• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.108-118
• /
• 2009

Statement of problem: Volume stability, microstructure reproducibility and fluidity along with compatibility with dental stone must be in consideration in order to use tissue conditioner as a material for functional impression. There are few studies concerning the influence of time factor in oral condition on surface roughness of the stone and optimal retention period in the oral cavity considering such changes in surface roughness. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of various kinds of tissue conditioner, its powder/liquid ratio and immersion time on surface roughness of the stone. Material and methods: Materials used in this study were the three kinds of tissue conditioners(Coe-Comfort, Visco-Gel, Soft-Liner) and were grouped into three: group R-mixed with standard powder/liquid ratio that was recommended by the manufacturers, group M-mixed with 20% more powder, group L-mixed with 20% less powder. Specimens were made with the size of 20 mm diameter and 2 mm width. Each tissue conditioner specimens were subdivided into 5 groups according to the immersion time(0 hour, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days), completely immersed into artificial saliva and were stored under $37^{\circ}C$. Specimens of which the given immersion time elapsed were taken out and were poured with improved stone, making the stone specimens. Surface roughness of the stone specimens was measured by a profilometer. Results: Within the limitation of this study, the following results were drawn. 1. Major influencing factor on surface roughness of the stone model made from tissue conditioner was the retention period(contribution ratio($\rho$)=62.86%, P<.05) of the tissue conditioner in oral cavity to make functional impression. 2. In case of Coe-Comfort, higher mean surface roughness value of the stone model with statistical significance was observed compared to that of Soft-Liner and Visco-Gel as immersion time changes(P<.05). 3. In case of group L(less), higher mean surface roughness value of the stone model with statistical significance was observed compared to that of R(recommended) and M(more) group as immersion time changes(P<.05). Conclusion: We may conclude that as the retention period of time in oral cavity influences surface roughness of the stone model the most and as the kind of tissue conditioner and its P/L ratio may influence also, clinician should well understand the optimal retention period in oral cavity and choose the right tissue conditioner for the functional impression, thus making the functional impression with tissue conditioner usefully.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.193-203
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between depression and physical health of the elderly and to provide fundamental data for programs which improve the health of this population. The subjects were 168 elderly people(55 years and older) who resided at home in Taegu. They were surveyed by interview using a closed- ended questionnaire. The survey was done from September 16 to October 16 in 2000. The instruments used in this study were general characteristics, Short form Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS), Barthel Index, Muscular skeletal symptoms scale, Northern Illinois University's Health Self Rating Scale. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, multiple regression with SPSS PC 10.0 version for Windows. The findings were as follows: 1. As compared 65-74 years elderly group, 75-84 years group was significantly higher score for depression(F=3.17, p=.026). As compared elderly group who has own spouse, the group who has no own spouse was significantly higher score for depression(t=- 2.44, p=.016). 2. The aged who have more limitation of Activities of Daily Living(ADL)(t=3.93, p=.000), pain of muscular skeletal symptoms(F=5.33, p=.002) and poor perceived health state(F=17.04, p=.000) showed the higher severity of depression than the aged who have not. 3. ADL correlated negatively with depression(r=- .293, p=.000), pain of muscular skeletal symptoms correlated positively(r=.251, p=.001), perceived health status correlated negatively(r=-.522, p=.000). 4. The combination of perceived health status and ADL explained 29.1% of the varience of depression. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made; 1. Developing health programs is needed considering ADL, pain of muscular skeletal symptoms, perceived health status, demographic variables (age, spouse status) which have an significant effects on depression of the elderly. 2. In the following study, the use of the various scale is needed which reflects physical status of the elderly in home.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.197-210
• /
• 2012

In this research, we executed a questionnaire survey targeting men and women in 20' or more who reside in the metropolitan area and have experienced purchasing the vehicles in order to study how Promotion Mix Activity affects Brand assets, and ultimately what kind of relation it has with Purchase intention. In the statistical process of collected data, we analyzed the data by using SPSS 12.0 for Windows statistical package and AMOS 7.0 program. As the result of analysis, first, when we analyzed the relation of the Promotion Mix Activity and Brand Assets of the companies, the more affirmative the assessment on the advertising activities of the companies was, the higher the brand popularity, royalty and image increased, And it appeared that as the assessment on PR activities of the companies got more affirmative, the brand popularity, image and royalty increased. Second, as the result of the analysis of the relation between salespersons' Promotion Activities and Brand assets, it appeared that salespersons' social capacity improved Brand awareness and royalty and their strategic capacity improved Brand awareness, royalty and image. Third, seeing the result of the analysis on the relation between Brand assets and Purchase intention, it was shown that Brand popularity had a meaningful positive(+) effect upon satisfaction and repurchase(oral) intention, and Brand royalty had a meaningful positive(+) effect upon satisfaction and repurchase(oral) intention. In addition, it appeared that Brand image had a meaningful positive(+) effect upon satisfaction and repurchase(oral) intention, and finally it could be known that Brand assets had a close correlation with Purchase intention. Therefore, this research established the color marketing strategy as follows. First, we shall build up the functional role such as aesthetic favor, information communication, protection of ecosystem, publicity reinforcement etc. so as to emphasize the properties of the package design; second, we have to construct the color marketing strategy to convey the images of the commodity besides the psychological and physiological utility which colors grants, the utility used in visual conveyance as communication media; third, we should build the color marketing strategy for the integration of company image; finally we have to compose the colors fitted for the company and product style and introduce design marketing using company colors.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.895-904
• /
• 2012

This study aims to examine the effects of a 12-week compound exercise program (aerobic exercise+weight training) on obese middle school girls' leptin and insulin before and after the exercise. This is achieved by dividing obese middle school girls whose body fat percentage is over 30% into a compound exercise group (n=20) and a control group (n=20) and conducting comparative analysis on them.After the Shapiro-Wilk normality test of the variables, a two-sample t-test was performed to see if the variables have the same mean between the compound exercise and control groups. A paired t-test was also performed to see if the changes in the variables before and after the compound exercise program were statistically significant. For all the statistical analysis, the significance level was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. The results of this study showed the leptin and insulin levels in the combined exercise group had been significantly decreased. The regular 12 weeks of combined exercise is considered to have a positive impact on leptin and insulin levels in obese schoolgirls.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2017

Generally assessing bone mineral density (BMD) were performed on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) the same as dual energy CT (DECT) with a rapid-kVp switching. The purpose of this study is to compare the different of BMD value between DEXA and DECT method, and evaluate usefulness of DECT method. Using scanner for BMD measurements were GE, Healthcare Discovery 750 HD for DECT and Hologic QDR 4500W for DEXA. For compare BMD value in each method, scanned lumbar spine phantom and subjects visiting Korean National Cancer Center from April 2015 to December 2015, records of 50 patients. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. The mean BMD value measures for spine phantom and for subjects in each scanners presented strong correlation (r=0.948 with p<0.05 for phantom; r=0.635 with p<0.05 and Kendall's tau $({\tau})=0.46$ with p<0.05 for subjects) and linear relationship between DECT and conventional DEXA. DECT technique for BMD measurement will provide a very useful methodology without additional radiation dose.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between the needs for hospice care and quality of life in cancer patients. Methods: Data were collected from 127 cancer patients hospitalized at a university hospital in Chonbuk between October, 2006 to March, 2007. Two instruments were used: cancer patients' need for hospice care, developed by Kang and Kim and quality of life developed by Tae et al. Results: The mean scores were 3.11 out of 4 for hospice care needs, and 5.25 out of 10 for quality of life. The correlation between needs for hospice care and quality of life was moderate and negative (r=-0.395, P<0.01). Among the four groups of needs, physical need was the most strongly correlated with quality of lifer (r=-0.388, P<0.01). The need for hospice care was significantly different according to participants' religion (t=6.02, P<0.05), and duration of disease (F=3.45, P< 0.05). Quality of life was significantly different according to participants' monthly income (F=3.38, P<0.05). cancer stage (F=8.10, P<0.01) and chemotherapy (t=6.09, P=0.015). Conclusion: The results suggested that the cancer patients' hospice care needs should be answered in order to improve their quality of life. While doing so, participants' characteristic need should also be considered.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.22-30
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare three different CAD/CAM systems through the fracture strength of zirconia core and to evaluate the clinical availability of each system. Material and methods: The following three groups of 30 maxillary mesial incisor core for all-ceramics(each group 10) were fabricated as follows: group 1. $Adens^{(R)}$ CAD/CAM system, group 2. $Cerasys^{(R)}$ CAD/CAM system, group 3. 3M $Lava^{(R)}$ CAD/CAM system. All specimens were manufactured consistently thickness 0.5mm and relief $40{\mu}m$. Specimens were subjected to compressive loading on the lingual area by Z250/$SN5S^{(R)}$. Each group's mean and standard deviation were calculated and Kruskal Waillis test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test were utilized to find out the relationship among the groups. Results: The results were as follows: 1. The mean fracture strength of $Adens^{(R)}$ system was $615.89{\pm}156.1N$, the $Cerasys^{(R)}$ system was $863.98{\pm}151.5N$, and the 3M $Lava^{(R)}$ system was $1143.1{\pm}286.6N$. 2. The fracture strength of the systems showed the significant statistical differences in order of 3M $Lava^{(R)}$ system, $Cerasys^{(R)}$ system, $Adens^{(R)}$ system. Conclusion: In this study, in spite of the differences among the groups, every group showed clinically useful results. It is necessary to study further clinical experiments on a long term basis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.101 no.3
• /
• pp.395-404
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to develop site index equations and to estimate productive areas for major coniferous species in Korea such as Pinus densiflora Sieb. et. Zucc, Pinus densiflora for. erect, Larix leptolepis and Pinus koraiensis using environmental factors. Using the large data set from both a digital forest site map and a climatic map, a total of 43 environmental factors including 15 climatic variables were regressed on site index by tree species to develop site index equations. Six environmental factors by species were selected as independent variables in the final site index equations. The result showed that the coefficients of determination for site index equations by species were ranged from 0.36 to 0.56, which seem to be relatively low but good enough for the estimation of forest stand productivity. The site index equations developed in this study were also verified by three evaluation statistics such as the estimation bias of model, precision of model, and mean square error of measurement. According to the evaluation statistics, it was found that the site index equations by species fitted well to the test data sets with relatively low bias and variation. As a result, it was concluded that the site index equations by species were well capable of estimating site quality. Based on the site index equations, the productive areas by species for all forest areas were estimated by applying GIS technique to the digital forest site map and climate map. In addition, the distribution of productive areas by species was illustrated by using GIS technique.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 1999.10c
• /
• pp.466-468
• /
• 1999

현재 인터넷 프로토콜인 IPv4의 주소 부족 등의 문제를 해결하기 위해 차세대 인터넷 프로토콜 IPv6에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 새로운 프로토콜 IPv6 상에서 기존의 다른 상위 프로토콜 및 응용이 어떠한 영향을 받게 될지는 의문이다. 한편, IPv6 상에서 새로운 프로토콜 및 응용을 개발할 때에 많은 시험이 요구된다. 이와 같은 이유로 인해 새로운 통신 프로토콜에 있어서 모니터링은 필수적이다. 그러나 지금까지의 많은 모니터링 라이브러리들은 텍스트에 기반하고 있으며, 그래픽 데이터를 제공하는 도구들도 대부분 통계정보의 제공에 초점을 두고 있다. 이를 두고 프로토콜이 그 표준에 따라 정확한 원리에 맞게 동작하는 지를 파악하는 데는 큰 도움이 되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대상 프로토콜의 실제적인 동작 과정이나 원리를 알 수 있도록 그래픽 기반의 사용자 친화적 모니터링 도구를 제작한다. 이를 위해, 먼저 IPv6가 다른 프로토콜에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사항들을 분석한다. 다음으로 본 교에 구축되어 있는 IPv6 호스트에 모니터링에 필요한 환경을 구축하고, Java Applet을 이용한 모니터 프로그램을 제작한다. 현재 개발하는 모니터 프로그램은 TCP의 슬라이딩 윈도우(Sliding Window) 기법에 관련된 사항을 모니터링 해주는 것으로 그 범위를 한정한다. 개발된 도구를 이용하여 IPv6 상에서 FTP가 TCP를 이용하여 파일을 전송하는 경우의 모니터링을 실시하고, 그 결과를 분석 제시한다. 이로써, 개발된사용자 친화적 모니터링 도구가 얼마나 쉽게 슬라이딩 윈도우 기법을 이해시켜 주고, 내포된 의미를 파악할 수 있게 해주는지를 알 수 있다.한 것으로 연구되었다. 정상조 직에 비해 산소가 부족하여 염기성대사(anaerobic metabolism)를 많이 함으로 그 부산물인 유산 (lactic acid)이 많이 생성됨으로 정상조직보다 pH가 낮아 암 조직이 정상조직에 비해 고온온열치료에 더 잘 듣는 원인이 된다. 3) 영양이 부족한 상태의 세포는 고온온열치료에 훨씬 예민하다. 4) 암조직은 혈관상태가 정상조직에 비해 좋지 않음으로 정상조직보다 쉽게 가온이 되며, 일단 가온된 온도는 잘 식지 않음으로 정상조직에 비해 훨씬 효율적이다. 5)고 온온열치료는 4$0^{\circ}C$~43.5 $^{\circ}C$정도에서만 이 작용이 일어남으로 정상인체에서 43$^{\circ}C$이상의 가온 은 쉽지 않음으로 이 효과는 암조직에서 주고 일어나게 된다. 6)고온온열치료는 방사선치료 후에 생기는 손상의 재생을 억제함으로 방사선의 치료효과를 높인다. 7)38.5$^{\circ}C$~41.5$^{\circ}C$의 낮 은 온도에서도 암조직의 산소 상태를 호전시켜 방사선 치료효과를 증대시키는 역할을 한다.alization)가 나타난다. 그러나 무의식에 대칭화만 있는 것은 아니며, 의식의 사고양식인 비대칭도 어느 정도 나타나며, 대칭화의 정도에 따라, 대상들이 잘 구분되어 있는 단계, 의식수준의 감정단계, 집단 내에서의 대칭화 단계, 집단간에서의 대칭화 단계, 구분이 없어지는 단계로 구분하였다.systems. We believe that this taxonomy is a significant contribution because it ad

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.457-462
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The objective of this systematic review was to obtain the comprehensive survival rates of short implants. Then it was examined that whether treatment using short implants has favorable results. Methods: A MEDLINE search was performed, the data obtained from many articles about length, diameter, site of placement, surface treatment and prosthetic design were analyzed. Results and discussion: The data obtained from many articles were analyzed, and it was found that the survival rate of short implants was 95.87%, short implants has similar outcomes to those reported for standard implants. On the other hand, in the comparison the survival rate of 3 groups divided by the diameter of implants under 4 mm, 4-5 mm, and above 5 mm, a statistically significant difference was detected in under 4mm group. In implant group with 6-7 mm length, a group with 5-6 mm diameter has survival rate of 97.01%, groups with 3.1-4.8 mm diameter has survival rate of 92.96%, which was statistically significantly different. In the result of surface feature, the roughed surface groups of short implant showed a higher survival rate by approximately 6.3% than machined surface group. In the result of prosthetic design, survival rate of short implant was considerably lower for the single implant crown group (94.3%) than splinting group (99.4%).