cheongseon' showed the highest embryo-formation efficiency, whereas no embryogenesis occurred in 'Sunun'. Ploidy assessment revealed the haploid status of the induced calli. Embryos derived from anther culture formed shoots upon transfer to germination medium, although no difference in ploidy was noted between the induced callus and control. Overall, the anther culture conditions established in the present study may contribute to the production of homozygous P. ginseng plants in the future.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.250-251
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• 2010

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.211-214
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• 2004

This study was carried out to find out the optimum hardening condition for ginseng plantlets redifferentiated by tissue culture method. While a lot of root hair were observed on the root of seedling grown on the soil, few root hair were observed on the root of plantlet redifferentiated in vitro. On the medium solidified with $0.1{\%}$ phytagel, root hair was not observed and root weight, root width and laternal root development were also very poor. While raising the phytagel concentration on the media, root hair began to increase and root weight, root width and latemal root development were improved. Vascular tissue of plantlet grown on the medium with $0.1{\%}$ phytagel was very poor, but that of plantlet grown on the medium with $0.8{\%}$ phytagel was very good.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 1995

We have previously established a system for plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Korean ginseng. In this study to produce a fungus-resistant plant, we introduced a bean chitinase gene into ginseng using the transformation system. A binary vector pChi/748 was constructed by introducing the bean basic chitinase gene into EcoRI site of pGA748 which carries the CaMV 35S promoter governing the introduced gene and neomycin phosphotransferase II(NPT-II)gene as a positive selection marker. Cotyledonary explants were cocultured with A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the binary vertor pChi/748 for 48 h, and transferred to MS medium supplemented with l mg/L2,4-D,0.1mg/L kinetin, 100 mg/L kanamycin, and 500mg/L carbenicillin. Kanamycin-resistant calli were formed on the cut surface of cotyledonary explants after one month of culture, and subsequently they gave rise to somatic embryos. Upon transfer onto medium containing 1 mg/L each of BA and GA$_3$, most of them converted to plantlets after 5 weeks of culture. The genomic DNA of eight kanamycin-resistant regenerants was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two specific 21-mer oligonucleotides derived from the chitinase gene. PCR-Southern blot analysis confirmed that the chitinase gene was incorporated into six out of the eight regenerants..

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.324-328
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• 2008

One hundred-eighty extracts of soil collected from ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) fields were subjected to lettuce germination test, electrolyte leakage, cell viability and antioxidant enzyme activity test. Regardless of various cultivation periods, there was no significant difference in soil pH, the content of organic matter and available phosphate in ginseng fields. Based on lettuce seed germination test, six soil extracts showing inhibition of germination and/or seedling growth were selected for further study. Selected soil extracts markedly inhibited cell viability of ginseng cultured cells but leakage of electrolytes were not affected by the treatment. Enzyme activity of superoxide dimutase in ginseng cultured cells was not affected by the treatment with the soil extracts. However, those of peroxidase and catalase were significantly inhibited by the treatment with soil extracts which showed inhibition of lettuce seed germination and seedling growth.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.471-478
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• 2011

The ginseng stem fungus gnat, Phytosciara procera, overwintered in old stems and roots of ginseng as a larvae from late September to early May in next year. In the late Spring they become pupa then emerged. Therefore, the first control period has to be set between late May and early June. It is a same period of elimination of ginseng flower stalks. Two or three times pest control might be needed per month for controlling adult of P. procera. Otherwise, the overwintered form as larva in old stem by removal of old stems of ginseng, the population of first generation of P. procera adults could be reduced. However, it seemed that the removal of old stems was not necessarily correlated with the population of P. procera adults in the next generation. Three kinds of environmental-friendly control agents that were mainly contained sophora extract, showed the highly insecticidal activities against larva of P. procera. Among them, one agent containing sophora extract and paraffin oil showed an ovicidal action as well as oviposition repellency.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.72-73
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• 2007

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.123-124
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• 2007

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.09a
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• pp.366-367
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• 2011