• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.270-278
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• 2013

The objective of the present study is to provide data needed to decide covering method to be able to increase the thermal insulation and light transmittance efficiency of commercial greenhouse. The thermal insulation effect, PPF transmittance and quantity of condensation water were estimated in experimental tomato greenhouses covered with three types of coverings of single layer, air inflated and conventional double layers covering. The overall heat flow of air inflated double layers greenhouse was similar to that of conventional double layers greenhouse, but the temperature between covering material and thermal screen in air inflated double layers greenhouse was lower than that in conventional double layers greenhouse at the same outside temperature condition due to air leakage through the gap of roof vent. The overall heat transfer coefficients acquired by experiment that was performed in single layer and conventional double layers greenhouses were close to those obtained from model experiment. Even though the PPF transmittance of air inflated double layers greenhouse was lower than that of single layer greenhouse, which was greater than that of conventional double layers greenhouse. The quantity of condensation water on covering surface of single layer greenhouse was greater than that of air inflated double layers greenhouse due to lower covering surface temperature.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2009

The construction of experimental greenhouses, operating test, and analysis on variation of different environment factors were conducted to provide fundamental data for design of Korean style air-inflated double-layer plastic greenhouse. The development of technology of attaching plastic to the structure and fasteners to be able to keep airtight was required in order to maintain proper static pressure in air space of double layer coverings. The insulation effect of air inflated greenhouse was better than conventional type. The temperature of arch type roof was greater about $2^{\circ}C$ than peach type roof in air inflated greenhouse. It was recommended that the plastic should be attached at the edges without clearance length in order to ease installation and raise airtightness of double layer coverings. The transmittance of arch type roof was greater than peach type in air inflated one span greenhouse. The transmittance of air inflated greenhouse was greater than conventional type due to frame ratio and distance between double layers in three span greenhouse. The condensation occurred on conventional type greenhouse was more than air inflated type. It was required to examine for a long time in order to analyze it quantitatively.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.413-422
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of double layer mulching on reducing the labor required to weed control and Leaf sheath training of the garlic cultivation. Six mulching methods(non-mulching, transparent P.E., rice hull+transparent P.E., sawdust+transparent P.E., rice straw+transparent P.E., black P.E. film+ transparent P.E.) were used for the experiment, and transparent P.E film was removed on April 10. Weed occurrence was in the order of black P.E. film< transparent P.E

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.139-143
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• 1983

Nicotiana Tabacum L., cv. NC2326, Burley2l and Sohyang seeds were coated with different five materials - zeolite, serpentine, coal briquet ash, serpentine+zeolite and coal briquet ash+zeolite - to investigate the effects of coating on germination. The coating materials had different characteristics and gave varied effects on germination. Among three tobacco varieties, coated seeds of Burley2l showed the most sensitive responses in germination rate of decreasing and delaying at low temperature on seedbed and laboratory tests.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 국내에서 상용되고 있는 온실 피복재 및 보온재의 조합에 따른 관류열전달계수를 핫박스를 이용하여 평가하는 것이다. 온실용 일중 및 이중 피복재와 이중 보온재의 조합에 대하여 야간천공복사 차단여부에 따른 관류열전달계수를 핫박스를 이용하여 실외에서 측정하였다. 처리조건은 일중피복, 이중피복, 이중피복과 이중 마트보온재 및 이중피복과 이중 다겹보온재의 조합조건과 천공복사 유무에 따른 조건이며 총 8가지이다. 제작된 핫박스는 상시 변화하는 외부의 기상조건하에서도 내부온도를 설정된 온도로 일정하게 잘 유지할 수 있었다. 온실 피복재 및 보온재의 관류열전달계수를 측정하는 실내용 측정장치는 반드시 야간천공복사를 모의할 수 있는 측정장치가 되어야 할 것이다. 야간복사를 차단함으로서 온실의 열 손실을 줄여 보온효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 모든 피복방식에 대해 야간복사 차단장치 유무에 관계없이 높은 풍속에서의 관류열전달계수가 낮은 풍속에서보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용된 측정기법을 사용하면 국내에서 생산되는 피복재 및 보온재의 관류열전달 특성을 정량적으로 비교할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.144-149
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• 1983

Experiments were conducted to develop a pelletization method of minute tobacco seeds for easy handling at seeding by hand or for mechanical seeding. Serpentine, zeolite, and talc were tested as coating materials and the resulting pills were compared in size uniformity, hardness, length of time needed for coating, percentage of pills containing a single seed, and speed of disintegration when submerged in water. Talc was the poorest and zeolite was good only in hardness. On the other hand serpentine was good in most characters above, except for brittleness. This defect, however, was overcome by double coating, first with serpentine and followed by zeolite. This new pelletizing method results in optimum hardness, uniform size, and high ratio of pellets containing one tobacco seed. When compared to bare tobacco seeds, the double-coated seeds did not differ in germination test.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different covering materials and methods on heat insulation of a plastic greenhouse, growth and yield of tomato. Night air and soil temperatures in a double-layer greenhouse with external multifold thermal cover (MTC; eight-ounce cassimere+four-fold polyform+double-fold non-woven fabric+single-fold polypropylene covering were about $1^{\circ}C$ lower than in that with internal MTC covering, but about $3^{\circ}C$ higher than in that with an EVA film screen. Tomato yield in the external MTC covering increased by $2\%\;and\;19\%$ as compared to that in the internal MTC covering and the non-covering of MTC, respectively, due to its high light transmission and insulation effect. Night air temperatures in a double-layer greenhouse with external MTC covering and with thermal screen (polyester plus aluminium) were $2.2^{\circ}C\;and\;4.5^{\circ}C$ higher than those in a double-layer greenhouse with an external MTC covering and in a double-layer greenhouse equipped an EVA film screen, respectively. Tomato yield in the treatment with external MTC covering and a thermal screen was $18\%\;and\;37\%$ greater than that in the external MTC covering and in an EVA film screen, respectively. Results indicate that tomato could be grown without heating or with minimal heating in a double-layer greenhouse covered with MTC and a thermal screen during the winter season in sourthern regions of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.41-51
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• 2014

천공복사를 구현할 수 있는 관류열전달계수 측정용 실내실험장치를 제작하고 국내에서 사용되고 있는 온실 피복재 및 보온재의 관류열전달계수를 측정하여 실외실험에서 측정된 결과와 비교하여 타당성을 평가하였다. 외부피복은 0.1 mm 두께의 폴리에틸렌 필름을 사용하여 일중 및 이중피복으로 처리하였다. 이중외부피복조건의 경우 4가지 종류의 보온재를 처리하여 총 6가지 피복처리에 대하여 실험을 실시하였다. 모든 피복처리조건에 대하여 야간복사 유무에 따른 관류열전달계수 측정실험이 수행되었다. 천공복사의 유무에 따라 온실피복재의 관류열전달계수의 변화 경향이 크게 차이가 있었기 때문에 실내실험을 통해 관류열전달계수를 측정하기 위해서는 반드시 실제의 천공복사를 구현할 수 있는 실험장치가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 실내 실험결과와 실외 실험결과가 비교적 잘 일치하였으며 실내실험장치를 이용하여 관류열전달계수를 측정하는 것이 타당성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 천공복사 유무에 따른 관류열전달계수의 차이는 핫박스 내외부의 온도차이가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.585-590
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• 2001

Bulbs of Lilium Oriental hybrids cv. 'Casablanca' and 'Marco Polo' were grown in a plastic house in alpine area of Pyongchang Kangwondo. Saw-dust, black film, reflective film, transparent film, and white/black double film were used as mulching materials to ascertain the growth of foliage, the quality of flower, and the size of bulbs. Foliage weights of both lilies were higher when lilies were grown with mulching materials than control. There were no differences of bulb weight among the control and mulching treatments, except delayed bulb growth in black film and white/black double film. Mulching cultivation with saw-dust and reflective film stimulated foliage growth, root growth and bulb production, but black film delayed the growth and development. Transparent and white/black double films showed no effects on foliage growth and bulb development than the control. As mulching materials tended to delay lily growth, including foliage and bulb, an extension of growing term might be better to produce high quality lilies than common cultivation in alpine area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05c
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• pp.238-243
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• 1996

현재 상용 공급되고 있는 4종의 경수로 핵연료 피복관에 대해 노외 부식특성 시험을 수행하여 그 특성을 비교하였다. 이중 3종의 피복관은 제조공정을 달리하여 제조된 low tin Zircaloy-4 (피복관 A, B, C)이며, 1종은 Nb이 첨가된 Zr 합금 (피복관 D)이었다. 증류수내 Li 함량을 2.2 ppm, 30 ppm, 220 ppm으로 변화시키며 부식시험을 수행한 결과 최종 pilgering시 낮은 Q 인자와 높은 열처리 온도로 제조된 피복관 A의 내부식성이 대체로 우수하였으며, 220 ppm Li 수용액에서는 Nb이 첨가된 피복관의 내부식성이 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났다. Li 첨가의 영향을 보면 2.2 ppm Li 첨가시에는 증류수와 거의 동일한 부식거동을 나타내고 있으나 30 ppm Li 첨가시에는 부식이 가속되고 있었으며, 220 ppm Li으로 Li 함량이 크게 증가하였을 때 부식속도도 크게 증가하였다. 수소흡수율은 피복관 A에서 가장 높았으며, 피복관 D가 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다.