• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.60-71
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• 2014

This study was conducted to identify the potential of rape stalk as a raw material for biorefinery process of rape flower. At first, rape stalk (RS) was immersed in distilled water (DW), acetic acid (AA), oxalic acid (OA), sulfuric acid (SA) and sodium hydroxide (SH) solutions, and the content of reducing sugars liberated from immersed RS was analyzed. Glucose, xylose, arabinose and sucrose were detected varying with the immersion type. In particular, 1% AA-immersion of RS for 72 hr was the most effective conditions to liberate glucose from RS. Secondly, the RS residues were used for elementary analysis and fabrication of fuel pellets. In addition to the solution type, concentration of immersion solutions (0%, 1%, 2%) and immersion time (24, 72, 120 hr) were used as experimental factors. The contents of nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine reduced effectively through the immersion of RS in DW, AA and OA solutions. For properties of RS-based pellets, bulk density and higher heating value of RS-based pellets greatly increased with the immersion of RS, and the qualities were much higher than those of the A-grade pellet of the EN standards. Ash content decreased remarkably through the immersion of RS, and was satisfied with the A-grade pellet standard. Durability was negatively affected by the immersion of RS, and did not reached to B-grade of the EN standard. In conclusion, acid immersion of RS can be a pretreatment method for the production of fuel pellet and bioethanol, but use of the immersed RS for the production of high-quality pellets might be restricted due to low durability of immersed-RS pellets. Therefore, further studies, such as investigation of detailed immersion conditions, fabrication of mixed pellets with wooden materials and addition of binders, are needed to resolve the problems.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

Objective of this experiment was to predict the potential methane production with crop residues at different loading rates. Anaerobic digestion of barley and rapeseed straw substrates for biogas production was performed in Duran bottles at various biomass loading rates with crop residues. Through kinetic model of surface methodology, the methane production was fitted to a Gompertz equation. For the biogas production at mesophilic digestion with crop residues, it was observed that maximum yield was 37.2 and 28.0 mL/g at 6.8 and 7.5 days after digestion with 1% biomass loading rates of barley and rapeseed straws, respectively. For the methane content of mesophilic digestion, there were highest at 61.7% after 5.5 days and 75.0% after 3.4 days of digestion with barley and rapeseed straw on both 5% biomass loading rates, respectively. The maximum methane production potentials were 159.59 mL/g for 1% barley straw and 156.62 mL/g for 3% rapeseed straw at mesophilic digestion. Overall, it would be strongly recommended that biomass loading rate was an optimum rate at mesophilic digestion for using 1% barley and 3% rapeseed straws for feed stocks.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of rape stalk (RAS) as a raw material for the production of solid bio-fuels. RAS was immersed in an aqueous solution with acetic acid concentration of 1 percent, The content of reducing sugars separated from the RAS was analyzed. Glucose showed the highest content followed by xylose, galactose, arabinose and mannose. The immersed and non-immersed RAS were used for producing pellets with a pilot-scaled flat-die pellet mill. Bulk density and calorific values of the pellets improved with the use of the immersed RAS and the addition of wood particles. The values exceeded the minimum requirements for the A-grade of non-woody pellets (≧600 kg/m³ & ≧ 14.5 MJ/kg) designated by the ISO. Ash content of the pellets reduced with the immersion of RAS and the value satisfied the A-grade level (≦6.0%) of the ISO standard. The durability of the immersed RAS-based pellets was much higher than that of non-immersed IRS-based pellets, and the values were increased with the addition of wood particles. However, the durability did not meet the acceptance level for the B-grade of non-woody pellets (≧96.0%) designated by the ISO. These results suggested that the addition of binders in the production of non-woody pellets using an RAS immersed in acetic acid-based aqueous solution is required for the commercialization of the pellets.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.489-494
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• 2009

Two-step pretreatment process was investigated to efficiently hydrolyzed rape stems for obtaining fermentable sugars. The process was consisted of two consecutive steps as $200^{\circ}C$ and 15 MPa and $374^{\circ}C$ and 24 MPa with the flow rate of 5 mL/min. Under this condition, 5.5 (g/L) of glucose and 25.6 (g/L) of xylose were obtained from rape stems, showing 18% of glucose yield based on 25% cellulose in the rape stems. It was also found that this process could generate less amounts of toxic residues, such as HMF (Hydroxy- Methyl-Furfural) and other fulfural components during hydrolysis process. It could reaction maintain relatively high ethanol production yield as 90% of theoretical conversion yield from glucose. Therefore, this pretreatment process could be applied to hydrolyze other cellulosic and marine resources such as woods, stem and algae for bioethanol production.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 2010

Hydro-thermal liquefaction technology for rapeseed straws was investigated the biomass conversion rate with different catalysts and reaction temperatures. NaOH and KOH were used for catalysts, and the reaction temperature were ranged from 180 to $320^{\circ}C$ at every $20^{\circ}C$ of intervals for 10 minutes. The reaction was carried out in a 5,000 mL liquefaction system with dispenser and external electrical furnace. Raw materials (160g), 2,000 mL of distilled water and 10% (wt/wt) of catalyst to plant residue were fed into the reactor. It was observed that the maximum crude oil yield was about 36% at temperature range, $260{\sim}280^{\circ}C$ with KOH and at $300^{\circ}C$ with NaOH, respectively. It was observed that the more calorific values of crude oil, the higher reaction temperature with KOH, but it had the reverse pattern in NaOH.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.513-518
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• 1992

Optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of purified rapeseed(Brassica napus var. Youngsan) protein were investigated. Pronase showed higher activity in the hydrolysis of rapeseed protein than that of alcalase and neutrase. Preheated treatment of the rapeseed protein decreased the activity of pronase. The degree of hydrolysis of rapeseed protein was greater in distilled water than in phosphate buffer solution. Degree of hydrolysis was reached in steady state after 1 hr. Optimum conditions of the hydrolysis of the rapeseed protein were $40^{\circ}C$ in reaction temperaturem pH 8.0 in substrate solution, 1/100 (w/w) in the ratio of enzyme to substrate and 1% (w/v) in substrate concentration for pronase, respectively. At the optimum hydrolysis conditions, Km value was 3.48% (w/v).

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.664-668
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• 2009

"Boram" is a new $F_1$ hybrid of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with early maturing, high yield and high oleic acid. This cultivar was developed from the cross between Mokpo-CGMS (male steile line) and 8634-B-1-3-1-8 (restore line) for the production of edible oil and biodiesel in 2006. Yield trials were conducted from 2007 to 2008 and regional adaptation trials were examined at four locations in 2008. "Boram" has green and parted leaf, yellowish flower, and black seed coat. The ripening period of "Boram" is similar to "Sunmang", but 3 days faster than "Tammiyuchae". The average seed yield of the regional adaptation trials was 424 kg/10a, which was 11 and 48% higher than "Sunmang" and "Tammiyuchae" variety. Total oil content of "Boram" was 44.2%. In fatty acid composition, "Boram" has no erucic acid. However, oleic acid content is 68.5%, which is 3.7 and 5.4% higher than "Tammiyuchae" and "Sunmang". And total glucosinolate content was 2.27mg/g. Therefore this variety is recommended as a leading variety at southwestern areas including Jeonnam, Jeonbuk and Kyeongnam provinces and Jeju island of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.236-240
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• 2010

'Jomang' is a new $F_1$ hybrid variety of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with early maturation, high yield and high oleic acid. This hybrid variety was developed from the cross between Mokpo-CGMS (male sterile line) and 8516-B-5-6-5-3 (restore line) for the production of edible oil and biodiesel in 2006. Yield trials were conducted from 2007 to 2008, and regional adaptation trials were examined at four locations in 2008. 'Jomang' has green and parted leaf, yellowish flower and black seed coat. The ripening date of 'Jomang' is 1~4 days earlier than 'Sunmang' and 'Tammiyuchae'. The average seed yield of the regional adaptation trials was 406 kg/10a, which was 7% and 42% higher than those of 'Sunmang' and 'Tammiyuchae,' respectively. Total oil content of 'Jomang' was 44.5%. 'Jomang' has no erucic acid in fatty acid composition. However, oleic acid content is 68.2%, which is 3.4% and 5.1% higher than 'Tammiyuchae' and 'Sunmang,' respectively. Total glucosinolate content was 2.31 mg/g. Therefore, this variety is recommended as a leading variety at southwestern area including Jeonnam, Jeonbuk and Kyongnam provinces and Cheju island of Korea.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.401-407
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• 2010

We established a strategy for bioethanol production using the hydrolysate of rape stem, in which the inhibitor cocktail was added intentionally. The final goal of this study was to circumvent the detoxification process when the hydrolysate of lignocelluloisic biomass contained the toxic substances in high concentration. When six yeast strains were examined, Sacchromyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581 and Pichia stipitis CBS 7126 were relatively resistant to inhibitor cocktail. Then, using strains 96581 and 7126, we designed a process strategy for bioethanol production, assuming that the concentration of toxic substance in the hydrolysate of rape stem was remarkably high. When strains 96581 and 7126 were inoculated simultaneously, it was observed that strain 7126 produced bioethanol as well as strain 96581, although the concentration of inhibitor cocktail was 18.2% (v/v). Finally, throughout this co-cultivation of strains 96581 and 7126, bioethanol was produced about 6.0 (g/L), and bioethanol yield reached at 0.4 (g-bioethanol/g-reducing sugar) (78.4% of theoretical value).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.511-511
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• 2009

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic material on earth and also promising raw material for bioenergy production. Agricultural residues in the process of bio-oil extraction, is an abundant and low-cost lignocellulosic material. The technology for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass resources to fuels and chemicals, such as ethanol, has been under development for decades. One of the well-studied technologies that are currently being commercialized is to use a dilute acid-catalyzed pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation to produce ethanol. In this work, the dilute-acid hydrolysis of agricultural residues was optimized through the utilization of statistical experimental design. Evaluation criteria for optimization of the pretreatment conditions were based on high xylose recovery and low inhibitor contents in the hydrolyzates. The purpose of this study was to gain a more accurate understanding of the quantities of acid required for effective hydrolysis and the reactivity trade-offs with reaction time and temperature that will enable overall process optimization.