• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 2008

Amylose and protein contents are important traits determining the edible quality of rice, especially in East Asian countries. Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) has become a powerful tool for rapid and nondestructive quantification of natural compounds in agricultural products. To test the practically of using NIRS for estimation of brown rice amylose and protein contents, the spectral reflectances ($400{\sim}2500\;nm$) of total 9,483 accessions of rice germplasm in Rural development Administration (RDA) Genebank ere obtained and compared to chemically determined amylose and protein content. The protein content of tested 119 accessions ranged from 6.5 to 8.0% and 25 accessions exhibited protein contents between 8.5 to 9.5%. In case of amylose content, all tested accessions ranged from 18.1 to 21.7% and the grade from 18.1 to 19.9% includes most number of accessions as 152 and 4 accessions exhibited amylose content between 20.5 to 21.7%. The optimal performance calibration model could be obtained from original spectra of brown rice using MPLS (Modified Partial Least Squares) with the correlation coefficients ($r_2$) for amylose and protein content were 0.865 and 0.786, respectively. The standard errors of calibration (SEC) exhibited good statistic values: 2.078 and 0.442 for amylose and protein contents, respectively. All these results suggest that NIR spectroscopy may serve as reputable and rapid method for quantification of brown rice protein and amylose contents in large numbers of rice germplasm.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.398-410
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• 2010

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in dentofacial morphology of non-orthodontically treated female patients with TMJ disk displacement. Methods: The sample consisted of 25 Korean female patients with bilateral TMJ disk displacement who visited the Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 1996 to 2006. Disk displacements were diagnosed using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both TMJs. Baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2) lateral cephalograms were analyzed. The mean age of samples at T1 was $18.1{\pm}3.5$ years (range 14.2 - 25.8 years) and at T2, $21.1{\pm}3.5$ years (range 16.2 - 28.0 years). The mean observation period was $3.0{\pm}1.9$ years. Descriptive statistics for each variable were calculated at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2) stages, and during the observation period (T2-T1). Results: Skeletal changes were found in 64% of the non-orthodontically treated female patients with TMJ disk displacement during the observation period. The L1 to Mandibular plane distance (mm) increased significantly by 0.8 mm (p < 0.01). But there were no significant differences in the other dental relationship variables (overjet, overbite, U1 to palatal plane) during the observation period. Most patients with skeletal changes showed a backward rotation of the mandible. The ratio of the rotation was a decrease of SNB by $0.43^{\circ}$ for every $1^{\circ}$ increase of FMA (Spearman rho = -0.660, P < 0.01). A few patients showed a distal shift of the mandible without rotation or significant changes in the vertical dimension. Conclusions: During observation periods without orthodontic treatment, non-growing patients with TMJ disk displacement showed dentoskeletal changes, mainly backward rotation of the mandible.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Purpose : Recent development of diffusion tensor imaging enables the evaluation of the microstructural characteristics of the brain white matter. However, optimal imaging parameters for diffusion tensor imaging, particularly concerning the number of diffusion gradient direction, have not been studied thoroughly yet. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the number of diffusion gradient direction on the fiber tracking of the white matter. Materials and methods : 13 healthy volunteers (ten men and three women, mean age 30 years, age range 23-37 years) were included in this study. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed with different numbers of diffusion gradient direction as 6, 15, and 32, keeping the other imaging parameters constant. The imaging field ranged from 1 cm below the pons to 2-3 cm above the lateral ventricle, parallel to the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line. FA (fractional anisotropy) maps were created via image postprocessing, and then FA and its standard deviation were calculated in the genu and the splenium of the corpus callosum on each of FA maps. Fiber tracking of the corticospinal tract in the brain was performed and the number of the reconstructed fibers of the tract was measured. FA, standard deviation of FA and the number of the reconstructed fibers were compared statistically between the different diffusion gradient directions. Results : FA is not statistically significantly different between the different diffusion gradient directions. By increasing the number of diffusion gradient direction, standard deviation of FA decreased significantly, and the number of the reconstructed fibers increased significantly. Conclusion : The higher number of diffusion gradient direction provided better quality of fiber tracking.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.757-762
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• 2006

Purpose : Pneumonia is one of the most common infections in children who visit emergency departments(ED), but standard clinical guidelines for children with pneumonia in Korea have not been studied. This study was performed to collect and evaluate a data-base of children with pneumonia for establishing clinical guidelines in ED. Methods : This study reviewed 304 children who were diagnosed and treated for pneumonia in the ED at one tertiary hospital between January 2003 and December 2003 retrospectively by reviewing the charts and analyzing the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and radiologic findings between an admission group and a discharge group. Results : The 2 year-5 year age group was the top of age distribution and the peak incidence of monthly distribution was December. Two hundred forty seven(81.3 percent) children were hospitalized(admission group), and the mean length of hospitalization was $7.24{\pm}3.24$ days. The most common indications of admission were fever, tachypnea and an age of less than three months. There was statistical differences in the outpatient department follow-up between the two groups(85.8 percent in admission group vs 35.1 percent in discharge group). Conclusion : More prospective studies are needed to establish clinical standard guidelines for children with pneumonia. This will be helpful in ED management and will aid the prevention of pneumonia.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.72-78
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to evaluate the patient's setup errors in TomoTherapy (Hi-Art II, TomoTherapy, USA) Bodyfix system (Medical Intelligence, Ele-kta, Schwabmuchen, Germany) pressure in the vacuum compression, depending on and were evaluated. Bodyfix immobilization system and vacuum pressure was compression applied to the patients who received Tomotherapy thoracic and abdominal area, 21 patients were selected and TomoTehpay treatment total 477 of MVCT images were obtained. The translational (medial-lateral: ML, anterior-posterior: AP, superior-inferior: SI directions) and rolling were recorded and analyzed statistically. Using Pearson's product-moment coefficient and One-way ANOVA, the degree of correlation depending on the different vacuum pressure levels were statistically analyzed for setup errors from five groups (p<0.05). The largest average and standard deviation of systematic errors were 6.00, 5.95 mm in the AP and SI directions, respectively. The largest average of random errors were 4.72 mm in the SI directions. The correlation coefficients were 0.485, 0.244, and 0.637 for the ML-Roll, AP-Vector, and SI-Vector, respectively. SI-Vector direction showed the best relationship. In the results of the different degree of vacuum pressure in five groups (Pressure range: 30~70 mbar), the setup errors between the ML, SI in both directions and Roll p=0.00 (p<0.05) were shown significant differences. The average errors of SI direction in the vacuum pressure of 40 mbar and 70 mbar group were 4.78 mm and -0.74 mm, respectively. In this study, the correlation between the vacuum pressure and the setup-errors were statistically analyzed. The fact that setup-errors in SI direction is dependent in vacuum pressure considerly setup-errors and movement of interal organs was identified. Finally, setup-errors, and it, based on the movement of internal organs in Bodyfix system we should apply more than 50 mbar vacuum pressure. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that accuracy of the vacuum pressure and the quantitative analysis of movement of internal organs and the tumor should be studied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was intended to recognize the importance of quality control (QC) in order to reduce exposure and improve image quality by comparing the center-point (CP) of according to hospital grade and the difference between X-ray field (XF) and light field (LF) in diagnostic digital X-ray devices. XF and LF size, CP were measured in 12 digital X-ray devices at 10 hospitals located in 00 metropolitan cities. Phantom was made in different width respectively, using 0.8 mm wire after attaching to the standardized graph paper on transparent plastic plate and marked as cross wire in the center of the phantom. After placing the phantom on the table of the digital X-ray device, the images were obtained by shooting it vertically each field of survey. All images were acquired under the same conditions of exposure at distance of 100cm between the focus-detector. XF and LF size, CP error were measured using the picture archiving communication system. data were expressed as mean with standard error and then analyzed using SPSS ver. 22.0. The difference in field between the XF and LF size was the smallest in clinic, followed by university hospitals, hospitals and general hospitals. Based on the university hospitals with the least CP error, there was a statistically significant difference in CP error between university hospitals and clinics (p=0.024). Group less than 36-month after QC had fewer statistical errors than 36-month group (0.26 vs. 0.88, p=0.036). The difference between the XF and LF size was the lowest in clinic and CP error was the lowest in university hospital. Moreover, hospitals with short period of time after QC have fewer CP error and it means that introduction of timely QC according to the QC items is essential.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2008

In other aquaculture species, large improvements in growth have been achieved through selective breeding. Ezo abalone(Haliotis discus hannai) and disk abalone(H. discus discus) are major aquatic animals cultured in Asia, but selective breeding for the promotion of growth with these abalones has not been actively pursued. Recently significant efforts are being made to promote production of these species through selective breeding in Korea. The aims of this work were to estimate the general genetic parameters, heritabilities, and genetic and phenotypic correlations on growth-related traits at 1-year old in two Korean abalone subspecies, H. discus hannai and H. discus discus, by using multiple trait animal model. The data were collected from the records of 1,504 individuals produced from 22 sires and 26 dams in H. discus hannai and 297 individuals produced from 5 sires and 6 dams in H. discus discus, which evaluated by the Genetics and Breeding Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute(NFRDI). Genetic parameters were estimated for these abalone subspecies raised in Bukjeju branch, NFRDI, from May 20, 2004 to May 16, 2005, respectively. The heritability estimates obtained from restricted maximum likelihood(REML) were higher than expected, ranging from 0.40 to 0.43 for growth traits shell length, shell width and body weight in H. discus hannai and from 0.26 to 0.51 in H. discus discus, respectively. The heritabilities for shell shape and condition factor were lower than others of growth traits such as ranging from 0.09 to 0.19 in H. discus hannai and from 0.10 to 0.23 in H. discus discus, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic were > 0.93 between shell parameters and weight in two abalone species, respectively, indicating that breeding for weight gains could be successfully achieved by selecting for shell length.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.660-664
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• 2004

Background: Dilution of blood cardioplegia is not needed in IAWBC as it is in cold blood cardioplegia because it does not aggregate red blood cells on normal body temperature and does not compromise micro coronary circulation. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of undiluted potassium solution in IAWBC. Material and Method: Thirty patients who underwent CABG with IAWBC were grouped into dilutedplegia (n=14) and microplegia (n=16). Potassium was delivered conventionally with 4 : 1 delivery kit in the dilutedplegia group. The undiluted potassium was directly connected on the blood of oxygenator in the microplegia group. Result: There were no differences in sex, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, number of grafts, aortic cross clamping time, and the value of perioperative myocardial enzyme between the two groups. There were no perioperative myocardial infarction and hospital mortality. The amount of crystalloid cardioplegia was 1346$\pm$597 mL in dilutedplegia (mean$\pm$standard deviation, and 28$\pm$9 mL in microplegia (p<0.0001). The hematocrit during cardiopulmonary bypass was 21$\pm$4% in dilutedplegia and 24$\pm$3% in microplegia (p>0.05). 11 patients in dilultedplegia received blood transfusion, but 4 patients in microplegia received blood transfusion (p<0.05). The amount of urine and hemofiltration during the operation were more in dilutedplegia (1250$\pm$810 mL, 1689$\pm$548 mL) than in microplegia (959$\pm$410 mL, 1461$\pm$784 mL; p<0.05). Conclusion: The undiluted potassium of IAWBC in CABG operation is a safe, effective technique for myocardial protection to prevent fluid overload, and blood transfusion. There is no need to use the delivery kit.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.44
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• pp.76-107
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• 2008

The present study has explored the effects of media use on the evaluation of the presidential candidate's morality. We hypothesized that the perception of the candidates' morality during the 2007 Korean President Election would be influenced by the amount of the different types of media use. Using a set of panel data, a total of 1,199 citizens (584 females (48.7%), 615 males (51.3%), Mage=42.77, SDage=13.34) were assessed four times from August to December in 2007. The results indicated that (a) the level of TV use for political information, the level of newspaper use for political information, and the level of Internet use for political information increased during the five months; (b) the initial level of political involvement contributed differently to the initial levels of media use; (c) the initial level of political involvement negative influenced the initial level of TV use for political information; (d) the growth of political involvement positively influenced the growth of TV use for political information; (e) the intial level of TV use for political information increased both the initial levels of the perception of candidates' morality and the change of the perception of candidates' morality; (f) the change of TV use for political information negatively affected the perception of candidates' morality; and (g) the initial level of Internet use for political information negatively affected the initial level of the perception of candidates' morality, and the change of Internet use for political information negatively affected the perception of candidates' morality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 2020

The Purpose of this study was to examine the survival rate and weight of rhinoceros beetle larvae by irradiating X-rays which are most commonly used in diagnosing and treating for diseases. Subjectts and Methods: In early April 2019, the rhinoceros beetle larvae 41 were classified into two groups as control group (11 larvae) and irradiated group (10 Gy, 20 Gy, 30 Gy, each 10 larvae). The irradiated group was exposed by 6 MV X-ray using linear accelerators (Clinac IS, VERIAN, USA) at the University Hospital in Daejeon (Source-surface distance 96 cm, field size 18 × 10 cm, dose rate 600 MU/min), after environmental adaptation for 3 days (temperature 20.6℃, humidity 64.3%). The survival rate and weight were measured weekly after irradiating X-ray. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS ver. 22.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). The weight was analysed by Independent T-test, by cross-sectional analysis for survival rates between control and X-ray irradiated groups. Also, the correlation between dose and weight was analyzed by Spearman test. In 3-week after irradiating X-ray, weight was significant difference between control group and irradiated group (10 Gy or 20 Gy, p < 0.05; and 30 Gy, p < 0.01) with increasing weight in all experimental groups. In 14-week, weight was increased in the control group, but decreased in irradiated group. weight was significant difference between control group and irradiated group. The survival rate in 3-week was decreased rapidly in all experimental group except 10 Gy, to 4-week in irradiated group. The control group had no change in survival rate 54.5% from 3-week to 14-week. From the 3-week, it showed lower survival rate with increasing radiation dose in irradiated group. In 19-week, survival rate of control group and 10 Gy was 45.4% and 30.0% respectively, all died in 20 Gy and 30 Gy. Weight was significantly negative correlated with radiation dose as longer time after irradiating X-ray. The weight and survival rate of rhino beetle larvae is affected by irradiating X-rays, weight and survival rate decreased more in higher dose.