• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.1 s.15
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• pp.41-45
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• 1974

The effect of ginseng saponin on the release of free fatty acid from adipose tissue was studied in vitro. 1. The mobilization of free fatty acid from intact epididymal fat pad of rat, incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) contained bovine serum albumin (4 w/v%), was increased by addition of ginseng sponin (1 mg/ml). 2. The mobilization of free fatty acid from homogenate of the epididymal fat pad of rat, of which hormone-sensitive lipese system was activated by pre-incubation of intact fat pad in the presence of epinephrine, was markedly increased by addition of ginseng saponin $(0.1{\sim}1mg/ml)$. 3. It is considered that ginseng saponin potentiate the actions of epinephrine on hormone-sensitive lipase system of the adipose tissue of rat.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.242-247
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• 2005

The aim of this study was evaluated the effect of biological activity of Hijikia fusiforme (HF). To investigate the effects of biological activity of HF ethanol extracts, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented ethanol extracts of HF at 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-HF50), ovariectomized rats supplemented ethanol extracts of HF at 200 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-HF200). HF ethanol extracts were orally supplemented at the level of 1 mL per day. The body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different between groups. Although total-cholesterol and triglyceride were increased in the ovariectomized control, supplementation with the HF extracts decreased the levels. And HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased after supplementation with the HF extracts $(p<0.05)$. According to these results, we could known the effects biological activity of Hijikia fusiforme. Consequently, we expect the effects of Hijikia fusiforme extract on cardiovascular diseases aging coming from postmenopausal.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.195-198
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• 1975

Boron deficiency appeared as a cause of poor growth of sunflower(Helianthus annuus) according to soil and plant analysis. The investigated results are as follows; 1. Boron deficiency was due to low content of available boron (hot water soluble) in soil and clitical concentration appeared as 0.17 ppm. 2. Clitical concentrations in plant appeared to be 20 ppm for head(flower), 25 for leaf, 15 for stem and 10 for root. Boron concentration among positional leaves was greatly decreasing in the upper leaves. 3. Soils low in boron were relatively higher in calcium, silica and pH than in normal soil but relationship between boron and organic matter or other nutrients was uncertain. 4. The content of Ca and P is high in the head of boron deficient plant but low in root. Plants deficient in boron also showed a tendency of high N and low K but no clear tendency was shown in Mg and Fe. 5. Symptoms of boron deficinicy were yellowing of upper leaves, browning and drying of upper part of stem, cracking and blackening of stem and roots resulting short stem and poor growth.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.285-290
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• 2019

AHR regulates the expression of xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) as a transcription fact upon binding of ligands that are mainly aryl hydrocarbons. The role of AHR in human physiology has been intensively investigated for the past decades, however our understanding on AHR yet to be elucidated largely due to the lack of proper chemical agents. It has been demonstrated that AHR correlates to pathogenesis for some diseases in recent studies suggesting that the study on the AHR may provide a valid therapeutic target. Classical antagonists in current use are reported to be partially agonistic whereas a pure antagonist is yet to be found. In this study, phenyldiazenylaniline has been designed based on the structure of two known AHR antagonist, Resveratrol and CH223191. The derivatives of phenyldiazenylaniline have been prepared and subjected to assessment as an AHR antagonist in order to optimize the AHR antagonistic activity of the designed structure by means of convergence study of organic synthesis and molecular biology.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 1997

This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of smoking behavior and the effects of smoking on clinical symptoms and level of serum prolactin in schizophrenic patients. Methods : 76 male schizophrenic patients answered the questionnaire about the characteristics of smoking patterns. And patients were assessed by brief psychiatric rating scale(BPRS), positive and negative syndrome scle(PANSS), Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAM-D), assessment for involuntary movement scale(AIMS) and symptom checklist 90 R(SCL-90-R). Serum prolactin levels were measured by enzymeimmunoassay. Results: 1) The frequences of drinking coffee were significantly higher in smokers. The reasons for smoking were to relieve tension, to avoid boredom, due to habit and to do with friends. 80.1% of smokers tried quitting, but smoking was relapsed due to craving and withdrawal symptoms. 2) No significant difference was seen in mean neuropeltic doses, scores of PANSS and AIMS. But as for BPRS, scores of anxiety/depression subscale were significanly lower in smokers. Scores of HAM-D and scores of interpersonal sensitivity and phobia among SCL-90-R were significantly lower. 3) Levels of serum prolactin were significanlty lower in smokers. Conclusion : These findings suggest that in schisophrenia smoking relieves anxiety and depression subjectively But decreased prolactin levels may suggest that the possibility of increased dopamine in CNS.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1998

서방형 돼지성장호르몬(sustained-release formulation of porcine somatotropin, PST-SR)을 1주 간격으로 6차례 피하 및 근육주사하고 혈액과 조직중의 돼지 성장호르몬(PST)과 insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)의 농도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대조군의 혈중 PST와 IGF-1의 농도는 각각 2.41과 95.2 ng/ml 이었다. 1. PST-SR을 투여한 후 PST의 혈중농도는 8시간만에 최대에 도달하여(30 ng/ml) 곧 감소하였다. 혈중농도 반감기(decay half life)는 91~227시간이었다. IGF-1의 혈중농도는 투여후 12시간에 최대에 도달하였으며(165 ng/ml), 이후 서서히 감소되었고 반감기는 77~99시간이었다. 2. 혈중 PST농도-시간의 자료는 제재에서 PST가 유리되는 과정에는 두단계 즉, 투여후 24시간까지의 유리속도가 빠른 단계와 그 이후의 유리속도가 느린 단계가 있음을 보여주었다. 3. 여섯번의 반복투여기간에는 PST의 혈중농도는 투여직후 증가하여 24시간 이후 다음 투여전까지 지속적으로 감소되는 패턴이 반복되었고, 최종투여후 1주일경에는 정상수준으로 회복되었다. 반면에 투여가 반복됨에 따라 매 투여직후의 PST의 혈중 최고치는 다소 증가되는 경향을 보였다(20~40 ng/ml). IGF-1의 혈중농도는 투여가 반복됨에 따라 누적적인 증가현상이 뚜렷하였으며, 이후 2주일후 까지도 정상농도보다 높게 유지되었다(200ng/ml). 임상용량 투여군에서 PST 및 IGF-1의 혈중농도는 투여경로에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 4. 최종(6번째) 투여후 6, 8, 10, 14일에 조사한 간장, 신장, 소장, 근육, 지방 및 주사부위의 조직중의 PST 농도는 6일째에 이미 대조군 수준으로 회복되었다. IGF-1의 경우 최종투여후 6일에는 간장, 신장, 소장, 지방조직에서 정상보다 높은 농도로 잔류하나 이후 14일까지 모두 대조군 수준으로 감소되었다. 5. 이상의 결과는 본 실험에서 사용된 서방형 PST제제는 최소 1주간 유효성이 유지되며, 동시에 PST는 투여 6일째에, IGF-1은 투여후 14일에 정상수준으로 회복됨을 보여주고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2023

Antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory assays were conducted to determine the commercial viability of Brachythecium populeum. The antioxidant activity was assessed by performing the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. This was followed by the quantification of polyphenols and flavonoids. Results of the DPPH and ABTS assay showed that antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of B. populeum were 3.7 and 3.6 times higher than water extract, respectively. The polyphenol concentration was also determined to be 4.1 times higher and the flavonoid concentration was 5.3 times higher than the water extract. The cell-based experiments, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay and nitric oxide assay, were performed using RAW 264.7. Results of the MTT assay revealed that both extracts exerted no cytotoxicity on the cells (based on 80% viability). In the nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition experiment, inhibition of NO production was determined to be 15.42% more when exposed to ethanol extract as compared to water extract. Furthermore, the ethanol extract exerted greater inhibition of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α production (9.39%, 11.87%, and 14.49% more, respectively) when compared to the water extract. Due to the good antioxidant activity and potential for inhibiting NO and inflammatory cytokine production, B. populeum ethanol extracts are prospective sources of anti-inflammatory compounds.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.420-429
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• 2023

GC-MS/MS using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and C18 cartridges was used to identify and quantify levels of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin in bulk raw milk. A calibration curve spanning 10 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL was obtained with a satisfactory correlation coefficient of 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) for chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin in the matrix ranged from 0.06 to 1.81 ng/mL and 0.19 to 6.04 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries of 5 pesticides from spiked samples at 37.5-125 ng/mL ranged from 86.1 to 102.1%. The measurement of uncertainty of the GC-MS/MS method for these five pesticides was developed based on the analytical process and quantification. An analysis method that is easier and faster than the method specified in the Korean food standards codes for analyzing these five pesticides in raw material milk was developed. Moreover, the analytical method for chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin in bulk raw milk by GC-MS/MS was established.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and nutrient dynamics in response to fertilization of four tree species (LT: Liriodendron tulipifera L.; PY: Prunus yedoensis Matsumura; QA: Quercus acutissima Ca rruth; a nd PT: Pinus thunbergii Parl.) planted in a fire-disturbed urban forest in Bongdaesan (Mt.), Ulsan Metropolitan Area, South Korea. The trees were planted in 2009, and compound fertilizers (N₆P₄K₁) were applied in April 2013 and March 2014. Tree growth, soil, and foliage nutrients were examined from March 2013 to October 2016. The regression coefficients for the increment of the diameter at breast height (DBH) significantly differed between the fertilized and unfertilized plots, suggesting the significant effects of fertilization. By contrast, fertilization did not affect the coefficients for height increments. Regarding soil nutrient contents, organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations were lower in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots, whereas available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, and magnesium concentrations were higher in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots. In foliage, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were higher in the fertilized plots than in the unfertilized plots, whereas potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations were not affected by fertilization. Nutrient concentration of foliage among the tree species were higher in LT and PY than in QA and PT. These results suggest that fertilizers may be used to enhance soil fertility and the growth and nutrient status of tree species planted in a fire-disturbed urban forest.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2004

In this study, we prepared nanofiltration membrane by applying the interfacial polymerization method as a way of manufacturing composite membranes. We have examined the effects of various preparation factors such as monomer concentration and composition, thermal curing condition, post treatment condition. In addition to preparation conditions, we also monitored the effects of operation conditions such as feed solution concentration and operation pressure on the permeation properties of the resulting nanofiltration membrane. We intended to increase the permeation rate of nanofiltration membrane by the enlargement of effective surface area using additives during interfacial polymerization step. With increasing the monomer concentration, membrane permeation rate are decreased with maintaining almost constant rejection. With respect to curing condition, with increasing the curing temperature both permeation rate and rejection are decreased. With increasing the ratio of MPD in amino monomer composition, permeation rate decreased drastically with high rejection. With increasing the feed solution concentration, both permeation rate and rejection decreased. Both permeation rates and rejection increased with increasing the operating pressure. Nanofiltration membrane have higher surface roughness with increasing additive concentration in the case of using MPD contained amine composition than using piperazine alone. Permeation rates are much lower than the nanofiltration membrane prepared by piperazine.