• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the effects of probiotics supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, occurrence of diarrhea and immune response in weaning pigs. Treatments were 1) NC (basal diet), 2) PC (basal diet + 0.12% avilamycin) and 3) A (basal diet + 0.2% Aspergillus oryzae), 4) B (basal diet + 0.2% Lactobacillus casei), 5) C (basal diet + 0.2% Bacillus subtilis), 6) D (basal diet + 0.2% Lactobacillus crispatus). A total of 120 pigs ($7.16\pm0.01$ kg average body weight, weaned at $23\pm3$days of age) were assigned to 6 treatments, 5 replicates and 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. During the whole experimental period, body weight (P<0.01), average daily gain (ADG; P<0.01), and average daily feed intake (ADFI; P<0.05) of treatment PC were higher than other treatments. However, the probiotics treatments tended to increase ADG and G:F ratio compared to treatment NC. The G:F ratio in treatment A (Aspergillus oryzae) was similar to treatment PC during the whole experimental period (P<0.05). The supplementation of probiotics in the diet of weaning pig did not change nutrient digestibility (dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and ash) and nitrogen retention of weaning pigs. In blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, treatment B had lower value than other treatments at 2 and 4 weeks (P<0.05). Treatments PC and C tended to decrease diarrhea score than other treatments (P=0.18). At 3h after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, treatments NC and PC had higher count of $CD^{4+}$ T-cells than probiotics treatments, and treatment C showed the lowest value (P<0.01). There were no differences on count of $CD^{8+}$ T-cells and $CD^{4+}:CD^{8+}$ ratio among all treatments (P>0.10). These results suggest that the dietary probiotics are likely able to improve the growth performance, occurrence of diarrhea and immune response although they do not have similar effects like antibiotics in weaning pigs.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.158-165
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• 1985

The study was conducted to obtain some genetic information for breeding of mice. Average performance, heterosis and genetic variance were estimated with 362 progenies from a full diallel cross of four lines of mice (BALB/c, CBA, C3H and C57BL). The progenies were reared at the Experimental Animal Farm. College of Agriculture, Kyungpook National University from November, 1984 to February, 1985. Data for litter size. sex ratio, body weight and weaning rate were analyzed into heterosis effects, and genetic variance with Hayman's model. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Average performance was 7.54 in litter size, 53.20 % in sex ratio, 1.55 g in birth weight, 10.45 g in weaning weight and 94.13 % in weaning rate. 2. The estimated heterois was 6.97% in litter size, 7.26 % in sex ratio, 6.08% in birth weight, 3.54% in weaning weight and 2.05% in weaning rate, respectively. 3. Additive gene effects were not observed in litter size, sex ratio, birth weight, weaning weight and weaning rate. In litter size and weaning weight, dominance effects were observed, which were shown due to individual crosses in litter size and were shown mean dominance effects of parental line in weaning weight. Mat-Maternal effects appeared in birth weight and weaning weight, and reciprocal effects were observed in weaning weight.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.103-137
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• 2004

This study examines the basis of trust in relationships by adolescents and their parents using the indigenous psychological approach. Using the indigenous methodology, adolescents were asked the reasons why they trusted their mother, father, friends, and teachers. Parents were asked why they trusted their children, spouse and their children's teachers. A total of 1,737 participants completed an open-ended survey: 579 adolescents (274 middle school and 305 high school students) and their parents (579 fathers) and (579 mothers). The results indicate that adolescents trust their parents because of their sacrifice, followed by consanguinity (i.e., blood relationship), respect, their trust in me, dependability, and their advice and counseling. The reasons why adolescents trust their teachers is because of the academic guidance they provide, unconditional trust of teachers, their concern and care, respect for teachers, advice and counseling they provide, they are like parents, and because of their sacrifice for the students. The reasons for trusting their friends are as follows: Dependability, closeness, unconditional trust of friends, their understanding of me, and their emotional support. The reasons why parents trust their children are: Children's sincerity, honesty, consanguinity, parents' expectation and communication with the children, children's obedience, and since they are diligent in their schoolwork. The reasons for trusting one's spouse are reported to be sincerity, their sacrifice for the family, honesty, unconditional trust of a spouse, and because of mutual support. The reasons why parents trust their children's teachers are reported as follows: Unconditional trust of teachers, their sacrifice for the students, and their sincerity. There were no significant differences across the type of school and academic grades in terms of trust of parents. However, middle school students are more likely to trust their teachers, and high school students are more likely trust their friends. The male students rather than female students and those students with higher academic grades are more likely to trust their parents, friends, and teachers. For parents, there were no significant differences across age, sex, and educational status concerning the trust of their children, spouse, and children's teachers. There was a positive correlations between parents' trust of their spouse and children and their children's trust of their parents. There was also a positive correlations of mothers' trust of children's teachers and the children's trust of their teachers.

• Vending industry
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.46-50
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• 2008

자판기 산업의 새로운 비전은 과연 창출될 수 있을까?' 내년도 개최되는 Vending Korea 2009 전시회를 바라보는 업계의 관심이 서서히 고조되고 있다. 지난 2003년 이후 5년여 만에 개최되는 전시회에 관심이 높을 수밖에 없는 이유는 현 자판기 산업계가 유사이례 최악의 시장 부진에 시달리고 있기 때문이다. 이런 상황에서 과연 Vending Korea 2009 전시회가 새롭게 산업에 활력을 부여하고, 불황 타파의 해법을 제시할 수 있기를 바라는 기대가 커지고 있는 것이다. Vending Korea 2009 전시회를 통해 산업계가 총결집해 새로운 성장 동력을 창출하지 못하면 자판기 산업의 미래 역시 불투명해질 수밖에 없다. 이제 과제는 산업계가 총집결해 새로운 성장 동력을 창출하지 못하면 자판기 산업의 미래 역시 불투명해질 수밖에 없다. 이제 과제는 산업계가 온 힘을 다해 성공적인 전시회를 개최하는 일이다. 무엇보다 풍성한 전시회의 아이템을 선보이는 일이 전시회 성패의 관건. 많은 업체들이 참가할 수 있도록 주최 측에서 최선을 다하겠지만 업체들의 자발적인 전시회 참가의욕 고취가 가장 중요한 요인이 된다. 그렇다면 과연 왜 Vending Korea 2009 전시회에 참가를 해야 하는가? 참가를 하지 않으면 후회할 수밖에 없는 Vending Korea 2009의 마법은 무엇인가? Vending Korea 2009에 반드시 참가해야 하는 이유 몇 가지를 살펴봤다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.37-39
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• 2005

브로드캐스트는 하나 또는 여러 개의 채널을 이용해서 다수의 모바일 클라이언트들이 빈번하게 필요로 하는 데이터를 효과적으로 전송하기 위한 방법 중의 하나이다. 무선 브로드 캐스트 환경에서는 모바일 클라이언트의 제한된 자원과 모바일 클라이언트에서 서버로의 제한된 상향 대역폭 등의 이유로 기존의 동시성 제어 기법을 그대로 사용할 수 없다. 이러한 이유로 무선 브로드캐스팅 환경을 위한 동시성 제어 기법들이 많이 연구 되어 왔다. 하지만 지금까지 제안된 동시성 제어기법들은 단일 채널 환경 하에 하나의 브로드캐스트 주기 동안 브로드캐스팅 되는 데이터 간에는 일관성을 가진다는 가정 하에 동시성 제어 기법들이 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 다중 채널 환경에서는 여러 가지 이유로 단일채널의 동시성 제어 기법을 적용할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 다중채널 브로드캐스팅 환경에서 읽기 전용 트랜잭션을 처리하기 위한 동시성 제어 기법을 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.536-538
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• 2015

전기 에너지가 우리 생활에 유용하게 사용되는 부분이 정말 많다. 최근에는 자전거 열풍이 불면서 덩달아 전동 자전거 업계에도 호황이 일고 있는데, 21C 기후 변화와 환경오염, 교통체증 등의 문제해결을 위한 저탄소 녹색성장의 인식 전환으로 전동 자전거 이용이 늘어나고 있다. 이는 전동 자전거도 전기 에너지가 사용되고 있다 점이다. 하지만 이런 장점을 가지고 있는 전동 자전거를 많은 사람들이 구입하지 못하는 이유가 있다. 대부분의 이유가 '집에 자전거 1대씩 가지고 있는데, 굳이 비싼 돈을 주고 전동 자전거를 구입해야하나?' 라는 생각을 가지게 된다. 또 다른 이유로는 기존의 전동 자전거가 탈 부착 형식이 아닌 일체형으로 나오기 때문에 다른 신제품의 전동 자전거가 나온다면 기존의 전동 자전거의 부품을 사용하지 못 하고 새로운 자전거를 사야 한다는 단점 때문이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 탈 부착이 가능한 전기 자전거 시스템을 구현하고자 한다.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 1983

금속재료의 성질은 상(phase)의 혼합된, 즉 금속학적인 지식으로 이해할 수 있는 부분과 상을 구성하고 있는 원자의 결합상태 혹은 전자의 존재상태를 생각하지 않으면 안되는 부분이 있다. 예를 들면 철과 동을 비교할 경우 동의 경우가 전기전도성이 좋은 이유라든가 대기중에 방치한 경우의 내식성이 좋은 이유, 또는 철이 강자성을 나타내는 이유 등 어느 것도 금속중의 전자의 거동에 의해서 설명하지 않으면 안된다. 그리고 원자로에 사용되는 재료로써 문제시되는 중 성자의 흡취능과 같은 것은 원자핵의 구조를 이해하는 입장에서 고찰하지 않으면 안된다. 이들의 분야는 어느 것이든 금속물리학의 중요한 분야이지만 여기에서는 취급하지 않고 다만 금속학적인 지식도 재료의 물리적, 화학적 성질을 이해하는 데에 있어서 중요하다는 것을 예를 들어 기술 하는 데에 그쳤다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.36-41
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• 2000

Mixing characteristics of unlike impinging streams double injectors have a great effect on combustion stability and combustion efficiency for liquid rocket engine. In this study a cold test was carried out, using water and TCE as simulants, in order to examine the effect of design parameters such as impingement angle, orifice diameter ratio and momentum ratio on the mass distribution and mixing quality.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2012

The present survey was conducted to provide basic information on Hanwoo calf management. Eight hundred and sixty-two Hanwoo breeding farms from all nine provinces were surveyed via personal interviews. The percentages of farms categorized by herd size were 30.5%, 32.8%, 26.0% and 10.7% for <50 heads, 51-100 heads, 101-200 heads, and >200 heads, respectively. More than 50% of farms offered calf starter at 6-10 days of age, showing that calf starter was offered relatively at an earlier age. Calf starter was replaced every three days by 30.1% of farms. The percentages of farms replacing starter weekly (19.2%) were even higher than those of replacing starter daily (18.8%), suggesting that the frequency of replacing starter needs to be increased to maintain starter freshness and to increase starter intake. About one-third of farms offered forage at 6-10 days of age and 21% of farms offered even at 1-5 days of age although it has been well known that forage does not contain either nutrient density or nutrient profile necessary to stimulate rumen papillae development, especially before weaning. Furthermore, about half of farms used rice straw with calf starter. Water was offered relatively at an earlier age (1-5 days of age) by 55% of farms. Deciding when to wean calves should be based on starter intake rather than age but less than 50% of farms decided weaning age by starter intake. In conclusions, to reduce weaning age of Hanwoo calves by rapid rumen papillae development it is necessary to provide fresh starter and water by increasing frequency of starter replacing and water trough cleaning and not to feed forage before weaning.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 2011

The present survey was conducted to investigate effects of weaning age on market weights of steers and calf mortality in Hanwoo. Eight hundred and sixty-two Hanwoo cow-calf operations from all nine provinces were surveyed via personal interviews. The number of farms categorized by herd (heifer plus cow) size were 188, 364, 227 and 83 for <20 heads, 20~49 heads, 50~99 heads and >100 heads, respectively. Approximate 40% of farms surveyed weaned calves at three months of age. The percentages of farms weaning calves over three months of age were 53.5%, 37.5%, 43.7% and 39.0% for <20 heads, 20~49 heads, 50~99 heads and >100 heads, respectively. The herd size did not affect market weights of Hanwoo steers. However weaning age was negatively correlated to carcass weight of Hanwoo steers, showing that as weaning age decreased, carcass weights of Hanwoo steers increased. The average calf mortality was 5.6% and the herd size did not affect calf mortality. But weaning age was shown to be positively correlated to calf mortality and the rate of diarrhea that caused calf death, suggesting that as weaning age decreased, calf mortality and the rate of diarrhea decreased. Overall, the results of present study suggest that a decrease of calf weaning age in Hanwoo can increase the profit of Hanwoo cow-calf operations by increasing carcass weight of Hanwoo steers and by decreasing calf mortality.