• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.81-87
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• 2014

Heavy metal pollution is a widespread global problem causing serious environmental concern. Heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, and Zn can induce toxicity in all organisms if the soil levels of contaminants reach critical values. The aim of the present study was to examine the application of Liriope platyphylla, an ornamental Korean native plant with great potential for contaminated soil in urban areas, to determine tolerance for Cd, Pb, and Zn. Plants were grown in amended artificial soil with Cd, Pb, and Zn at 0, 100, 250, and $500mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ for 7 months. The length of leaf, width of leaf, total leaf number, dead leaf number, new leaf number, chlorophyll contents, and ornamental value were monitored from May to August, during growth the period. The relative leaf length and leaf width displayed rapidly decreasing tendencies with an increasing Cd concentration beginning from 4 months after planting. The same decreasing tendency was observed in total leaf number, new leaf number, chlorophyll contents, and ornamental values showed a trend of Control> $Cd_{100}$ > $Cd_{250}$ > $Cd_{500}$. In Pb concentration treatments, the relative leaf length and leaf width were significantly lower in plants grown at $250mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and $500mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ as compared to the Control, $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$. The total leaf number, new leaf number, and dead leaf number did not show significant difference among treatments in Control and $Pb_{100}$ but chlorophyll contents and ornamental value decreased with increasing Pb supply concentration treatments. However, in Zn supply treatments, the relative leaf length was higher at $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ than the Control, $250mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, $500mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, but the relative leaf width decreased compared to the Control, $Zn_{100}$, $Zn_{250}$, and $Zn_{500}$. The total leaf number, dead leaf number, new leaf number, and ornamental value showed the lowest value in plants grown in $Zn_{500}$ treatment but no significant differences were found among other treatments.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2014

In this study, to obtain basic data for searching potential resources as new natural fibers, we investigated morphological and classificatory characteristics of 21 weed seed fibers. According to classification keys in this study, the collected weed seed fibers could be classified into total 13 types, showing their diversity. Seven species among them belonged to BOT3 type. Two species belonged to B2N0 and DOS3 type, respectively. Many of weed seed fibers had not branched. However, three species had various branched fibers at one main fibers on the seed. Three species had various branched fibers at several main fibers on the seed. Eight species had a smooth fiber surface but 13 species had a weakly or significantly developed-corniculum on the fiber surface. In the fiber cell shape, fiber cells of eight weed species were composed of one long cell without septum. But others had a fiber cell shape composed of a bunch of several long cells. Based on the easiness of harvesting, productivity of fibers, and morphological characteristics of seed fiber, it seemed that five seed fibers (TYPLA, METJA, HEMLY, IMPCK, and EREHI) should be additionally investigated if they are practically applicable as renewable resources for new natural fibers.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.330-340
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• 2014

Coprinellus micaceus, belongs to family Psathyrellaceae of Agaricales, Basidiomycota, has been used for edible purposes in the world. This study was initiated to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-cholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, and nitric oxide inhibitory activities of fruiting bodies from C. micaceus extracted with methanol and hot water. The HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds from the mushroom extracts identified 4 phenolic compounds including procatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, (-)-epicatechin, and naringin. In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, the scavenging activities of methanol and hot water extracts were lower than that of positive control, BHT. The chelating effects of methanol and hot water extracts were significantly higher than that of BHT, the positive control at the all concentrations tested. In the reducing power assay, methanol and hot water extracts exhibited the lower activities compared with positive control at the 0.125-0.2 mg/ml. The methanol and hot water extracts of the mushroom inhibited the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 62.26% and 67.59%, respectively at the 2.0 mg/ml, while acarbose, the positive control, inhibited the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 81.81% at the same concentration. In the acetylcholinesterase(AChE) inhibitory activity assay, methanol and hot water extracts of the mushroom inhibited the AChE by 94.64% and 74.19%, respectively at 1.0 mg/ml, whereas the galanthamine, standard drug, inhibited the AChE activity by 97.80% at the same concentration. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities of methanol and hot water extracts were 91.33% and 91.99% at 2.0 mg/ml, while the inhibitory activity of kojic acid, the positive control, was 99.61% at the same concentration. Nitric oxide(NO) production in lipopolysaccahride (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 cells were inhibited by the methanol and hot water extracts in a concentration dependent manner. Therefore, it is concluded that fruiting bodies of C. micaceus contained natural antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase substances which might be used for promoting human health.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to investigate the soil temperature. the characteristics of seedling growth and drought resistance of Job's tears under different seeding depth. The changes of soil temperature were similar to the patterns of atmosphere temperature. and the minimum and maximum temperature of the day were at 08: 00 and 16: 00 hours, respectively, and this was 1 hour late compared to the atmospheric temperature. In mean temperature under different soil depth, 3cm and 4cm soil depth were the same as $27.3^{\circ}C$ which was higher than that at 1cm and 2cm soil depth. Percentage of emergence was 81.2% at 4cm soil depth in Yulmoo 1 ho and 88.0% at 3cm soil depth in Yunchon 9 ho, respectively. Days to emergence after seeding was shortest at 1cm seeding depth as about 9 days and was 2 to 3 days later at other soil depth of 2, 3, 4cm compared to 1cm soil depth plot. Plant height and dry matter weight was highest at 3cm soil depth in Yulmoo 1 ho and at 4cm soil depth in Yunchon 9 ho. In the drought conditions, percent of survived plant was highest at 4cm soil depth plot of both varieties as 51.3% and 60.0%, respectively. In the drought conditions, soil depth was positively correlated with % of emergence, days to emergence after seeding, plant height, and dry matter weight per plant.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.537-546
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• 2004

Adiponectin is adipocyte complement-related protein which is highly specialized to play important roles in metabolic and honnonal processes. This protein, called GBP-28, AdipoQ, and Acrp30, is encoded by the adipose most abundant gene transcript 1 (APM1) which locates on human chromosome 3q27 and mouse chromosome 16. In order to determine chromosomal localization of the porcine APM1, we carried out PCR analysis using somatic cell hybrid panel as well as porcine whole genome radiation hybrid (RH) panel. The result showed that the porcine APM1 located on chromosome 13q41 or 13q46-49. These locations were further investigated with the two point analysis of RH panel, revealed the most significant linked marker (LOD score 20.29) being SIAT1 (8 cRs away), where the fat-related QTL located. From the SSCP analysis of APM1 using 8 pig breeds, two distinct SSCP types were detected from K~ native and Korean wild pigs. The determined sequences in Korean native and Korean wild pigs showed that two nucleotide positions (T672C and C705G) were substituted. The primary sequence of the porcine APM1 has 79 to 87% identity with those of human, mouse, and bovine APM1. The domain structures of the porcine APM1 such as signal sequence, hypervariable region, collagenous region. and globular domain are also similar to those of mammalian genes.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.551-567
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• 2018

Demographic and socio-structural information is useful to identify potential welfare recipients who are in need of disease-prevention and intervention services. Thus, the present study aims to explore the differences in grip strength among middle and old-aged adults by living conditions and by living area. The 5th wave data of Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging was utilized. The dependent variable was grip strength, and the independent variables were living alone (living alone or not) and living area (city or non-city). Covariates were age, education, log-transformed household income, spouse existence, body mass index, self-rated health conditions, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, smoking, regular exercise, frequency of meeting with friends, and the number of social participation. Regression analysis was performed for middle-aged men, middle-aged women, old-aged men, and old-aged women, respectively. ANOVA and Chi-test were additionally used to specifically discuss significant results. Cross-sectional weight was applied to all analyses. According to the results, living alone and living area did not have significant effects on grip strength among middle-aged men, old-aged men, and old-aged women. In middle-aged women, however, living alone and living area were significantly associated with grip strength. To be specific, middle-aged women who lived alone in rural areas had the lowest grip strength compared to other middle-aged women. Additional analysis showed that middle-aged women who lived alone in rural areas had risk factors, such as low education level, low income, or high depressive symptoms. It implies that middle-aged women living alone in rural areas may have physical health risks, so they might be in need of disease prevention. This study is meaningful in that it can provide reliable information on the latent welfare recipients by using representative panel data and applying weight values.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2021

A bacterial strain isolated from a Malva verticillata leaf was identified as Bacillus velezensis MV2 based on the 16S rRNA sequencing results. Complete genome sequencing revealed that B. velezensis MV2 possessed a single 4,191,702-bp contig with 45.57% GC content. Generally, Bacillus spp. are known to produce diverse antimicrobial compounds including bacteriocins, polyketides, and non-ribosomal peptides. Antimicrobial compounds in the B. velezensis MV2 were extracted from culture supernatants using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The crude extracts showed antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria; however, they were more effective against gram-positive bacteria. The extracts also showed antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as Fusarium fujikuroi and F. graminearum. In time-kill assays, these antimicrobial compounds showed bactericidal activity against Bacillus cereus, used as indicator strain. To predict the type of antimicrobial compounds produced by this strain, we used the antiSMASH algorithm. Forty-seven secondary metabolites were predicted to be synthesized in MV2, and among them, fourteen were identified with a similarity of 80% or more with those previously identified. Based on the antimicrobial properties, the antimicrobial compounds may be nonribosomal peptides or polyketides. These compounds possess the potential to be used as biopesticides in the food and agricultural industry as an alternative to antibiotics.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2023

In line with the entry into the digital-based intelligent information society, the science curriculum emphasizes the cultivation of scientific competencies, and computer-based test (CBT) is drawing attention for assessment of competencies. CBT has advantages to develop items that have high fidelity, and to establish a feedback system by accumulating results into the database. However, it is necessary to solve the problems of improving validity of assessment results, lowering measurement efficiency, and increasing management factors. To examine students' responses to the introduction of the new assessment tools in the process of transitioning from paper-based test (PBT) to CBT, in this study, we analyzed the results of the PBT and the CBT conducted in 2021 National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA). In particular, we sought to find the effects on student achievement when only the mode of assessment was changed without change of items, and the effect on student achievement when the items were composed including technology enhanced features that take advantage of CBT. This study is derived through the analysis of the results of 7,137 third-grade middle school students taking one among the three kinds of assessments, which were the PBT or two kinds of CBT. After the assessment, the percentage of correct answers and the item discriminations were collected for each group, and expert opinions on characteristics of response were collected through the expert council involving 8 science teachers with experience in NAEA. According to the results, there was no significant difference between students' achievement results in the PBT and the CBT-M, which means simple mode conversion type of CBT, so it could be explained that the mode effect did not appear. However, it was confirmed that the percentage of correct answers for the construct response items was somewhat high in the CBT, and this result was analyzed to be related to the convenience of the response. On the other hand, there were the items with a difference of more than 10%p from the correct answer rate of similar items, among the items to which technology enhanced functions were applied following the introduction of CBT. According to the analysis of response rate of options, these results could be explained that the students' level of understanding could be more closely grasped through the innovative items developed through the technology enhanced function. Based on the results, we discussed some guidance to be considered when introducing CBT and developing items through CBT, and presented implications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.6
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• pp.1493-1504
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• 2021

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the 16-cm axial volume scan technique for calculating the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) using non-enhanced chest CT. Materials and Methods This study prospectively enrolled 20 participants who underwent both, non-enhanced chest CT (16-cm-coverage axial volume scan technique) and calcium-score CT, with the same parameters, differing only in slice thickness (in non-enhanced chest CT = 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 mm; in calcium score CT = 2.5 mm). The CACS was calculated using the conventional Agatston method. The difference between the CACS obtained from the two CT scans was compared, and the degree of agreement for the clinical significance of the CACS was confirmed through sectional analysis. Each calcified lesion was classified by location and size, and a one-to-one comparison of non-contrast-enhanced chest CT and calcium score CT was performed. Results The correlation coefficients of the CACS obtained from the two CT scans for slice thickness of 2.5, 1.25, and 0.625 mm were 0.9850, 0.9688, and 0.9834, respectively. The mean differences between the CACS were -21.4% at 0.625 mm, -39.4% at 1.25 mm, and -76.2% at 2.5 mm slice thicknesses. Sectional analysis revealed that 16 (80%), 16 (80%), and 13 (65%) patients showed agreement for the degree of coronary artery disease at each slice interval, respectively. Inter-reader agreement was high for each slice interval. The 0.625 mm CT showed the highest sensitivity for detecting calcified lesions. Conclusion The values in the non-contrast-enhanced chest CT, using the 16-cm axial volume scan technique, were similar to those obtained using the CACS in the calcium score CT, at 0.625 mm slice thickness without electrocardiogram gating. This can ultimately help predict cardiovascular risk without additional radiation exposure.

• Journal of Investigative Cosmetology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to assess the anti-oxidant, astringent, and anti-aging effects of black chokeberries, which have been widely cultivated on many farms in Korea. Using a 500 ㎍/mL concentration of a 70% ethanol extract from black chokeberries, we observed approximately 77% electron donating ability, approximately 88% 2,2'-azinobis (3-eth- ylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammounium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, approximately 71% hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability, and 0.45 reducing power. Using 200 ㎍/mL from the ethylacetate fraction, we observed approximately 90% ABTS radical scavenging ability, approximately 95% electron donating ability, 95% superoxide dis- mutase-like activity, and approximately 98% hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Furthermore, the 0.831 reducing power was a particularly meaningful result as compared with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (positive control). The results of a total phenolic content experiment showed a relatively high value of 45 mg tannic acid equivalents/g, and the result of an astringent effect experiment also showed a relatively high effect at 5000 ㎍/mL, with about 85% of the astringent effect in the ethylacetate fraction and 76% in the water fraction. The result of an elastase inhibition ability experiment showed a relatively high inhibition ability at 500 ㎍/mL; 76% of inhibition ability in the 70% ethanol extract and 74% of inhibi- tion ability in the water fraction. Based on the study results, we determined that extracts and fractions from Korean black chokeberries have excellent anti-oxidant and anti-aging effects. Additionally, these results suggested that Korean black chokeberries may be used as a natural material in the cosmetic and functional food industries.