• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 1993

Worm recovery rates and pathologic changes in small intestine of albino rats were observed after concurrent and challenge infections with metacercariae (MCI of Fibricota seouLensis and MetaBonimus vokogaupci, and compared with those of single Infection groups. Albino rats In concurrent Infection group were killed 20 days after feeding with 1,000 MC of each fluke. Rats in challenge. infection group were fed with 1.000 MC of f seouleni,s and challenged by 1,000 MC of M. yokogawai 10 days after primary infection, then killed 10 days thereafter. In concurrent infection group, mean number of F. seoulensis and M. yokogawai recovered, 250 and 118 respectively, were similar to those of single infection groups. However, more flukes were collected from the duodenum and less flukes were from the ileum than from single infection group. In challenge Infection group, the recovery rate of F. seoulensis was similar to that of sin91e infection group and the distribution of thIn flukes was similar to that of concurrent infection group. Mean number of M. yokogculat, 69, was signiflcantly lower than that of single infection group. Its distribution, however, extended to the duodenum and most of the flukes were recovered from the jejunum. In concurrent infection group, villi of the duodenum were more markely thickened, fused and shortened than those in F. seoulensis sing1e Infection group. The crypt epithelium appeared to be hyperplastic and inflammatory cell infiltration into the villous stroma was mild. Villous atrophy in the jrlunum and ileum was ndlder than in M. yokogawai single infection group. In challenge Infection group, the fhldlngs were simuar to those of concurrent Infection group. Crypt epithelium hyperplasla was not severe in duodenum. Inflammatory reaction was observed in submucosa of the Jrjunum and ileum. From the above results, it Is considered that F. seoulenis ikabiting in upper part of small intestine affect the settlement of M. yokoguwai introduced later In lower part of the intestine.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.129-142
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• 1986

Fifty-five local collections of buck wheat, Fagopyrum esculentum, were investigated their ratios of long-styled (LS) and short-styled (SS) flowers, fertility, meiosis of megaspore and microspore mother cell, female and male gametogenesis, and egg apparatus in accordance with the sowing seasons (spring, summer), altitudes (20m, 50-100m, 300m), and parent style types (L, S). Also they were embryologically investigated the fertility, fertilizing phenomenon and proembryogenesis by the legitimate and illegitimate pollination. There were no differences in the ratios of long-styled and short-5tyled flowers along with altitudes, but more irregularness was observed in plain area than that in the mountaineous or coastal area. LS versus SS ratios by sowing seasons were significantly separated into 1 : 1 in the summer sowing (P 0.1), but they were irregularly separated in the spring sowing. The segregating ratios by parent style types showed more number of short-styled flower in the spring sowing, and were statistically seperated into 1 : 1 in the summer sowing (P 0.25), regardless to parent style types. In the artificial legitimate union, the seed setting rates of the summer sowing (59-61%) were much higher than those of the spring sowing (about 30%), but in the artificial illegitimate union the seed setting rates were only fructified about 0.8-1.8% in the spring sowing. The seed setting rates in accordance with flowering stages were larger in turn early, middle, late, in the summer sowing. The grain number and grain weight per plant of short-styled flower were more than those of long-styled one regardless to style types. The 1,000 grain weight of long-styled flower was heavier than that of short-styled one in large grain, but it was lighter than that of short-styled flower in small or medium grain. The percentage of normal female and male gametogenesis in the summer sowing were higher than those in the spring sowing. The ovule was atropous and two polar nuclei were a synkarion before flowering. The pollens germinated at 30 minuts after pollination and the pollen tube grew continually and penetrated into micropyle at 1.5-2 hours and the two male nuclei fertilized with egg nucleus at 3 -5 hours after pollination. Flertilizing times in summer were shorter than in autumn. The fertilized egg was divided in a small apical cell toward the interior of the embryo sac and a large basal cell toward the micropyle cell at 15-24 hours after pollination, and division times in summer were shorter than in autumn. The proembryo began the embryogenesis at 7-8 days and formed itself into the perfect embryo at 15 days after pollination.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.271-282
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate physiological activity of Robinia pseudo-acacia leaf and its skin penetration using polymer micelles and skin penetrating peptide. After extraction with Robinia pseudo-acacia using the ethanol and distilled water, various physiological activities were examined. The total concentration of polyphenol compounds was determined to be 47.42 mg/g (ethanol extract), 56.88 mg/g (hydrothermal extract) and DPPH radical scavenging ability at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ was 44.24% in ethanol extract and it is higher than value(41.50%) in hydrothermal extract. The elastase inhibitory assay showed concentration dependence and elastase inhibition of Robinia pseudo acacia leaf ethanol extract was 54.09%, which was the highest at $500{\mu}g/mL$. In the SOD-like experiments, the concentration-dependent results were showed and the SOD-like activity of the Robinia pseudo-acacia leaf ethanol extract was higher than that of the Robinia pseudo acacia leaf hydrothermal extract at all concentrations. At a concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$, Robinia pseudo acacia leaf ethanol extract showed the highest SOD-like activity of 76.41%. The tyrosinase inhibition at $20{\mu}g/mL$ was determined to be 56.47% (ethanol extract), 23.05% (hydrothermal extract). In the antimicrobial experiments, the hydrothermal extract had no effect, but ethanol extract represented maximum clear zone of 11.00 mm in Propionbacterium acnes strain and maximum clear zone of 10.50 mm. in Bacillus subtilis strain. To solve the problem of insolubility and to improve skin penetration, PCL-PEG polymer micelles containing Robinia pseudo-acacia leaf ethanol extracts and 1.0% cell permeable peptide, hexa-D-arginine (R6) were successfully prepared with particle size of 108.23 and 126.47 nm and excellent skin permeation effects could be showed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2022

At the center of the Noryang waterway, the Gwangyang bay area (including the Yeosu Strait) is located at the west, and the Jinju bay area (including Gangjin bay and Sacheon bay) is located at the east. Freshwater from several rivers is flowing into the study area. In particula,r the event of flood, great quantities freshwater flow from Seomjingang (Seomjin river) into the Gwangyang bay area and from Gahwacheon (discharge from Namgang Dam) into the Jinju bay. The Gwangyang and Jinju bay are connected to the Noryang waterway. In addition, freshwater from Seomjingang and Gahwacheon also affect through the Noryang waterway. In this study, we elucidated the characteristics of the tidal exchange rate and residence time for dry season and flood season on 50 frequency, considering freshwater from 51 rivers, including Seomjingang and Gahwacheon, using a particle tracking method. We conducted additional experiments to determine the effect of freshwater from Seomjingang and Gahwacheon during flooding. In both the dry season and flood season, the result showed that the particles released from the Gwangyang bay moved to the Jinju bay through the Noryang waterway. However, comparatively small amount of particles moved from the Jinju bay to the Gwangyang bay. Each experimental case, the sea exchange rate was 44.40~67.21% in the Gwangyang bay and 50.37~73.10% in the Jinju bay, and the average residence time was 7.07~15.36days in the Gwangyang bay and 6.45~12.75days in the Jinju bay. Consequently the sea exchange rate increased and the residence time decreased during flooding. A calculation of cross-section water flux over 30 days for 7 internal and 5 external areas, indicated that the main essential flow direction of the water flux was the river outflow water from Seomjingang flow through the Yeosu strait to the outer sea and from Gahwacheon flow through Sacheon bay, Jinju bay and the Daebang waterway to the outer sea.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2021

This study attempted to find a way to maintain the quality of mixing baby wild leaf vegetables with existing baby leaf vegetables in various ratios. The crops for mixing baby leaf vegetables were Peucedanum japoincum Thunberg and Ligularia stenocephala, as wild vegetables, and red romaine, which is widely used in young leafy vegetables. The mixing ratio of red romaine and wild vegetables was red romaine 0: mantilla oil 5: L. stenocephala ratio 5 (R0: P5: L5), red romaine 3.3: P. japoincum 3.3: L. stenocephala ratio 3.3 (R3.3: P3.3: L3.3), red romaine 5: P. japoincum 2.5: L. stenocephala 2.5 (R5: P2.5: L2.5), red romaine 8: P. japoincum 1: L. stenocephala 1 (R8: P1: L1), red romaine 10: P. japoincum 0: L. stenocephala 0 (R10: P0: L0). All treatments were packaged in OTR (oxygen transmittance) 10,000 cc m-2·day-1·atm-1 film and stored for 27 days at 2℃/85% RH conditions. Fresh weight, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ethylene concentrations of the baby leaf packages were examined approximately every 3 days, and visual quality, chlorophyll content, and chromaticity were examined on the 27th day of storage. The oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in the packages were affected by the respiration rate of the crop. As the mixing ratio of lettuce, which had a low respiration rate, increased, the oxygen concentration in the packages was higher and the carbon dioxide concentration was lower. Oxygen concentration decreased significantly after 15 days, but was remained above 16%, and on the contrary, carbon dioxide concentration was kept at 1-4% until the 15th, and then gradually increased to 2-5% on the 27th day. The concentration of ethylene was maintained at 3-6 µL·L-1 until the end of storage (27th day). Visual quality score measured at the end of storage was slightly less than 3.0, which is the limit of marketability of all treatments. Although there was no significant difference, the chlorophyll content (SPAD) of red romaine and P. japoincum were most similar with an initial value in R8:P1:1 treatment, and L. stenocephala was higher value in R8:P1:L1 and R5:P2.5:L2.5 treatments at the end of storage. The leaf color (L∗, a∗, b∗, chroma) of the three crops at end of storage compared with the heat map showed the least change in the R5:P2.5:L2.5 and R8:P1:L1 treatments at the end of storage. Among them, R8:P1:L1 treatment maintained the highest chlorophyll content, the second lowest ethylene concentration, and adequate carbon dioxide concentration of 2-3%. Therefore, it is judged that the mixed ratio of red romaine 8: P. japoincum 1: L. stenocephala 1 (R8: P1: L1) is most suitable for the mixed package of baby leaf vegetables of these three crops.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 1985

The effects of temperature. pH, carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani were studied by using five hyphal anastomosis groups(four cultural types, 7 isolates) of the fungus. The ranges of optimum temperature were $20^{\circ}C$ in the AG 2-1, AG 2-2 and AG 4, and $25^{\circ}C$ in the AG 1-IA, AG 1-IB, AG 3, AG 5. The optimum pH for the mycelial growth was 6-7 in the fungus. Glucose in the AG 1-lA, AG 1-IB, AG 2-2, AG 3 and AG 5, sucrose in the AG 2-1 and fructose in the AG 4 were the most effective for the mycelial growth, but glycerine, cellulose and lactose were not effectively utilized as nutrients. $Ca(NO_3)_2$ in the AG 1-IA, AG 1-IB and AG 4, asparagine in the AG 2-1, $KNO_3$ in the AG 2-2 and $NaNO_3$ in the AG 5 were the best nitrogen sources for the mycelial growth, but $NH_4NO_3$ was not easily utilized by the fungus. Nitrate and organic nitrogens for the fungal growth were utilized better than ammonium nitrogen.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine developmental ability of reconstructed embryos by nuclear transfer using somatic cell of Korean bull with high genetic value. Fibroblast cells obtained from ear biopsy of the bull were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) at 37$^{\circ}C$ in air containing 5% $CO_2$. The cummulus-oocyte complexes were collected from slaughterhouse and were matured in vitro for 20 h in TCM 199 culture medium and the oocytes were then enucleated in modified phosphate buffered saline with cytochalasin B. Matured bovine oocytes were enucleated by aspirating the first polar body and metaphase chromatin using a beveled pipette in modified phosphate buffered saline. The ear fibroblast cells were fused into enucleated oocyte by electrical stimulation. The reconstructed oocytes were activated with ionomycine and 6-dimethylaminopurine, and then cultured in CR1aa medium for 7.5 days. Out of 524 bovine eggs reconstructed by nuclear transfer 65.6%(277/422) embryos were cleaved, and 30.7% (85/277) cleaved embryos were developed to the morula to blastocysts. There was no difference of developmental ability in vitro of reconstructed embryos regardless of donor cell passages. In order to determine fate of foreign mitochondria of donor nucleus, the Mito Tracker stained cells were fused into enucleated oocytes. The donor mitochondria were detected early stage of embryos, but disappeared rapidly. The developmental ability of reconstructed embryos was not impaired by Mito Tracker treatments. The results indicate that viable reconstructed embryos can be producted by nuclear transfer using somatic cell of Korean bulls.bulls.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 2010

Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the ends of chromosomes consisting of DNA sequences arranged in tandemly repeated units $(TTAGGG)_n$. However, this hexamers can also occur at non-telomeric sites in some avians and vertbrate. This study was carried out to present the distribution of telomeric DNA sequences in Korean Native Chicken chromosomes. The fluorescence in situ hybridization technique using a telomeric DNA probe was performed to the metaphase spreads of chicken early embryonic cells. Telomeric DNA signals were detected at the ends of chromosomes including macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. In chicken, surprisingly, chromosome 1 showed very distinct interstitial telomeric DNA hybridization patterns which located two interstitial sites in the p-arm at 1p11 and 1p23, and one in the q-arm at 1q32. In chromosome number 2 and 3 also displayed interstitial telomeric signals (ITS) in the long arms at 2q24 and 3q32, respectively. The pattern of telomeric DNA distribution in Korean Native Chicken chromosomes was in agreement with a previously reported in Gallus domesticus. The relative amount of telomeric DNA sequences in each macrochromosomes ranged from 4.6% to 16.3%. Distribution of telomeric DNAs at the end of p-arm was much more than that of q-arm in almost chicken chromosomes. The distribution of ITS in chicken chromsomes implicate to tandem chromosome fusions that might have occurred during the process of karyotype evolution.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.62-67
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• 2011

This study has been investigated for characteristic of removal on the effect of changes in soil moisture, microwave power, and temperature through the decomposition of oil-contaminated soil under high temperature conditions with high temperature heating elements and microwave. A lubricating oil having long carbocyclic(C18-C50) commonly known as a non-resolvable material was treated and the efficient for removal of TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) obtained 85.2% at 6 kW and $700^{\circ}C$ and thus the contaminant was found to be removed to 1788 mg/kg for 40 minutes. In case of contaminated soil by light oil and gasoline, the amount of removal was achieved with 567 mg/kg at 6 kW, 500 for 20 minutes that corresponds to reach 98.4% of treatment efficient. In addition, non-resolvable materials contaminated by oil reached TPH concentration on 2,000 mg/kg of worrisome level of soil contamination in the 3-zone at 6kW, $700^{\circ}C$, and 30 minutes, and processing cost at this time was about 8,173 won per ton.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.411-423
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• 2020

Localized solar irradiance is normally derived from atmospheric transmission influenced by atmospheric composition and conditions of the target area. Specially, for the area with complex coastal lines such as Taean gun, the accurate estimation of solar irradiance requires for in depth analysis of atmospheric transmission characteristics based on the localized vertical profiles of the key atmospheric parameters. Using MODTRAN (MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission) 6, we report a computational study on clear day atmospheric transmission and direct solar irradiance estimation of Taean gun using the data collected from 3 ground stations and radiosonde measurement over 93 clear days in 2018. The MODTRAN estimated direct solar irradiance is compared with the measurement. The results show that the normalized residual mean (NRM) is 0.28 for the temperature based MODTRAN atmospheric model and 0.32 for the pressure based MODTRAN atmospheric model. These values are larger than 0.1~0.2 of the other study and we understand that such difference represents the local atmospheric characteristics of Taean gun. The results also show that NRM tends to increase noticeably in summer as the temperature increases. Such findings from this study can be very useful for estimation and prediction of the atmospheric condition of the local area with complex coastal lines.