• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2011

The use of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars in reinforced concrete (RC) structures has emerged as an alternative to traditional RC due to the corrosion of steel in aggressive environments. Although the number of analytical and experimental studies on RC beams with GFRP reinforcement has increased in recent decades, it is still lower than the number of such studies related to steel RC structures. This paper presents the experimental moment deflection relations of GFRP reinforced beam which are spliced. Test variables were different reinforcement ratio and cover thickness of GFRP rebars. Seven concrete beams reinforced with steel GFRP re-Bars were tested. All the specimens had a span of 4000mm, provided with 12.7mm nominal diameter steel and GFRP rebars. All test specimens were tested under 2-point loads so that the spliced region be subject to constant moment. The experimental results show that the ultimate moment capacity of beam increasing of the reinforcement ratio. Failure mode of these specimens was sensitively vary according to the reinforcement ratio. The change of beam effective depth, which was caused by cover thickness variation, controlled the maximum strength and deflection because of cover spalling in tension face.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.195-200
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• 2011

KS F 2782 (for shotcrete accelerators) standard cross-section of tunnel construction or repair is a reinforcement used in the field of shotcrete accelerators as a criterion in assessing shotcrete performance. Thus, KS F 2782 by standard accelerator will determine the nature of the product of concrete accelerators that will be used to record variations in the product roles, through determination of the quality of the experimental method to identify only the quality of the many variables that exist. This evaluation standard has so far distinguished accelerator products in indoor experiments that do not meet quality standards but were mostly for an on-site accelerator mixed with the shotcrete after being quite satisfied with the level of quality in a certain number of products. This observation is derived from the results of an indoor experiment considered to verify whether the site is suitable for indoor experiments, and whether its actual location in the city is relevant to the accelerator quality, to find a way to test if it fits. This study centers on the material conditions of the shotcrete accelerator and a variety of experimental results, and used the Gilmore needle to compare the compressive strength and KS F 2782 specification of the accelerator as a means to ensure product quality conformity analysis and for further research experiments. In conclusion, a portion of KS F 2782 standard that fixes the problems that can be resolved from the ground up as a whole is not a review for the domestic reality. As an indoor experiment to ensure uniformity in the field when applied in a sufficient correlation, complement must be in place.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2017

Recently, the importance of the industrial warehouse floor has been increasing due to the development of the distribution and logistics industry. In this present study, an early-hardening polymer floor mortar which can compensate for the limitation of conventional cement based floor mortar regarding fluidity and long curing time was developed. In order to achieve the early-hardening of mortar characteristic ultra rapid hardening cement was used as binder. Four types of mixture proportions in accordance with the vinyl acetate ethylene(VAE) polymer contents with range from 10% to 20% and the other proto proportion without VAE polymer were designed. Mechanical experiments including the fluidity test, compressive strength test, bending test, bond test, and abrasion test were conducted for all mixture proportions. From the flow test result, it was possible to achieve the high flow with 250 mm by controlling the amount of superplasticizer. The incorporation of VAE polymer was found to affect the compressive strength reduction, however, the flexural strength was higher than that of the proto mixture, and it was evaluated to increase the compressive strength / flexural strength ratio. Moreover, at least 2.6 times higher bond strength and more than 4 times higher abrasion resistance were secured. From the mechanical experiments results, the optimum mixing ratio of the VAE polymer was determined to be 10%. As a result of application and monitoring, it shows that it has excellent resistance to cracking, discoloration, impact, and scratch as well as bond performance compared to the cement based floor mortar.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.54-59
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• 2017

GGBFS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) is a byproduct with engineering advantages and HVSC (High Volume Slag Concrete) is widely attempted due to active utilization and reduction of eco-load. In the present work, characteristics of drying shrinkage and early-aged behavior are evaluated for the concrete with 65% replacement ratio of GGBFS and 50MPa of design strength. For the work, 3 different mix conditions are considered and several tests including slump flow, compressive strength, drying and autogeneous shrinkage are performed. From the test, OPC 100 mixture without replacement shows higher strength development before 7 days, however the strength reduction in concrete replaced with GGBFS is not significant due to sufficient free water for cement hydration. OPC 100 mixture also shows significant drying shrinkage due to a great autogeneous shrinkage before 3 days. In the concrete with GGBFS replacement, the drying shrinkage behavior is improved due to relatively small deformation by autogeneous shrinkage. The mixture (OPT BS 65) with lower w/b ratio (0.27) and unit content of water ($160kg/m^3$) shows more improved shrinkage behavior than BS 65 mixture which has simple replacement of GGBFS with 0.30 of w/b and $165kg/m^3$ of water unit content.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.120-130
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• 2012

As long span and complex bridges are constructed often recently, safety estimation became a big issue. Various types of measuring instruments are installed in case of long span bridge. New wireless technologies for long span bridges such as sending information through a gateway at the field or sending it through cables by signal processing the sensing data are applied these days. However, The case of occurred accidents related to bridge in the world have been reported that serious accidents occur due to lack of real-time proactive, intelligent action based on recognition accidents. To solve this problem in this study, the idea of "communication among things", which is the basic method of RFID/USN technology, is applied to the bridge monitoring system. A sensor node module for USN based intelligent bridge system in which sensor are utilized on the bridge and communicates interactively to prevent accidents when it captures the alert signals and urgent events, sends RF wireless signal to the nearest traffic signal to block the traffic and prevent massive accidents, is designed and tested by performing TinyOS based middleware design and sensor test free Space trans-receiving distance.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.128-135
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• 2016

In the current concrete structure of the highway is still the major problem most of concrete deterioration caused by the freeze-thaw and deicing salt, which is of issues that are not completely resolved. In particular, a single freezing event does not cause much harm, durability of concrete under multi-deterioration environment by repeated freeze-thaw and deicing salt is rapidly degraded and reduce its service life. In this study, the exposure environmental condition according the regional highway points were established. The damage condition and chloride content of the concrete at general and severe environmental exposure condition were also investigated. In addition, the experimental test of chloride ion permeability, scaling resistant and freeze-thaw resistance were carried out to improve the durability of the mechanical placing concrete of subsidiary structure. According to the results of this study, in observation of concrete surface condition, the concrete exposed by severe environmental condition showed broad ranges of damage with high chloride contents. Meanwhile, the water-binder(W/B) ratio and the less water content, and fly ash concrete than the specified existing mix proportion is significantly improved the durability. Also, the optimal mix proportion derived for test is satisfied the strength and air contents, water-binder ratio, and durability criteria of concrete specifications, as well as service life seems greatly improved.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.128-135
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• 2010

Polymer-modified cement mortar(PCM) has been widely used for strengthening of the concrete structures due to its excellent physical properties such as high strength and durability. Adhesive strength or behavior, on the other hands, between PCM and concrete is very important in strengthening the concrete member using PCM. Therefore the adhesive failure mechanism between PCM and concrete should be fully verified and understood. This study was performed to evaluate adhesive strength of PCM to the concrete by the direct pull-out test. In the direct pull-out tests, the adhesive strength under the various pre-treatment conditions such as immersion, thunder shower, freezing and thawing are evaluated. Also, the field direct pull-out test are performed to investigate the adhesive strength of mock-up test specimens. In the results of the test, the adhesive strength value by field test are lower than those of the standard curing condition. From these comparison and investigation, field test result was similar with the thunder shower test result. The results of the test was used to evaluate the korean industrial standard of polymer modified cement mortars for maintenance in concrete.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.18-29
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• 2013

A new precast concrete (PC) beam and column connection system using non-prestressed wire strands was recently developed. The system is composed of one unit of two-storied PC-column and PC-beams with U-shaped ends. The connection part of the column and beams is reinforced by deformed bars and non-prestressed wire strands in combination for the improvement of workability. Structural performance of this system was verified by several experimental studies. The purpose of this study is developing a design concept of the beam reinforced by deformed bars and non-prestressed wire strands in combination, in terms of the cross-sectional analysis, based on the preceded experiment. A minimum and maximum reinforcement ratio and the calculation formula for the strength of flexural member reinforced by reinforcements having different yield strengths are derived based on KBC2009. Under consideration existing research results for the application of high strength reinforcement bars, the design yield strength of the non-prestressed wire strand is suggested. An example for the cross section design, satisfying the serviceability requirements, demonstrates the applicability of the design concept developed in the study.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 2018

In this study, to solve the problems of the conventional crack repair and injection method, high elasticity latex was used as the material of the storage tube to withstand the high pressure in the center part differently from the general port. When the repair solution was injected into the crack part, The TPS method was developed so that the air existing in the TPS can be discharged. In addition, a new infusion port in which a valve blocking the backflow of the remediation solution was installed at the injection port was developed and the physical characteristics of the port were analyzed. As a result of the evaluation, it was found that the filling rate of the remedial solution was improved compared to the existing ordinary injector method, and the cracks were completely filled in the test conditions. Compressive strength and tensile strength after repair showed about 20% decrease after repair in case of using ordinary injector method, while TPS method showed about 2~7% increase after repair. The results of this study showed that the injection port method using the elastic storage tube increased the injection performance and the quality after repair compared to the conventional injector method. The result of this study is expected to be utilized as the basic data for application and commercialization of the result to the practical structure.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.39-46
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• 2020

Carbonation is a deterioration which degrades structural and material performance by permitting CO₂ and corrosion of embedded steel. Service life evaluation through deterministic method is conventional, however the researches with probabilistic approach on service life considering loading and cold joint effect on carbonation have been performed very limitedly. In this study, probabilistic service life evaluation was carried out through MCS (Monte Carlo Simulation) which adopted random variables such as cover depth, CO₂ diffusion coefficient, exterior CO₂ concentration, and internal carbonatable materials. Probabilistic service life was derived by changing mean value and COV (Coefficient of variation) from 100 % to 300 % and 0.1 ~ 0.2, respectively. From the analysis, maximum reduction ratio (47.7%) and minimum reduction ratio (11.4%) of service life were obtained in cover depth and diffusion coefficient, respectively. In the loading conditions of 30~60% for compressive and tensile stress, GGBFS concrete was effective to reduce cold joint effect on carbonation. In the tensile condition, service life decreased linearly regardless of material types. Additionally service life rapidly decreased due to micro crack propagation in the all cases when 60% loading was considered in compressive condition.