• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.3 s.74
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• pp.349-360
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• 1999

The concept of denture frame, both the vertical and horizontal relationship of the dentitions are ultimately related to a skeletal configuration, leads to postulate that the vertical overbite will be determined by the jaw rotations and anteroposterior jaw relationship. Also, ODI is analyzed to be composed of the determinant factors of overbite such as FMA PPA and FABA. From the geometric analyses of an interrelationship between the ODT and the overbite determinants, the following formula can be induced. ODI norm=$85^{\circ} - 0.5 PMA-(1.08 - 0.01 FMA)(FABA - 81^{\circ})$. This formula indicates that the norm of ODI is not constant value but variable one according to the individual skeletal frames. Through the application of the formula to the various clinical cases, it is proved that the new concept, relativity of the ODI norm, is very diagnostically useful.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.277-288
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• 2007

This study analyzed the visual images covering 'weather' and 'weather forecast' in elementary science textbooks from the Syllabus Period to the 7th national curriculum from the socio-semiotic perspective. The results showed that most of the visual images were 'realistic' which were descriptive of real world phenomena. This means that most of the visual images in elementary science text were familiar to students in every curriculum period. The power relationship in communication between images and students was very complex. The visual images in elementary science textbooks include few geometrical and alphanumeric code in every curriculum period. This study provides a new framework to interpret amount of information, functions of information, structures, and social meanings of visual images. It could be also a beginning stage to introduce the socio-semiotic perspective into choosing visual images for next science textbooks.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.245-252
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• 2005

In this paper, I am going to analyze a commercial film narrative focused on a temporal order through the theory of narrative discourse by Gerard Genette. Advertisements has a special quality or feature to be convertible into mythological hyper reality to advertise an product effectively. In this process, narrative in a commercial film has visual variations using a temporal order to show an glamorously advertisements in television. The reason that narrative in a commercial film is subject to variation with a temporal order, duration, frequency is to get some aesthetic effect for making sure people see them. Under the influence of postmodernism, image making like a pop-art became the first consideration in a commercial film with the consequence that representation as a signifier came to be more important than object as a signified. As a commercial film have more sensational image as a result of visual variation, images in a commercial film became vague so that it does not explain or express an advertising concept dearly. However, those aspects have assets that it gives the TV audience a room for interpretation in advertisements by themselves.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.116-124
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• 2018

This study aimed to interpreting the view of current media by artificial intelligence(AI) with the case of a TV show Person of Interest, which was broadcasted until 2016 in US. In this study, we first attempted to find how AI reflects the three laws of robotics, which often appear in Science Fictions. In addition, we paid attention to how the society looks according to the change of the manipulator of the AI, and as a result we derived the distinguishes of the show from other content dealing with robots or AI in terms of narrative. Through this study, we classified the messages in accordance of AI into three categories- importance of data sovereignty, potential of intelligence explosion, and blind faith in high technology. This study suggested that the show emphasizes the consciousness and attitude that should be possessed as a citizen who meets the era of AI prior to raising issue of 'what artificial intelligence is should be developed for our convenience?'

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2014

This study has researched the uses and plant materials of bamboo screen from the gardening books in Ming Dynasty: Yuanye (園冶), Zhang wu ji (長物志) and Xian Qing Ou Ji (閑情偶寄). The results were as follows; first, though these books nearly were written nearly at the same period, the bamboo screen was seen in a negative viewpoint or positively endorsed by authors. These show the extinctive process which had used bamboo screen creating for urban seclusion in early Ming Dynasty and that the meaning was changed by the social economic changes in Late Ming Dynasty. Second, the bamboo screen was devised as a support which was trained the branches of the creepers. This was an equipment to maximize ornamental effectiveness with some rose families which produced nearly all year round, and it was involved cultural enjoyment of Chinese indigenous custom. Finally, the bamboo screen was used rose families for the beautiful flowers. And this was constructed as a multipurpose facility which was used as the flower screen in blossoming season as well as the role as wall.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.177-202
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• 2020

We propose the statistical modeling and empirical results that can be utilized to identify and interpret the structural factors of international arms exports in recent years. The building blocks of research comprise the following questions; which would be the explanatory variables for the changing trend of international arms exports, whether the statistical significance can be verified on those variables and how those are interpreted for the future policy making purpose. We use the dataset of top 40 countries from SIPRI's Arms Transfers Database and analyze several regression models which consist of explanatory variables derived from research hypotheses. The most noticeable result is that the national fiscal reserve is shown to have consistent influence on the arms exports changes. UN security council members' group also has dominant power to make a formation of arms exports market block. Furthermore, gross domestic product and net exports volume in the national economy would seem to be related to changes of international arms exports in post-2000 period as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.33
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• pp.143-156
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• 1997

와관과 실체의 갈등은 문학작품의 주제 중에서 가장 보편적이면서도 복잡한 양상을 지니고 있다 희곡 Macbeth에 있어서 이주제는 Shakespeare의 어느 작품에서보다도 핵심적인 역할을 하며 특히 외관과 실체의 주제를 시각적으로 보여주는 복식이미저리는 그의 주제를 상징적으로 나타내는 데 효과적일 뿐만 아니라 극적 분위기 창조 및 무대사에서배우들의 의상변화로 인한 시각적이미저리 효과를 극대화 시키고 있다 본 연구의 목적은 Macbeth에 내재된 복식 이미저리를 고찰하고 이를 가장 최근에 공연된 macbeth의 무대의상에 적용 분석함으로써 무대의상 제작시 복식 이미저리의 효과적인 무대적용 여부를 파악하는 것이다.연구의 방법은 먼저 이론적인 배경으로 희곡 Macbeth의 본문을 분석하여 복식이미지저리와 관계된느 대사 및 지문 등을 추출한 다음이를 하나의 케이스 연구대상으로 선정된 1996 RSC극단 공연의 Macbeth 무대의상에 적용하여 분석 고찰 하였다 본 연구에서 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다 첫째 자신의 실체를 파악하지 못한 인물이나 혼동하는 인물은 자신의 신분에 맞지 않은 남의 의상을 적응기간조차 없이 착용함으로써 결국은 자신을 파멸로 몰고가는 복식 이미저리가 제시되어 있었다 둘째 자신의 실체를 분명히 지각하고 있는 인물들은 새로운 복식이나 신분에의 적응은 많은 시간과 노력을 요한다는 것을 매우 잘 파악하고 있었으며 이것은 그들의 대사 중에 구체적으로 제시되어있었다 1막1장의 Banquo 의 대사 중에 나오는'새로운복식'과 '새로운 신분'에 비유 2막 4장의 macduff의 대사중에 나오는 '새로브'와 '헌로브'의 비유 5막 2장의 Caithness의 '자제력의혁대'등의 비유는 복식이미저리의 구체적인 표현으로 분석되었다. 셋째 복식 이미저리의 측면에 1996 RSC의 Macbeth 무대의상을 분한 결과 이의상들에는 '난쟁이가 훔쳐 입은 거인의 옷' 으로 대표되는 복식 이미저리가 직접적으로 제시되지는 않았지만 공연전체를 통하여 무대장치 및 의상에 변화를 주지 않음으로써 이 작품의 초시한성과 복식이미저리를 오히려 역설적으로 표현하고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 따라서 이공연의 의상 계획은 복식 이미저리의 역설적인 한 표현으로 분석되었으며 관객에게 등장인물의 외곤은 그 실체를 그대로 반영한다는 Shakespeare 본래의 의도를 잘 보여주는 의상계획으로 파악되었다 이러한 결과는 Shakespeare극의 무대의상 디자인 및 제작시 무대의상이 단순한 무대의상 그 이상의 의미로 고려되어져야 함을 보여주며 이는 관객에세 의미 깊은 메시지로 전달될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.697-711
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• 2013

Hwaseong serial murders are not now having any significant concern either with Hwaseong City or Dongtan New Town, a region in Hwaseong City, both spatial and temporal manners. However, despite that, people have come to see Hwaseong City with negative ideas as the mass media drove the people to do so. In this study, how films and newspaper articles have created those negative images of Hwaseong City was investigated and afterwards, residents and students living in Dongtan New Town had interviews on what they think about the negative regional images. The study, then, worked on a mental map and others based on what it learned from the interviews. Regional identity confusion is now being discovered out of the people's resistance against the negative images of the city and through such research process described before, the study discussed this regional identity confusion caused by living as residents in Hwaseong and living as residents in Dongtan New Town. In addition, the study revealed sense of place of Dongtan New Town and aspects of the regional identity confusion with this Dongtan New Town growing both with symbolic meanings as a place of murders, an awful crime, and spatial meanings as another place of dynamic developments and improvements.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.290-290
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• 2022

본 연구는 대규모 기후 앙상블 모의 결과를 이용하여 산정된 극한 강우량을 최근 발생한 극한 호우사상의 규모 평가에 적용하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 2018 년 히로시마 호우사상은 지속시간 24 시간에서 재현기간 1,000 년에 상응하는 극한 규모를 나타냈기 때문에 짧은 기간동안 수집된 관측자료만으로 규모를 평가하기 어렵다. 따라서 이를 평가하고자 대규모 기후 앙상블 모의결과 기반의 d4PDF 자료를 이용하였다. 이 자료는 3,000 개의 연 최대 강우자료를 제공하고, 이를 토대로 통계적 모형 및 가정 없이 비모수적으로 10 년부터 1,000 년의 재현기간을 나타내는 지속시간 24 시간의 확률강우량을 산정했다. 산정된 d4PDF 의 확률강우량은 관측강우량의 확률강우량과 비교하였으며, 관측기간에 가까운 50 년의 재현기간에서는 두 확률강우량의 차이가 3.53%였지만 관측기간 (33 년)과 재현기간 (100 년 이상)의 차이가 증가할수록 오차가 10% 이상으로 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 이는 장기간 재현기간에서 관측강우량의 확률강우량은 불확실성을 내포하는 것을 의미한다. d4PDF 의 확률강우량에 대해서 2018 년 히로시마 호우사상은 300 년에 가까운 재현기간을 나타냈다. 미래 기후조건에서의 d4PDF 자료를 이용해 확률강우량을산정했으며, 현재 기후조건대비 미래 기후조건에서 10 년부터 1000 년의 재현기간을 나타내는 확률강우량은 모두 20% 이상으로 증가했다. 미래 기후조건의 확률강우량에 대해 2018 년 히로시마 호우사상은 100 년에 가까운 재현기간을 나타냈으며, 이는 미래 기후조건에서 히로시마 호우사상의 발생 확률이 0.33% (현재 기후)에서 1% (미래 기후)로 증가하는 것을 의미한다. 결과적으로, 대규모 기후 앙상블 모의결과 기반의 d4PDF 는 현재 기후조건과 미래 기후조건하에서 극한 규모의 호우사상의 정량적인 평가에 유용하게 활용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.9 s.254
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• pp.616-621
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• 2005

Background: In the resection of lung cancer, pneumonectomy occupied $20 {\~}35\%$ of all resections, and significantly high operative mortality is reported in right pneumonectomy ($10{\~}25\%$). The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of morbidity, operative mortality and factors affecting operative mortality after pneumonectomy. Material and Method: This study recruited the database which performed pneumonectomy for lung cancer in Korea Cancer Center Hospital from Aug 1987 to Apr 2002. Result: Total of 386 pneumonectomies were peformed in that period. Sidedness were left in 238, right in 148; and the procedures were standard resection in 207, and extended resection in 179. Morbidity occurred in 115 cases ($29.8\%$, 115/386). Mortality occurred in 12 cases ($3.1\%$, 12 in 386). This mortality rate was similar to that of lobectomy ($2.1\%$, 13 in 613) during the same period. Morbidity consisted of 42 hoarseness, 17 (9) pneumonia and ARDS, 8 empyema, 5 (1) broncho-pleural fistula, 5 reoperation for bleeding, 5 (1) arrhythmia, 1 (1) pulmonary edema, and 25 others (The number in the parenthesis is the number of mortality case for that morbidity). Several factors affecting the operative mortality were evaluated. At first, extended procedure ($3.3\%$, 6 in 179) affected the operative mortality similar to the standard procedure ($2.9\%$, 6 in 207)(p=0.812). Second, the rate of operative mortality in an elderly group over 60 years ($5.5\%$, 10 in 182) was significantly higher than the younger group under 60 years ($1\%$, 2 in 204)(p=0.016). Third, sidedness of resection affects to operative mortality. Right pneumonectomy ($6.8\%$, 10 in 148) showed higher operative mortality than that of left pneumonectomy ($0.8\%$, 2 in 238)(p=0.002). The group over 60 years showed higher incidence of respiratory morbidity ($11.0\%$, 20 in 182) than that of the group under 60 years ($3.4\%$, 7 in 204)(p=0.005). Right pneumonectomy also showed significantly higher incidence ($11.5\%$, 17 in 148) than that of left pneumonectomy ($4.2\%$, 10 in 238)(p=0.008). Conclusion: Age and sidedness of pneumonectomy were the risk factors of operative mortality and respiratory complications, Therefore, careful selection of patients and more attention perioperatively were demanded in right pneumonectomy. However, because the operative mortality is acceptable, pneumonectomy could be done safely if the pneumonectomy is necessary for curative resection of lung cancer.