• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.120-134
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the hierarchical stepwise migration and its influences on regions (metropolitan areas, cities and counties of Korea administrative district) through analyzing the city rank-size and the changes of natural increase of population. The result shows that the inter-regional migration has been associated to the decrease of the population and the decline of NIR in the regions where outflows have been persisted. Also, theses demographic events have sequentially occurred through the hierarchy of settlement system: gradually from rural (gun) and lower ranked regions in the system of city rank-size, to urban (si) and regions in the high ranks in the system. Based on the result of this study, it is possible to understand and expect the major origins of inter-regional migration, the presence of the hierarchical stepwise migration and most significantly, the spatial expansion of depopulation problems.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.286-299
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• 2016

The increase of elderly population is inevitable a universal trend in developed countries. The Korea also followed this tendency. Especially the elderly population in Korea has been rapidly increasing since the 1990s. The rural population is aging more rapidly than the urban one because younger generations move into the urban area, due to better jobs and children education's opportunities. However, the majority of studies on population ageing are focused on the urban area rather than the rural ones. Rural areas also have been excluded as a priority of the national welfare policy for the elderly people. This paper tries to analyze the population ageing among regions and to identify the regional disparity between the elderly people and the level of public services in the rural area. Based upon these results, this study notes some policy alternatives for the improvement of quality of life of the rural elderly. It also suggests on the suitable location of public service facilities in the rural areas.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.837-851
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• 2016

The growth and development of Gwangyang city was a result of the POSCO Gwangyang Works, and Gwangyang city is one of typical firm citys in Korea. The objective of this study is to identify and examine the change of migration and population structure in Gwangyang city from 2001 to 2010. Since 1981, total number of population of Gwangyang city increased from 78,478 in 1981 to 145,512 in 2010. The population structure by age was changed with population increase since 2001, and 30-40 aging group was 35% of total in 2010. During 2001-2010, the netmigraion showed -2,925 people, however, the number of inmigrants were overtaking the number of out-migrants since 2008. The most common reason of in-migrants was occupation(49.5%). Factors influencing Gwangyang City's population growth and oversupply are the location of POSCO Gwangyang Works and steel-related enterprises, opening and construction of Gwangyang container berth, the related development projects and establishment of Gwangyang Bay Area Free Economic Zone, and the local policies of Gwangyang City connected with these large-scale national projects. As a result, the number of manufacturing-related businesses increased due to various regional development projects conducted in Gwangyang City, and the growth of the business continued to increase due to the increase of younger people and births.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.728-746
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the selective migration of young age group and the stage migration which has proceeded through generations, on the transition of fertility and the population growth in the rural and urban in the case of Jeollabuk-do. For this, we use O-D matrix of 20-34 age group, the distribution of that group and women of child bearing age, and vital statistics in 1970-2010. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, the outflows from their birth place are common and dominant features of 20-34 age group in each time. Second, there is the stage migration which preceding generation moved from the rural areas to the cities in Jeollabuk-do and following generation has moved from the cities to Seoul metropolitan area. Third the selective outflow migration of young age group has leaded to reduction of the childbearing population, declining birthrate, aging and natural population decline. Due to the stage migration, these depopulation processes occurred in rural area in the past, and currently it expands to the cities with about 15 years time gap. In fact, there have been the natural population decrease which annual number of deaths exceed that of births from the late 1980s in the most rural areas and in the early 2000s, such a phenomenon has been confirmed also in urban areas. Therefore, this study concludes that the stage migration through generations is one of the crucial factor to the population growth in local cities and also brings out the step-wise population decrease in settlement hierarchies.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.755-774
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• 2012

The main objective of the study is to propose GIS-based methods to assess the population distribution criteria for undesirable facilities such as nuclear power plants. First of all, a review of the relevant criteria was conducted for the official documents compiled by such institutions as IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), U.S. NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission), and some national institutes including the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety. It is informed from the review that the fundamental principle underlying the various criteria is to maximize the distance between a plant and the nearest population center. It is realized that two interrelated GIS-based techniques need to be devised to put the principle into practice; sophisticated ways of representing population distribution and identifying population centers. A dasymetric areal interpolation is proposed for the former and cell-based and area-based critical density methods are introduced. Grid-based population distributions at various spatial resolutions are created by means of the dasymetric areal interpolation. By applying the critical density methods to the gridded population distribution, some population centers satisfying the population size and density criteria can be identified. These methods were applied to the case of the Gori-1 nuclear power plant and their strengths and limitations were discussed. It was revealed that the assessment results could vary depending upon which method was employed and what values were chosen for various parameters. This study is expected to contribute to foster the applications of methods and techniques developed in geospatial analysis and modeling to the site selection and evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.212-232
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• 2011

The main objective of this study is to establish a population projection method based on the biregional cohort-component method and to apply it to population projections for Busan. Some drawbacks of using the net migration cohort-component method in a regional or local level population projection are demonstrated. A biregional cohort-component method, a variant of the interregional cohort-component method, is established as an alternative where in-migration and out-migration are separately considered and then are combined to produce a projection for the migration component. Predicated on the established method, population projections for Busan are undertaken for the period of 2005~2030 under three different scenarios. Considerably different projection results are obtained between the net migration and biregional methods; among others, the trend of population decline is more severe in the former than in the latter. An investigation of the temporal trend of the projected population shows that the proposed method is highly reasonable. In conclusion, the proposed method based on the biregional cohort-component method seems not only to be theoretically more robust than the net migration cohort-component method but also to be very effective in the real world application.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.401-420
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the changes in the occupational structure of employment in Korea during the last three decades, in which have transformed from industrialized economy to knowledge-based economy very rapidly as well as having experiences of both IMF and financial crisis. For this purpose, we analyze the trends occupational distribution and the socio-demographic characteristics of the occupational structure of employment since 1980. By applying correspondence analysis of Multidimensional Scaling(MDS) methods, we examine the inter-relationships between the employed persons by occupation and their characteristics such as gender, age group, educational attainment, industry, region. We found the occupational structure of Korea has been changed dramatically with the socio-economic transformations during the last four decades. In particular, the occupational (job) structure has been highered in general. However, it has also been dualized extremely into two groups, one is the specialized-skilled-white color jobs and the other is the simple-unskilled-blue color jobs. The results of this study could be utilized as the importation basis for the provision of labour supply and employment policy plan at the national level as well as at the local level.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.337-357
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• 2008

This study examines the characteristics of population ageing and the employment of aged workers in Seoul. Population indexes such as aged/child ratio and longevity degree are analyzed to identify the time-spatial changes and differentiation of population ageing by Gu. Job offerers, job seekers and employees related to the aged workers are also analyzed using data from Center of Job Placement for the Aged in Seoul. The results indicate that population ageing of Seoul has progressed faster than other regions in recent years. In addition, regional differences in tendency of population ageing is obvious even within Seoul. The percentage of unskilled laborer is much higher in Seoul compared with other regions. There is geographical differentiation in employment of aged workers among regions within Seoul. The employment opportunity of the aged is high in core economic areas of Seoul, while low in the outer residential area. This shows geographical mismatch between job offerers and seekers, which means that it is difficult for aged workers to get the jobs near to their residence. Accordingly, governmental support and intervention is needed considering their lower mobility.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.426-439
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the perceptions of local residents towards the tourism impacts. The region of this study, Anmyeon-do has been developed as an international tourist destination since 1993. This study was trying to estimate the perception differences between groups of resident in teams of socio-demographics, geographic characteristics and psycho-behavioral characteristics. Self-administered questionnaire survey was administered for the residents. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, t-test, and ANOVA was tested for the perception differences. Using segmentation approaches, it was revealed that geographic characteristics and psycho-behavioral characteristics were relatively useful to test the perceptions differences of residents towards tourism impacts. Implications are drawn for regional tourism policy and management.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.233-246
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• 2013

This paper investigates both the spatial patterns of aging population and its formal regional structure in 2010. The results are as follows: first, aging index shows high values in remote mountainous and coastal regions while showing relatively low values in Capital Region and large provincial cities. Aging index has low negative correlation with such variables as population increasing rate, ratio of youth population, ratio of apartments, and ratio of newly built housing. However, aging index shows high positive correlation with variables including ratio of single unit house, ratio of aged peoples' house ownerships, ratio of welfare recipients, ratio of old housing, and number of public healthcare facilities. Secondly, four factors are identified from factor analysis including aging factor, welfare factor, economic vitality factor, and new town factor. The aging level of a region is negatively related to the strong level of those factors. Thirdly, cluster analysis results in four different types of formal regions including rural mountainous coastal type, rural non-capital region type, large metropolitan type, and provincial industrial city type.