• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.2 s.48
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• pp.145-152
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• 2006

Industry development caused numerical and quantitative increase of noxious chemical substances that contain risk assessment in water resources. For use of efficient water resources a pre-treatment of contaminant source which is flowed in water resources is recognized in essential process. Therefore, the discharged water quality from discharged company began to control contaminant by total amount of pollutant in domestic. However, to estimate closely chemical substances it is not proved up to now, monitoring is very important. This study achieved a monitoring of micro noxious chemical substance by fiber and chemistry industrial wastewater inflow to examine risk assessment of the water system of Nakdong river. Chloroform was measured highest among volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that the results of water quality of influent and effluent are detected from 7 companies of study area. The other side, because measured value of detected chloroform is indefinite detection level in the same company, it is difficulty in management of water quality. However it may not be much effects of the water system of Nakdong river because these company's effluent is high treatment efficiency of chloroform (more than 88%) in sewage treatment plant. On the other hand, in the investigated results for the European Union specified priority substance that is detected to relationship influent and effluent from fiber/chemistry associated industries, these substances were not detected and domestic data was hardly referred. Therefore, data construction of continuous monitoring about this water quality may have to be achieved certainly to utilize as country policy.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2003

The pollution loads flowing into Mokpo harbour from land in dry case were estimated on the bases of the seasonal flow rates and the seasonal water qualities of streams and effluents located around Mokpo harbour. Average daily amount of fresh water Stowing into Mokpo harbour obtained by the inflow rate data of 4 seasons was found to be about 5.5×10/sup 6/㎥/day and annual inflow rate to be about 2×10/sup 9/㎥/year. The seasonal flow rates of effluents iron Yongsan lake were above 90％ of total flow rates of all inflows in 4 seasons. The concentrations of COD, TSS, TIN and TP at 9 inflow stations Iron streams and effluents in 4 seasons were shown to be in the ranges of 2.87~42.69㎎/ℓ, 3.65~1080.32㎎/ℓ, 0.083~89.744㎎/ℓ and 0.028~6.926㎎/ℓ, respectively. The average loads of COD, TSS, TIN and TP into Mokpo harbour estimated by the data of 4 seasons were found to be about 37 ton/day, 64 ton/day, 13 ton/day and 1.2 ton/day, respectively. The loads of COD, TSS, TIN and TP into Mokpo harbour in summer were shown to be about 82 ton/day, 159 ton/day, 14 ton/day and 2 ton/day, respectively. The main source of pollution loads into Mokpo harbour was found to be the effluent of Yongsan lake.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.861-866
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate an aeration tank with RBC process attached Bacillus sp. known as a suitable microorganism for the removing of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. An aeration tank was based on tapered aeration because Bacillus sp. was well grown in this like environment conditions. The biofilm process with Bacillus sp. as an advanced treatment process could be a best technology for the prominent removal of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus if the mechanism in the process is verified. The operation conditions of DO in the tapered aeration tank were maintained as $1.2{\sim}1.5mg/L$ in aeration tank1, as $0.3{\sim}0.5mg/L$ in aeration tank 2 and less than 0.2 mg/L in aeration tank 3, respectively. Lab-scale experiments were conducted, at room temperature, internal recycle rate was from 200% to 50% and returned sludge rate was from 100% to 50%. As a result, concentration of organic carbons, nitrogen and phosphorus in Period 1 (the time of Bacillus sp. adapted to environment) were decreased gradually. Ultimately, each removal rate in this biological experiment were TCODCr 94%, BOD 87%, T-N 85%, T-P 89% in Period 2. Hence, this process showed an excellent performance of the removal of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and this is an effective system fur treating of wastewater.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.205-205
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• 2012

국내에서 새로운 댐 저수지 건설을 통한 수자원의 안정적인 확보는 어려운 여건에 있다. 따라서 수자원의 효율적인 확보, 댐 하류하천의 수질 개선, 신규댐 건설 대체 효과를 기대하기 위해 기존 댐 저수지의 연계운영이 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다수의 댐 저수지 수체를 연계하여 모델을 통해 해석하고자 안동-임하호를 연결한 2차원 모델(CE-QUAL-W2)을 구축하고, 2002년과 2006년 수문사상을 재현하였으며, 수리해석을 실시하였다. 안동호의 좌안인 임동면 마리와 임하호의 우안인 망천리를 연결하고, EL. 140 m 위치에 길이 2 km, 직경 5.5 m로 콘크리트 터널을 연결하는 것으로 가정하였다. 관내 바닥 마찰계수와 미소 마찰손실 값은 0.05를 입력하였다. 저수지 실측수위와 모의수위를 시계열로 비교한 결과, 2002년과 2006년 안동호와 임하호에서 여름철 유입량 증가에 따른 수위 상승을 잘 반영하였고, 결정계수값($R^2$)이 모두 0.9953 이상으로 나타나 모델은 두 저수지 물수지 계산에 있어서 높은 신뢰도를 보였다. 2006년을 대상으로 안동호와 임하호의 댐 앞에서 수심별 수온의 실측값과 모의값을 비교한 결과, 안동호는 4월부터 성층이 진행되어 5월에 수온약층이 EL. 130 m에 형성되었다. 7월 홍수가 중층 밀도류를 형성하여 수온 성층구조를 교란하였고, 기존의 수온약층이 EL. 120 m 로 하강하였으며, 표층 EL. 145 m에 새로운 수온약층이 형성되는 2단 성층 구조를 보였다. 여름철 동안 이러한 현상은 지속되었고, 10월부터 대기기온 강하와 함께 수직혼합이 시작되었다. 수온예측 오차는 AME $0.336{\sim}1.806^{\circ}C$, RMSE $0.415{\sim}2.271^{\circ}C$의 범위로 실측값을 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 임하호도 안동호와 유사한 경향을 보였고, 모델은 두 저수지에서 전 기간에 걸쳐 모두 안정적으로 저수지 수온 성층현상을 모의하였다. 2002년 수문사상에서 안동-임하 연계 운영시 안동호의 평균 수위는 1.38 m 상승하였고, 임하호는 3.75 m 낮아지는 것으로 모의되었다. 수위변동에 따른 유동 유량은 임하호에서 안동호로 3억 6천 4백만 톤, 안동호에서 임하호로 2억 9천 1백만 톤으로 임하호에서 안동호로 유동한 유량이 높게 나타났다. 유역면적에 비해 저수용량이 작은 임하호의 경우 두 저수지간 유량의 이동에 따라서 저수용량의 증가로 인한 홍수 저감 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 반면, 안동-임하 연계 운영시 임하호의 차가운 물이 안동호로 유입되는 경우, 안동호의 수온 성층구조에 영향을 주었다. 안동호의 경우는 단독운영시보다 높은 위치에 수온약층(EL. 140 m)이 형성되었으며, 임하호는 반대로 저수위가 낮아지면서 단독운영시보다 수온약층의 위치가 약간 낮아졌다. 이러한 결과는 두 저수지 연결시 안동호의 탁수와 수질 환경에 변화가 있을 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2006

To evaluate bacteriological water quality of groundwater in Yeungnam Province, samples were taken from 123 locations during summer and 117 locations during winter. The medians of heterotrophic plate counts.(HPCs) were 30 CFU/mL for the summer samples and 40 CFU/ml for the winter, and more than 25% showed HPCs higher than 100 CFU/ml. Coliform bacteria were detected from 46% of the summer samples and 30% of the winter. In these coliform-positive samples, the medians of coliform counts were 20 CFU/ml for the summer samples and 4 CFU/ml for the winter. Genera such as Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsielia, Pantoea, Rahnellia, and Serratia were identified from the coliform isolates; among them, 48% were members of the genus Enterobacter. While E. cloacae, E. amnigenus, and K. pneumoniae were the most frequently isolated species, E. coli was isolated only from 1 location. The coliform counts were positively correlated with the HPCs, which also positively correlated with water temperature. The results of present study provide further insight on the extent of groundwater contamination with coliform bacteria.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.19 no.2 s.20
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• pp.273-280
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• 1986

'Medicinal water' have been used for the treatment of disease and the promotion of health. To study the quality and health effect of 'medicinal water', the eleven springs located near Taegu City during the period of March 27-February 17, 1986 were tested for biological and physiochemical examination and were checked for sanitary environment around the spring. Among them three springs (27.3%) had a good sanitary equipments and only one was negative for biological examination. Three 'medicinal warer' were accepted as potable by physicochemical examination. According to above findings, all of the 'medicinal water' sampled from the springs located near Taegu City were not potable by this sanitary survey adopted Drinking Water Standard in Korea. Kachang and Youngchum 'medicinal water' were more contaminated by heavy metals and bacteria than those of other springs. To solve the problem of contamination by heavy metals that originated from uncertain sources, we should search for the sources of water contamination, remove it completely and also support the environmental equipments and management system in protection of safe 'medicinal water' supply.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2009

A 'continuous removal of organic matters (CROM) system' using a native freshwater bivalve in Korea Anodonta woordiana, was developed to determine its potential of controlling various sestons in eutrophic lake system, and to evaluate its effect on water quality improvement under consideration of sediment addition as habitat. We designed CROM experiments with four treatments: no mussels and no sediment (W, negative control), no mussels and sediment (WS, positive control), mussels and no sediment (WM), and mussels and sediment (WMS). The experiments were performed at the condition of 18${\sim}$25 L $h^{-1}$ of inflow, mussel density of 486.1 indiv. $m^{-2}$, and temperatures between 15 and $22^{\circ}C$ for 13 consecutive days. Physicochemical and biological parameters were measured at daily (10:00 am) intervals after the mussel addition. Results indicated that mussel stockings without addition of sediment effectively removed sestons (suspended solids and chlorophyll-a) at nearly same level over 80 percentage of the control during the study, while there were no differences in removal activities of sestons between with and without sediment (P>0.5). Therefore, it clearly suggests that CROM system using A. woordiana has a strong potential to control the seston in surface water of eutrophic lake.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.27-36
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• 2016

Low Impact Development (LID) techniques are eco-friendly storm water management process for water circulation restoration and non-point pollutant reduction. In this study, four LID techniques (Small constructed wetland, Infiltration trench box, Infiltration trench, Vegetated swale) were selected and installed as a real size at the real site. All facilities were evaluated as monitoring under the real environmental climate situation and an artificial rain with exceeding design rainfall. In various rainfall, runoff reduction efficiency and non-point pollutant removal efficiency are increased to the bigger Surface Area of LID (SA)/Catchment Area (CA) ratio and the bigger Storage Volume of LID (SV)/Catchment Area (CA) ratio. Runoff did not occur at all rainfall event (max. 17.2 mm) in infiltration trench and vegetated swale. But Small constructed wetland was more efficient at less than 10 mm, a efficiency of infiltration trench box was similar at different rainfall. Although different conditions (such as structural material of LID, rainfall flow rate, antecedent dry periods), LID techniques are good effects not only water circulation improvement but also water quality improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.48-63
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• 2015

In this study, we introduce various hyperspectral data processing techniques for the monitoring of shallow and coastal waters to enlarge the application range and to improve the accuracy of the end results in Korea. Unlike land, more accurate atmospheric correction is needed in coastal region showing relatively low reflectance in visible wavelengths. Sun-glint which occurs due to a geometry of sun-sea surface-sensor is another issue for the data processing in the ocean application of hyperspectal imagery. After the preprocessing of the hyperspectral data, a semi-analytical algorithm based on a radiative transfer model and a spectral library can be used for bathymetry mapping in coastal area, type classification and status monitoring of benthos or substrate classification. In general, semi-analytical algorithms using spectral information obtained from hyperspectral imagey shows higher accuracy than an empirical method using multispectral data. The water depth and quality are constraint factors in the ocean application of optical data. Although a radiative transfer model suggests the theoretical limit of about 25m in depth for bathymetry and bottom classification, hyperspectral data have been used practically at depths of up to 10 m in shallow and coastal waters. It means we have to focus on the maximum depth of water and water quality conditions that affect the coastal applicability of hyperspectral data, and to define the spectral library of coastal waters to classify the types of benthos and substrates.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2015

공공수역 수질오염 관리에 있어 비점오염원 관리의 중요성이 크게 부각되고 있다. 새만금호 유역은 농경지비율이 40%로서 넓기 때문에 농업비점오염 관리가 중요하다. 농업비점오염 저감을 위한 기법 연구는 국내에서 그 간 상당 수준으로 진행되었지만, 그 기법을 실행할 주체인 농업인이나 지역주민의 역량이나 농업비점오염의 인지도에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 새만금유역에서 농업비점오염과 관련된 주체들 간의 정보의 소통과 흐름에 대하여 분석해보고, 또한 농업오염 교육 전후에 있어서 지역주민과 농업인의 농업비점오염에 대한 인식도와 교육효과에 대해서 살펴보았다. 먼저, 농업비점오염과 관련된 주체들 간의 지식흐름은 매크로레벨 즉, 정책입안자, 전문가 레벨에서 관련정보가 정체되어 있었고, 실제 농업비점오염 관련 저감 기법이나 정책을 실행하는 주체인 마이크로레벨의 농업인과 지역주민, 이를 지원하는 시군 공무원, 지역전문가 등 매소레벨을 지원하기 위한 정보로 가공 전달되지 못하고 있었다. 농업부서와 환경부서 사이의 농업비점오염에 대한 인식도의 차이가 크게 나타났으며, 특정 분야를 중심으로 활발한 소통이 있는 반면, 정보의 의도적 차단, 자기조직의 대응을 위한 형식적, 임시적 소통이 이루어지고 있었다. 귀농인과 친환경농업인에 대한 교육을 통하여 농업비점오염에 대한 인식도는 교육 전 38.1%에서 교육 후 100%로, 교육 후 농업비점이 오염원이라는 인식도도 친환경농업인 91%, 귀농귀촌인 78%로 응답하였다. 농업비점오염원 관리가 수질개선에 미치는 효과에 대하여는 친환경농업인은 5점 만점에 3.67점, 귀농귀촌인은 4.05점, 농업비점오염원 관리가 필요한지에 대하여 친환경농업인은 4.05점, 귀농귀촌인은 4.09점으로 두 집단 모두 농업비점오염원 관리가 필요하다고 응답하였다. 반면, 친환경 농업은 저감기법의 오염 저감 효과는 높게 인식하였지만, 직접 실행해 볼 의사는 3.4점, 저감 기법을 주위에 소개나 권고할 의사는 3.5점이었다. 또한, 실행 가능한 저감 기법으로는 퇴액비 사용, 완효성 비료사용, 녹비작물재배 등의 순이었다. 저감기법이 어렵다고 응답한 이유는 복잡할거 같다, 귀잖을 것 같다, 추가비용으로 손해, 저감효과 신뢰성 부족, 농업은 오염원이 아니다 등으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 살펴볼 때, 주체들 간의 정보와 지식흐름을 이어줄 중간조직의 필요성과 농업인의 인식의 변화가 행동의 변화로 이어질 수 있는 교육?홍보 기법과 농업인의 수용성이 높은 저감기법의 개발과 보급이 필요함을 시사하였다.