• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.128-141
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• 1996

한국어-영어 이중언어자와 비이중언어자인 한국 대학생들을 대상으로 두 언어 처리의 독립성과 영어 처리의 사고 억제 과정을 알아보기 위해서 두 개의 산출실험을 실시하였다. 실험 1에서는 한국어와 영어로 산출 과제를 준 후에 한국어, 영어 단어에 대한 어휘 판단 과제를 하였다. 이중언어자는 한국어-영어 처리 체계가 분리되어 있어서 산출 언어와 목표 단어의 언어가 바뀐 경우에 단어 판단시간이 더 길 것으로 예상하였으나 유의미한 결과는 나오지 않았다. 비이중언어자는 영어 산출 후에 한국어, 영어 단어에 대한 판단 시간이 모두 느려졌으며 이것은 영어 산출에 많은 심적 자원을 소모하였기 때문이라고 해석하였다. 실험2에서는 영어로만 1분간 산출 과제를 주고 20초씩 나눈 세 구간에서 발화된 단어 수를 측정하였다. 이중언어자는 세 번째 구간에서 유의미하게 발화된 단어수가 감소하였지만 비이중언어자는 세 구간에서 발화된 단어수가 비슷하였다. 이것을 영어 산출시의 처리 부담과 관련하여 논하였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.123-127
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• 1996

영어와 한국어의 통사구조의 차이로 인하여, 이중언어자와 비이중언어자인 한국 대학생의 영어 문장 유형에 따른 통사 처리에 있어 차이가 있을 것이다. 네가지 영어 문장 유형, 수동태, 관계사절, 물주구문, 가정법 구문 등으로 문장 완성 과제를 실험하여 이중언어자와 비이중언어자의 문장완성 시간과 오류율을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 비이중언어자인 한국 대학생은 다른 문장 유형에 비하여 물주구문에서의 통사처리 수행에 있어 이중언어자와 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이로부터 이중언어자와 한국 대학생의 영어 문장의 통사 정보처리의 자동화 및 어순효과 정보와 생물 주어(word animacy)구문 단서, 즉 대부분의 주어는 살아있는 사물의 명사로 이루어져 있다는 단서(Gass, l987)의 사용에 대하여 논의하였다.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.81-101
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• 2009

This study analyzed a total of 37 studies about bi-lingulism and English education as a foreign language published in 8 academic journals in early childhood education or child development fields. Research topics, participants, methods, and variables in the studies were categorized and descriptively analyzed. The research findings which had been statistically investigated were also summarized. The most frequently studied research topics were children's development and English education program exposure, actual conditions of English education in preschool settings and effectiveness of specific English programs for preschool children. However, children's home characteristics were seldom included as research variables and no research investigated so called English preschools. Several studies reported that bi-lingual children may have different language development paths from mono-lingual children but they eventually have comparable language abilities to mono-lingual children. Also some studies reported that, when learning English as a foreign language in school settings, older children can handle more information regarding English than younger children, resulting in better outcomes of older children. Exposure to two languages in early childhood seems to contribute to young children's meta linguistic awareness but the long term effect of English education in early childhood should be further studied. Several English education programs for preschool settings were developed and the effectiveness were investigated. Even though most of them reported that their programs were effective to children's English ability or interests, the results should be carefully interpreted because their research designs and methods were not rigorous.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.164-166
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• 2003

모국어와 영어의 2중 언어 통로 모국어 통로, 4-6개월 태아의 내이 형성에서 시작, 탯줄과 수도청음 주파수 8khz로 학습됨, 모국어=어머니 언어특질에 맞춰진 처음 인지구조 이중언어통로와 영어학습 원리, 모국어 기반의 새로운 언어 통로 형성, 모국어와 원 어민 언어 특질의 정합 (중략)

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2004.10d
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• pp.240-247
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of phonology in lexical access of bilingual processing for Korean-English bilinguals. Four experiments have been conducted in order to adjudicate the nonselective lexical access hypothesis, which argues simultaneous phonological activation of two bilingual languages, and the selective lexical access hypothesis, which argues phonological activation of only one bilingual language. The results showed that the Korean target word processing was significantly affected by the phonological manipulation of the English prime word(Exp. 2). Similarly, the English target word processing showed the tendencies that it is affected by the phonological manipulation of the Korean prime word(Exp. 2). This results indicates that the phonological information of another bilingual language is automatically activated when we process one of bilingual languages, and the process of English, which is the second language for most Korean, is phonologically activated.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.43-53
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of phonology in lexical access of bilingual processing for Korean-English bilinguals. Four experiments have been conducted in order to adjudicate the nonselective lexical access hypothesis, which argues simultaneous phonological activation of two bilingual languages, and the selective lexical access hypothesis. which argues phonological activation of only one bilingual language. The results showed that the Korean target word processing was significantly affected by the phonological manipulation of the English target word(Exp. 2). Similarly, the English target word processing showed the tendencies that it is affected by the phonological manipulation of the Korean prime word(Exp. 2). This results indicates that the phonological information of another bilingual language is automatically activated when we process one of bilingual languages, and the process of English which is the second language for most Korean, is phonologically activated.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the mean fundamental frequency (F0) changes depending on language, task, or language proficiency for Korean-English bilinguals. A total of forty-eight Korean-English speakers (28 balanced bilinguals and 20 Korean dominant bilinguals) participated in the study. Participants were asked to read aloud two types of tasks in English and Korean. For statistical analyses, the language ${\times}$ task two-way repeated ANOVAs were conducted within the balanced bilingual group first, and then group ${\times}$ language two-way mixed ANOVAs. The results showed that the females in both bilingual groups changed their mean F0 depending on the language they used and the tasks (p<.05), whereas no significant results were found in the males in either group under any conditions. The mean fundamental frequency in the Korean reading task was significantly higher than that in the English reading task for females in both balanced and Korean dominant bilingual groups. Thus, changes in mean F0 depending on language and context may reflect gender-specific characteristics, and females seem to be more sensitive to the socio-cultural standards that are imposed on them.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.419-422
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• 2021

본 논문은 한국어와 영어 코퍼스 93GB를 활용하여 구축한 대형 사전학습기반 언어모델인 KE-T5를 소개한다. KE-T5는 한국어와 영어 어휘 64,000개를 포함하는 대규모의 언어모델로 다양한 한국어처리와 한국어와 영어를 모두 포함하는 번역 등의 복합언어 태스크에서도 높은 성능을 기대할 수 있다. KE-T5의 활용은 대규모의 언어모델을 기반으로 영어 수준의 복잡한 언어처리 태스크에 대한 연구들을 본격적으로 시작할 수 있는 기반을 마련하였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2002.10e
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• pp.235-242
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• 2002

본 논문은 한영 교차언어 정보검색을 위한 질의 변환 방법과 질의 확장에 대해서 기술하고 있다. 한영 교차언어 정보 검색은 한국어 질의와 관련된 영어 문서를 검색하는 것을 말하며, 한국어 질의를 영어 질의로 변환하는 방법을 사용했다. 이를 위해 한국어 단어들에 대한 영어 대역어들의 공기 정보를 이용하며, 공기 정보로는 상호 정보를 사용했다. 또한 한국어와 영어의 연어 사전을 사용하여 성능을 향상시켰다. 추가적인 검색 성능 향상을 위한 방법으로, 기존 연구에서 많이 사용된 적합성 피드백에 의한 지역적 질의 확장 대신, 영어 워드넷을 확장하여 구축한 한영 이중언어 시소러스를 사용하여 질의 확장을 하는 전역적 질의 확장을 시도하였다. 실험결과, 정확률의 향상보다는 재현율의 향상 정도가 더 컸으며, 긴 질의보다 짧은 질의를 확장한 경우가 성능이 높았다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.177-203
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• 2008

The present study was aimed to compare the semantic systems represented by the lexicon between L1 and L2 in late Korean-English bilinguals. The participants performed the word-picture matching task. the task was to decide whether the pictures represent the previously presented words' meaning. The words were the basic level categories. The stimuli were consisted of common object belonged to two different semantic categories (natural and artificial). To control the translation strategies, the SOA were manipulated as 650ms(Exp. 1) and 250ms(Exp. 2). No translation effort was found in the comparison of the two experiments. In both experiment, the RTs were faster in L1 rendition, and it took longer to decide the stimuli in natural categories than with artificial ones in L1. However, this category effect was not observed in L2. The results showed the differences in the organization of semantic representations in the brain through the bilinguals' two languages. While L1 semantic knowledge might be more systematically organized, that of L2 seems to be less well organized, at least by late bilinguals who participated in the present study.