• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.52 no.12
• /
• pp.1358-1363
• /
• 2009

Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriages in children using a multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay kit. Methods:We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from 33 children without any underlying disease from July 25 to July 28, 2008. The children were free from the signs of respiratory tract infections at the time of sampling. DNA was extracted from the swabs and subjected to multiplex RT-PCR using a primer set for the detection of pneumococci ($Seeplex^{(R)}$ PneumoBacter ACE Detection Seegene, Seoul, Korea). The amplified PCR products were separated on 2% agarose gels and stained with either ethidium bromide or screen tape system (Lab901 Scotland, UK). Results:A total of 33 children (male, 15 female, 18) aged between 3.2 and 16.3 (median, 8.2) years were included in this study. The mRT-PCR detected colonized bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis) in 30 children (90.9%). Of these, 13 children (39.4%) showed more than 2 bacteria: 12 children were positive for 2 bacteria (S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae) and 1 child was positive for 3 bacteria (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and C. pneumoniae). Conclusion:mRT-PCR was found to be a sensitive tool for the detection of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriages. Clinical significances of the bacteria detected by mRT-PCR will have to be evaluated in the future.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 1993

It is commonly assumed that nasorespiratory function can exert a dramatic effect upon the development of the dentofacial complex. Specially, it has been stated that chronic nasal obstruction leads to mouth breathing, which causes altered tongue and mandibular positions. If this occurs during a period of active growth, the outcome is development of the "adenoid facies". Such patients characteristically manifest a vertically long lower third facial height, narrow alar bases, lip incompetence, a long and narrow maxillary arch and a greater than normal mandibular plane angle. But several authors have reported that so-called adenoid facies is not always associated with adenoids and mouth breathing, and that a particular type of dentition is not always found in mouth breathers with or without adenoids. Some authors have believed adenoids lead to mouth breathing in cases with particular facial characteristics and types of dentition. We assumed that the ability to adapt to individual's neuromuscular complex is various. So, we compared the difference of influence of mouth breathing between childrens who have different facial types. This study included 60 patients and they were divided into three groups by Rickett's facial type. Their dentition and tongue position were compared. The results are as follows. 1. There is a significant difference in arch width of upper molars between different facial types. Especially dolichofacial type patients have narrowest arch width. 2. There is a significant difference in tongue position between different facial types. Especially dolichofacial type patients have lowest positioned tongue.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.28 no.4 s.69
• /
• pp.487-498
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate changes of airway size, tongue and hyoid position following orthognathic surgery in mandibular prognathism, and how they are adapted to new environment in time dependent manner. 37 patients, who had recieved orthognathic surgery, were selected for this study. lateral cephalogram of each patient was taken at preoperation, immediate postoperation, and over 6 month after operation, and were traced and analyzed The findings of this study were as follows : 1. The size of airway was not changed at PNS and Epiglottis level after operation, but it was changed slightly at 2nd cervical vertebra level. 2. The hyoid was moved inferoposteriorly at immediate postoperation, and then it shifted toward preoperative position, but it remained slightly inferoposterior position. The distance from hyoid to genial tubercle decreased continuously. 3. The position of tongue was moved inferoposteriorly at immediate postoperatioa and then it shifted toward preoperation position, but the root of the tongue remained inferoposteriorly. 4. The distance between tongue and hyoid was increased at immediate postoperation and slightly decreased during follow-up period. 5. The change of the mandibular position was not significantly correlated with changes of airway size, hyoid position, tongue morphology and tongue position.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.49 no.8
• /
• pp.839-844
• /
• 2006

Purpose : We studied clinical patterns of the febrile infants and children presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department(ED) in the general pediatric population. Method : We analyzed 1,764 infants and children who had a history of measured body temperature of $38.3^{\circ}C$ or higher, before or after arrival at Pediatric ED of Ilsan Paik Hospital from September 2004 to August 2005. We analyzed their clinical patterns, such as the frequency of febrile illness, age distribution, monthly distribution, diagnosis. Result : The frequency of the febrile illness at Pediatirc ED was 19.9 percent (1,764/8,881 cases). The percentage of admission into hospital was 26.4 percent. The most common age group presenting to Pediatric ED with febrile illness was the 12-23 months group(22.8 percent) followed by the 4-11 months group and the 2 years group. In May, the most numerous patients presented to the Pediatric ED with febrile illness. The frequency of febrile illness was significant higher in the 'Spring & Summer group' compared to the 'Autumn & Winter group'. The ratio of male to femal was 1.4:1. The most common diagnosis was acute pharyngitis(42.5 percent), followed by acute gastroenteritis (15.3 percent), pneumonia(7.0 percent). Conclusion : The frequency of the febrile illness at Pediatirc ED was 19.9 percent. The most numerous patients visited Pediatric ED in May. And, the most common age group was 12-23 months. The proportion of non-urgent disease, such as acute pharyngitis, acute gastroenteritis, acute nasopharyngitis and acute bronchitis, was high. There is a need to educate parents and improve the medical system in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2000

One week survey to investigate the prevalence rate and clinical characteristics of laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms in Korea. The subject(n=7,704 patients) was newly enrolled patients at the out patient clinic in 90 ENT departments of resident training hospitals and 11 local clinics, which were voluntarily participated in the study 1) Twenty five percent of all enrolled patients has LPR-related symptoms or clinical findings from the examination by ENT specialists. 2) Among e name of LPR-related diagnosis, globus syndrome was e most common, and follows by reflux laryngitis, and chronic laryngitis. 3) Women was more prevalent than men, and it is common in 5th, 6th, and 7th decades, which seems to be related with aging process. 4) Most popular symtoms of LPR. were globus sensation, conic throat clearing, and hoarseness of unknown origin. 5) Aggravating factors of LPR-related symptoms were tiredness, mental stress, drink alcohol, cigarettes smoking, spicy food, and drinking coffee. 6) LPR-related symptoms were more common in professional voice users. 7) In past medical history, diseases of stomach and tonsillitis were most common.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 1998

Purpose : Asymptomatic infections with positive throat culture for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci(GABHS) and high antistreptolysin O(ASO) concentration may lead to sequelae such as rheumatic fever or acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Children with asymptomatic infections were treated with oral penicillin V to evaluate the effectiveness of penicillin treatment on the asymptomatic infections. Methods : Throat culture and ASO concentration analysis were performed against healthy elementary school children. Thirty-six children with positive throat culture for GABHS and ASO concentrations of 400 IU/mL or more were divided into two groups. Twenty-two children were treated with oral penicillin V for 10 days, and the others were not treated. Eradication rate of GABHS and the change of ASO concentration between the two groups were compared after one month later. Results : Eradication rates of GABHS between treated and untreated children were 91%(20/22) and 50%(7/14) respectively(P<0.05). Children showing elevation of ASO levels more than 100IU/mL were 22%(4/18) in the treated group and 30%(3/10) in the untreated group, while children showing a decrease of more than 200IU/mL in the ASO level were 44%(8/18) and 40%(4/10) respectively. Conclusion : We confirmed the validity of penicillin treatment, because when we treated the asymptomatic children with penicillin V, the GABHS was eradicated effectively. But there was no significant difference of decrease in the ASO levels between the two groups due to long half-life of ASO or poor compliance. Treatment failure was 22% in terms of elevated ASO levels after penicillin treatment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.258-261
• /
• 2010

Lymphangioma is a rare benign congenital tumor of the lymphatic system, which is commonly diagnosed before 2 years of age. In the natronal report, cystic lymphangioma was usually reported as a huge translucent mass located in the head and neck area. It's occurrence in retropharyngeal space with respiratory obstruction and swallowing difficulty in neonate is extremely rare and postoperative nasopharyngeal reflux has rarely been reported. Complete resection is the standard therapy. However, involvement of the upper airway may be determining prognosis in the extensive lymphangiomas because of the difficulty of complete excision. We present a case of cystic lymphangioma in neonate which was initially asymptomatic but gradually progressed to cause respiratory obstruction due to enlargement. After resection, nasopharyngeal reflux developed with dysfunction of the soft palate and gradually improved with conservative care over 5 months.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.90-93
• /
• 2001

Purpose : The accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of group A streptococal infection should be emphasized concerning about possible development of late sequelae, such as acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. Inadequate & improperance of antobiotics have resulted in increased number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We would like to know the clinical usefulness of rapid strep test compared with conventional throat culture in out-patients with acute pharyngotonsilitis. Methods : From Sep. 2000. to Jan. 2001, rapid strep test(LINK 2 Strep A, USA) & throat culture were taken from 87 patients with clinically suspect pharyngotonsilitis from Masan Fatima hospital & kyunghee university hospital. Results : Of 87 cases with pharyngitis, 39 cases proved to have group A streptococci by throat culture. The positive predictive value of rapid test was 92.3%(36 of 39 cases) and sensitivity test was 81.8%(36 of 44 cases). The specificity of rapid test was 93.0%(40 of 43 cases) and negative predictive value was 83.3%(40 of 48 cases). Conclusion : The positive predictive value & specificity of rapid strep test is high. And so, this test will give the pediatricians practical guidance of antibiotic use in patients with pharyngitis. But more efforts should be made to prevent antibiotics abuse and correct diagnosis of pharyngitis.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1993.05a
• /
• pp.100-100
• /
• 1993

Palatopharyngoplasty has been widely performed for the treatment of chronic snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Lack of literature for long term effectiveness and complications of palatopharyngoplasty made us to report our result with minimum follow up of 5 years, compare to preop and postop 8 weeks deta. We evaluated subjective symptom and objectively documented polysomnographic improvement of 25 among 37 patients undergoing palatopharyngoplasty from 1987 to 1985. The remaining 12 patients were lost to follow up (1) snoring was abolized in 10 patients(40%) of these 25 patients and with vary degree(Grade 1-3), reduced in remainders except 3 patients (2) Sleep apnea seen preoperatively in 15 patient (AI > 20) was reduced to Grade 0 or Grade 1 in 13 patients. And marked change in AI & body weight was not seen at 5 year after operation. (3) 3 cases of mild velopharyngeal insufficiency, 1 case of asymmetry of soft palate 5 cases of pharyngeal dryness, were observed in this retrospective study and there was no nasopharyngeal stenosis loss of taste respiratory and cardiovascular complications.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
• /
• 1978.06a
• /
• pp.6.1-6
• /
• 1978

Dsysphagia or difficulty in swallowing is a symptom wich indicates the presence of disease or dysfunction. Because the cause & the original site are variable, it is significant to study the clinicostatistical analysis on 133 cases with complant of dysphagia during the last one year in the department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University. The results are as follows; 1) Among the total O.P.D. patients (6313 cases), patients complaining the dysphagia are 2.1%. 2) Male to female sex ratio is 1. 3 to 1, slightly predominent in male and average are 35.7 years. 3) The duration of chief complaint is about 251 days in average, but excluding the 8 cases with more than year of symptom, it is about 40 days. In detailed analysis of the duration; 67 cases (50.4%) occurred within 1 weak: 24 cases (18.0%), 1 week to 1 month: 34 cases (25.6%), 1 month to 1 year: 8 cases (6.0%), more than 1 year. 4) As to the site of origin, the oropharyngolaryngeal origin 106 cases (76.7%) are 4 times as many as the esophageal origin 27 cases (20.3%). 5) As to the etiological classification: inflammation 67 cases (50.4%), tumor 28 cases (21.0%), corrosive agent 14 cases (10.5%), foreign body 11 cases (8.3%) in order. 6) As to the disease entity: pharyngitis and tonsillitis 42 cases (31.6%), stomatitis 14 cases (10.5%), corrosive esophagitis 14 cases (10.5%), laryngeal tumor 12 cases (9.0%), peritonsillar abscess 9 cases (6.8%), esophageal foreign body 7 cases (5.2%), tongue tumor 7 cases (5.2%), tonsillar tumor 6 cases (4.5%), (pharyngeal foreign body 4 cases (3.0%)in order.