• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.1213-1216
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 의료계의 PACS의 도입으로 디지털 의료영상 보안을 위한 방법으로, 디지털 워터마킹 기법(Digital Watermarking Technique)중 불법적인 위/변조 검증을 위한 워터마킹 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 워터마킹 방법은 의료영상의 인증과 무결성을 확인 할 수 있는 워터마킹 기법으로, 워터마크 삽입 추출시 블록 이산여현변환(discrete cosine transform)을 사용하여, 저주파 성분을 해쉬함수의 입력으로 하여 해쉬된 값을 시각적으로 인지할 수 있는, 이진영상과 함께 고주파 성분에 워터마크로서 선택적으로 삽입하여, 인증을 통한 국부화(localization)로 영상의 위/변조를 검증하고, 저작권도 확인할 수 있는 의료영상에 적합한 세미 프라질 워터마킹(semi-fragile watermarking)이다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.7
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• pp.487-494
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• 2013

Medical image watermarking has received extensive attention as wide security services in the healthcare information system. This paper proposes a blind medical image watermarking approach on the segmented gray-matter (GM) images by utilizing discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) along with enhanced suppressed fuzzy C-means (EnSFCM) for the optimal selection of sub-blocks position to insert a watermark. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms other methods in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and M-SVD. In addition, the proposed approach shows better robustness than other methods in normalized correlation (NC) values against several attacks, such as noise addition, filtering, JPEG compression, blurring, histogram equalization, and cropping.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.876-879
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• 2014

디지털 워터마킹을 위하여 강인성, 연성 등 특징을 갖는 다양한 기술들의 개발이 완료된 상태이다. 그러나 원본 콘텐츠의 품질을 중요시하는 분야에서 가역 워터마킹 기술에 대한 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 현재 다양한 분야에서 가역 워터마킹의 기술에 대한 다양한 연구 개발이 진행 중이며, 본 논문에서는 아직 많은 연구들이 이루어지지 않은 의료영상에 대한 가역 워터마킹에 대해 연구한다. 본 연구팀이 보유하고 있는 추정 오차 확장 및 오류 예측 보정을 통한 다양한 고용량 가역 워터마킹 기술들을 의료영상에 변형하여 적용함으로서 삽입용량과 영상품질을 측정하였다. 이에 따르면 차이값 추정 오차가 적은 보간 기술을 사용한 방법이 삽입용량 대비 PSNR이 좋은 성능을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.379-385
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• 2004

Medical images are being managed more by PACS in general medical institutions. It is important to protect patients from being invaded their privacy related to the images. It is also necessary to confirm the ownership, the right of property of the medical images and notice whether the data are modified. In this paper, we propose a robust watermarking against RST attacks in medical images on the PACS. The proposed scheme modifies and improves Log-Polar Mapping and Fourier Mellin Transform in order to realize and recover serious image degradation and watermark data loss caused by the conversion between cartesian coordinate and log-polar coordinate. We used the radius and theta Look Up Table to solve the realization of the Fourier Mellin Transform, and inserted a watermark into 2D-DFT magnitudes using Spread Spectrum. Experimental results shows that this method are robust to rotation attack.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.348-351
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• 2002

Recently, the medical imaging field has been digitalized by the development of computer science and digitization of the medical devices. There are needs of the medical imaging database service and long term storage today because of the installation of PACS system following DICOM standards, telemedicine and etc. and ,also, the illegal distortion of the medical information, data authentication and copyright are being happened. In this paper, we propose watermarking technique as a method which can protect private informations and medical imaging from geometric distortion. Because many watermarks for images are sensitive to geometric distortion, we present a algorithm that is insensitive to RST distortion in medical image. we observed the robustness against several of the signal processing and attacks in medical imaging field by embedding watermark after making a region which is insensitive to RST distortion by using FFT and LPM transformation.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.231-240
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• 2015

Medical imagery require to protect the privacy with preserving the quality of the original contents. Therefore, reversible watermarking is a solution for this purpose. Previous researches have focused on general imagery and achieved high capacity and high quality. However, they raise a distortion over entire image and hence are not applicable to medical imagery which require to preserve the quality of the objects. In this paper, we propose a novel reversible watermarking for medical imagery, which preserve the quality of the objects and achieves high capacity. First, object and background region is segmented and then predicted error histogram-based reversible watermarking is applied for each region. For the efficient watermark embedding with small distortion in the object region, the embedding level at object region is set as low while the embedding level at background region is set as high. In experiments, the proposed algorithm is compared with the previous predicted error histogram-based algorithm in aspects of embedding capacity and perceptual quality. Results support that the proposed algorithm performs well over the previous algorithm.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.1462-1471
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• 2005

Recently, the medical image has been digitized by the development of computer science and digitization of the medical devices. There are needs for database service of the medical image and long term storage because of the construction of PACS(picture archiving and communication system) following DICOM(digital imaging communications in medicine) standards, telemedicine, and et al. However, it also caused some kinds of problems, such as illegal reproduction of medical image, proprietary rights and data authentication. In this paper, we propose the new digital watermarking technique for medical image based on public key encryption algorithm for integrity verification. It prevents illegal forgery that can be caused after transmitting medical image data remotely. The watermark is the value of bit-plane in wavelet transform of the original image for certification method of integrity verification. We proposed the embedding regions are randomly chosen considering ROI, and a digital signature is made using hash function of MD5 which input is a secret key. The experimental results show that the watermark embedded by the proposed algorithm can survive successfully in image processing operations and that the watermark's invisibility is good.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.413-416
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• 2005

Developement of computer and digitalizing of medical implement are being caused digitalizing of medical image. Medical Images are being managed more by PACS. In this situation comes out many problem about ownership, the right of properity of the medical images and notice wheather the data are modified. Digital watermarking can solve this problem. The proposed schemes have a two weak point that Non-blind method need a original image and Blind method use gaussian watermarking. In this paper, we propose a blind watermarking using binary image in order to easily recognize result of watermark This proposed scheme using wavelet transform and Circular Input method that input in medium-band of frequency domain.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.2586-2594
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• 2009

A digital watermarking technique used as a protection and certifying mechanism of copyrighted creations including music, still images, and videos in terms of finding any loss in data, reproduction and pursuit. This study suggests using a selected geometric invariant point through the whole processing procedure of an image and inserting and extracting based on the invariant point so that it will be robust in a geometric transformation attack. The introduced algorithm here is based on a watershed splitting method in order to make medical images strong against RST(Rotation Scale, Translation) transformation and other processing. It also helps to maintain the watermark in images that are compressed and stored for a period of time. This algorithm also proved that is has robustness against not only JPEG compression attack, but also RST attack and filtering attack.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.241-246
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• 2004

Medical images are being managed more by PACS in general medical institutions. It is important to protect patients from being invaded their privacy related to the images. It is also necessary to confirm the ownership, the right of properity of the medical images and notice whether the data are modified. In this paper, we propose a robust watermarking against RST attacks in medical images on the PACS. The proposed scheme modifies and improves Log-Polar Mapping and Fourier Mellin Transform in order to realize and recover serious image degradation and watermark data loss caused by the conversion between cartesian coordinate and log-polar coordinate. We used the radius and theta Look Up Table to solve the realization of the Fourier Mellin Transform, and inserted a watermark into 2D-DFT magnitudes using Spread Spectrum. Experimental results shows that this method are robust to several attack.