• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2004

To examine the quality changes of tomato and plum fruits during storage under various storage conditions, the rate of weight loss, pH change, titratable acidity, Hunter a value, firmness, and anthocyanin content were determined during storage. Tomato and plum fruits were stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ and 25$^{\circ}C$. Tomato fruits were packaged with high density polyethylene film (HDPE) and polyvinylidene chloride film (PVDC), and plum fruits were packaged with HDPE. Tomato fruits packaged with PVDC and plum fruits packaged with HDPE at 4$^{\circ}C$ were the most desirable in terms of weight loss. Titratable acidity of tomato fruits decreased with increasing storage time regardless of temperature and packaging method. Hunter a value of tomato fruits stored at 25$^{\circ}C$ increased regardless of packaging method, while it was not changed for tomato fruits stored at 4$^{\circ}C$. Firmness of plum fruits stored at 25$^{\circ}C$ significantly decreased during storage and anthocyanin content increased. Microbial numbers of tomato fruits increased during storage, but its rate was retarded during storage when tomato fruits were packaged with HDPE and stored at 4$^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that cold chain system and appropriate packaging could maintain the quality and prolong the shelf life of fresh produce.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 2008

Purpose: To develop the 2~8X zoom beam expander for the 1064 nm laser source. Methods: After developing the program by which the initial design values of 3-component zoom tracks can be quickly obtaind, we design and develop the zoom beam expander by applying this program and the commercial program of Sigma 2000. Results: In this study, we could develop the program by which the initial design values of zoom tracks can be quickly obtaind, and by applying this program and the commercial program of Sigma 2000 we could design and develop the zoom beam expander for 1064 nm which is able to zoom from 2${\times}$ to 8${\times}$. The developed zoom beam expander has an efficient diameter of the incidence side of 8 mm, an efficient diameter of the exit side of 32 mm, and a capacity with the finite ray aberration within 0.0001rad. Because the overall length (OAL) is restricted between 125 mm and 135 mm, the change of the whole barrel length which is caused by variations of the zoom driving becomes to be within 10 mm. Conclusions: we could develop the program by which the initial design values of zoom tracks can be quickly obtaind, and by applying this program we could design and develop the zoom beam expander for 1064 nm which is able to zoom from 2${\times}$ to 8${\times}$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.842-846
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• 2004

To elucidate quality changes of pine nuts and walnuts coated with green tea extract-containing protein film during storage, pine nuts and walnuts were coated with soy protein isolate (SPI) and zein film containing green tea extract, and stored at $35^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. During storage, peroxide, acid, and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values increased with increasing storage time regardless of treatments. Degrees of lipid oxidation were lowest in protein coating containing green tea extract, followed by protein coating and control. After 4 weeks, for pine nuts, 40, 32, and 21% of peroxide, acid, and TBA values respectively decreased by treatment of zein film coating containing green tea extract compared with control. For walnuts, 29, 24, and 21% of peroxide, acid, and TBA values respectively decreased. With SPI film coating, 41, 36, and 8% of peroxide, acid, and TBA values of pine nuts respectively decreased. For walnuts, 26, 28, and 5% of peroxide, acid, and TBA values respectively decreased by treatment of SPI film coating containing green tea extract.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2002

Background: The purpose of this study is to find out to how much influence religion had on the quality of life in patients admitted to the hospice facility at Saemmul's House. Terminal cancer patients were assessed one to two weeks after admittance to Saemmul's House. Metohd: The subjects of this study were numbered at 75 patients and were admitted to the hospice facility at Sammul's house between January 2002 and July 2002. The data regarding quality of life was collected using a questionnaire prepared by the sammul Hospice and were analyzed by means of ANOVA and T-test. Result: As a result of this study, there was no noticeable difference in quality of physical, psychosocial life between the patients with conviction of salvation and the other patients. However, it shows that the former enjoyed a higher spiritual quality of life than the latter. In case of baptized patients and unbaptized patients, there were no differences in terms of physical and psychosocial quality of life, but the baptized patients demonstrated a higher spiritual quality of life. After admittance, patients were grouped by duration of conviction of salvation I.e., those that believed more than 5 years and those that believed less than 5 years. In terms of physical, psychosocial quality of life, there was little difference between the two groups. However, those who believed more than 5 years demonstrated a higher spiritual quality of life. However, there was no difference in quality of life among patients, regardless of their belief in God, after receiving spiritual care at the hospice. Conclusion: We got a few conclusions in accordance with result gained by this study. First, spiritual support is very important to improving quality of patients' lives in hospices. Second, hospice programs are needed keenly and spiritual support for patients from trained experts is needed 24 hours a day. Third, because trained experts(ministry) are urgently needed to lend spiritual support, hospice courses must be taught at all colleges of theology. Fourth, a hospice program must provide a proper atmosphere that can give spiritual support and therefore all hospices must build such as environment. Fifth, a tool for spiritual support of hospice must be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.78-86
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• 2004

Recently GPS and mobile GIS technologies based on LBS(location based service) have played an important role as DSS(decision supporting system) for domestic forest fire extinguishment policies. In this study forest fire extinguishments information management system based on mobile GIS technique was designed to seize the exact location on wireless network so that it helps to guide the safe and efficient extinguishments affairs and provide the extinguishments environment toward ground fighting teams and the central forest government in real time. Moreover, possibly to operate this system, the foundation technologies by the name of '.gci' such as the spatial data compression method, the spatial data transmission method over wireless network and the spatial analysis interface on PDA should be mainly considered. Especially, in this study the spatial data compression method having high compression rate from 51% to 62% for each polygon, line, and point data, without the loss of data was developed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.486-493
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• 2003

Schottky type A $l_{0.33}$G $a_{0.67}$N ultraviolet photodetectors were fabricated on the MOCVD grown AlGaN/ $n^{＋}$-GaN and AlGaN/AlGaN interlayer/ $n^{＋}$-GaN structures. The grown layers have the carrier concentrations of -$10^{18}$, and the mobilities were 236 and 269 $\textrm{cm}^2$/V.s, respectively. After mesa etching by ICP etching system, the Si3N4 layer was deposited for passivation between the contacts and Ti/AL/Ni/Au and Pt were deposited for ohmic and Schottky contact, respectively. The fabricated Pt/A $l_{0.33}$G $a_{0.67}$N Schottky diode revealed a leakage current of 1 nA for samples with interlayer and 0.1$\mu\textrm{A}$ for samples without interlayer at a reverse bias of -5 V. In optical measurement, the Pt/A $l_{0.33}$G $a_{0.67}$N diode with interlayer showed a cut-off wavelength of 300 nm, a prominent responsivity of 0.15 A/W at 280 nm and a UV-visible extinction ratio of 1.5x$10^4./TEX>.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.43-73
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• 2014

Cities in Korea have rapidly urbanized and they are not well prepared for natural disasters which have been increased by climate change. In particular, they often struggle with urban flooding. Recently, green infrastructure has been emphasized as a critical strategy for flood mitigation in developed countries due to its capability to infiltrate water into the ground, provide the ability to absorb and store rainfall, and contribute to mitigating floods. However, in Korea, green infrastructure planning only focuses on esthetic functions or accessibility, and does not think how other functions such as flood mitigation, can be effectively realized. Based on this, we address this critical gap by suggesting the new green infrastructure planning framework for improving urban water cycle and maximizing flood mitigation capacity. This framework includes flood vulnerability assessment for identifying flood risk area and deciding suitable locations for green infrastructure. We propose the use of the combination of frequency ratio model and GIS for flood vulnerability assessment. The framework also includes the selection process of green infrastructure practices under local conditions such as geography, flood experience and finance. Finally, we applied this planning framework to the case study area, namely YeonJe-gu an Nam-gu in Busan. We expect this framework will be incorporated into green infrastructure spatial planning to provide effective decision making process regarding location and design of green infrastructure.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.236-249
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• 2002

We have extended the three-dimensional (3-D) resistivity imaging algorithm to cover the 3-D resistivity tomography problem, where resistivity data are acquired using electrodes installed in several boreholes as well as at the earth surface. The imaging algorithm consists of the 3-D finite element forward modeling and least-squares inversion scheme, where the ACB (Active Constraint Balancing) is adopted to enhance the resolving power of the inversion. Sensitivity analysis with numerical verifications shows that 3-D resistivity tomography is a very appealing method and can be used to get 3-D attitude of subsurface structures with very high-resolution. Moreover, we could accurately handle the topography effect, which could cause artifacts in the resistivity tomography. In the application of 3-D resistivity tomography to the real field data set acquired at the quarry mine, we could derive a very reasonable and accurate image of the subsurface.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.62-66
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• 2010

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during severe acute respiratory failure helps to recover the pulmonary function. This study evaluated our experience with veno-venous ECMO in adult patients with acute respiratory failure. Methods: From January 2007 to July 2009, ECMO was used on 54 patients. Of these 54 patients, 7 were placed on veno-venous ECMO for acute respiratory failure. The indications of ECMO were based on the lung dysfunction measured as a $PaO_2/FiO_2$ ratio <100 mm Hg on $FiO_2$ of 1.0, or an arterial blood gas pH <7.25 due to hypercapnia despite the optimal treatment. $EBS^{(R)}$, $Bio-pump^{(R)}$, and Centrifugal Rotaflow $pump^{(R)}$ were used and all cannulations were performed percutaneously via both femoral veins. When the lung function was improved, an attempt was made to wean on ECMO at moderate ventilator settings followed by decannulation. Results: Five of the 7 patients were male and the mean age was $46.3{\pm}18.3$. The causes of acute respiratory failure were 3 cases of pneumonia, 2 near-drownings, 1 pulmonary hemorrhage due to acute hepatic failure and 1 mercury vapor poisoning. The mean support time of ECMO was $17.3{\pm}13.7$ days. Of the 7 patients implanted with ECMO, 5 patients (71%) were weaned off ECMO and 3 patients (43%) survived to hospital discharge after a mean 89.6 hospital days. Conclusion: The early use of ECMO for acute respiratory failure in adults due to any cause is a good therapeutic option for those unresponsive to the optimal conventional treatments.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to draw the bacterial community difference between Korean and Chinese kimchi for future use in the confirmation of kimchi origin. Initial fermentation stage kimchi samples (above pH 5) were used for the analysis of bacterial diversity. From 26 Korean kimchi samples, 1,017 strains in the 45 genera and from 22 Chinese kimchi samples, 842 strains in the 54 genera were isolated with use of marine medium, nutrient medium, succinate minimal medium (SMM), leuconostocs selective medium (LUSM) agars. In the order of isolated numbers, Bacillus, Weissella, Leuconostoc, Pseudomonas, and Lactobacillus genera and Bacillus, Weissella, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Enterobacter genera were predominated in Korean and Chines kimchi, respectively. Among the isolated lactic acid bacteria, Weissella spp. were isolated most dominantly owing to the biased growth of Weissella spp. on LUSM agar. Species in the genera Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus were the next frequently isolated LAB from Korean and Chinese kimchi, respectively. Weissella confusa was isolated only from Korean kimchi and W. soli and Serratia proteamculans were isolated only from Chinese kimchi. They have a possibility to be used as target bacteria to differentiate Korean kimchi from Chinese kimchi.