• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Advances in bacterial and fungal genome mining uncover a plethora of cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Guided by the genome information, targeted transcriptional derepression could be employed to determine the product of a cryptic gene cluster and to explore its biological role. Monascus spp. are food grade filamentous fungi popular in eastern Asia and several genome data belong to them are now available. We achieved transcription activation of a cryptic fungal polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthase gene Mpfus1 in Monascus purpureus ${\Delta}MpPKS5$ by inserting Aspergillus gpdA promoter at the upstream of Mpfus1 through double crossover gene replacement. The gene cluster with Mpfus1 show a high similarity to those for the biosynthesis of conjugated polyene derivatives with 2-pyrrolidone ring and the mycotoxin fusarin is the representative member of this group. The ${\Delta}MpPKS5$ is incapable of producing azaphilone pigment, providing an excellent background to identify chromogenic and UV-absorbing compounds. Activation of Mpfus1 resulted in a yellow hue on mycelia and its methanol extract exhibit a maximum absorption at 365 nm. HPLC analysis of the organic extracts indicated the presence of a variety of yellow compounds in the extract. This implies that the product of MpFus1 is metabolically or chemically unstable. LC-MS analysis guided us to predict the MpFus1 product and to propose that the Mpfus1-containing gene cluster encode the biosynthesis of a desmethyl analogue of fusarin. This study showcases the genome mining in Monascus and the possibility to unveil new biological activities embedded in it.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 2011

The Mireuksaji stone pagoda was built foundation in the reign of King Moo (AD 639) in the Baekje Kingdom of ancient Korea. The stone properties of the pagoda were quarried from Mountain Mireuk, which are medium to coarse-grained light gray biotite granite formed during the Jurassic, and are composed of quartz, feldspar, biotite, muscovite, apatite and allanite. It was strong relatively but became weak from prolonged weathering, and as a result its durability fell to $883kgf/cm^3$ (moderate weathering degree). In the process, cut-off (31%), deletion (57%) and crack (44%) occurred in foundation materials by the influence of bending, shear and compressive force. Hereat, the original materials were treated through a preservation process. As a result, approximately 74% of original materials have been able to be reused, inclusive of 55 materials that were to be partially replaced by new stones. On the other hand, it is inevitable that the other 26% including exterior stones and support-based stones have to be partially replaced by new stones. It implies that there is a need to find stones that are identical or similar to those of the pagoda. Consequently, a lithological study was conducted on stones in quarries located in Iksan and an investigation was made into their properties. The results showed that stones in the Hwangdeung area were most similar to those of the pagoda mineralogically and their properties were most stable.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

When analyzing geographical phenomena, two properties need to be considered. One is the spatial dependence structure and the other is a variation or an uncertainty inhibited in a geographic space. Two problems are encountered due to the properties. Firstly, spatial dependence structure, which is conceptualized as spatial autocorrelation, generates heterogeneous geographic landscape in a spatial process. Secondly, generic statistics, although suitable for dealing with stochastic uncertainty, tacitly ignores location information im plicit in spatial data. GIS is a versatile tool for manipulating locational information, while spatial statistics are suitable for investigating spatial uncertainty. Therefore, integrating spatial statistics to GIS is considered as a plausible strategy for appropriately understanding geographic phenomena of interest. Geographic hot-spot analysis is a key tool for identifying abnormal locations in many domains (e.g., criminology, epidemiology, etc.) and is one of the most prominent applications by utilizing the integration strategy. The article aims at reviewing spatial statistical perspective for analyzing spatial processes in the framework of GIS by carrying out empirical analysis. Illustrated is the analysis procedure of using spatial scan statistic for detecting clusters in the framework of GIS. The empirical analysis targets for identifying spatial clusters of breast cancer incidents in Erie and Niagara counties, New York.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2003

오디는 옛부터 보혈자음(補血滋陰), 생진윤조(生津閏操), 현훈이명(眩最耳鳴), 심계실면(心悸失眠), 수발조백(鬚髮早白) 등을 치료하는 효능을 가진다고 알려져 있다. 상심자(桑 子)라 하여 뽕나무 열매로서 한방에서 상심(桑 ), 상실(桑實), 오심(烏 ), 흑심(黑 ) 등으로 지칭되며, 뽕나무과(Moraceae)에 속하는 뽕나무(Morus alba L)의 성숙한 과실로 취화과(聚花果)에 속하며 작은 수과(瘦果)가 많이 모여 이루어진 장원형으로 길이 1 내지 2 cm, 지름 0.5 내지 0.8 cm이며 황갈색, 갈홍색 또는 암자색을 띠고 짧은 줄기가 있다. 작은 수과(瘦果)는 난원형으로 조금 납작한 편이며, 길이는 약 2 mm, 너비는 약 1 mm 이고 육질의 화편(花片) 4개가 둘러싸고 있다. 그러나 아직까지는 오디에 대하여 자연과학적인 연구방법을 이용하여 구체적으로 연구된 바가 많지 않다. 또한 이의 생리활성 성분에 대해서도 그 작용과 연관지어 보고된 바가 많지 않다. 뇌졸중 가운데 뇌조직으로 가는 혈액 공급의 감소 혹은 차단으로 발생되는 허혈성 뇌졸중(ischemic stroke)은 전체 뇌졸중 환자의 약 80%정도를 차지하고 있으나 아직까지 뇌신경세포 손상기전의 복잡성 등으로 뇌졸중으로 발생하는 뇌신경세포의 손상을 보호해 줄 수 있는 물질이 개발되어 있지 못한 실정이다. 한편, 천연물로부터 뇌허혈 보호작용을 가지는 물질의 도출은 주로 한방에서 처방을 중심으로 이루어지고 있으며, 따라서 처방으로부터 신경보호작용을 가지는 물질의 도출은 그 처방에 함유되어 있는 각종 생약이 갖는 다양한 활성으로 인해 어려운 점이 있으며, 비록 효과가 있다고 하더라도 과학적인 입증자료가 매우 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 위에 언급된 자료를 토대로 오디추출물이 뇌허혈에 효과가 있을 것이라는 가정하에 in vitro system을 이용하여 오디추출물의 신경보호작용기전을 검색하고자 DPPH radical 의 생성억제효과, PC12 cell line을 이용한 산화적 스트레스에 의한 오디추출물의 방어효과, LSP에 의하여 활성화된 BV-2 cell에 미치는 영향 등을 검색하였다. 오디의 DPPH 소거활성은 단일화랍물인 bacicalein과 유사한 효과를 나타냈으며 PC12 cell line을 이용한 산화적 스트레스에 의한 오디의 방어 효과는 LDH activity를 행한 결과 농도 의존적으로 LDH 유리 량을 감소시켰다. 뇌손상시에 오디추출물의 염증방어 효과를 관찰하기 위하여 microglial cell line인 BV2 세포주를 선택하여 배양한 후 LPS로 자극을 준 후 일차적인 염증지표인 NO양을 측정한 결과 BV2 cell에 LPS 100 ng/ml을 처리하는 경우 nitrite량이 유의적으로 증가하였는데 이때 오디추출물을 1, 5, 10 ug/ml의 용량으로 처리하는 경우 역시 저농도에서 NO생성량을 감소시켰다. 정리해보면 뽕나무과 식물인 오디는 신경보호효과가 있는 것으로 사료되는데 이러한 효과는 아마도 오디의 항산화효과에 기인한 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.757-761
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• 2014

Olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important aquaculture fish species in Jeju Island, South Korea. Due to the intensification of flounder fish farming, huge amounts of chemical antibiotics are used against several fish diseases. This has many harmful side effects on fish, as well as human consumers. Hence, an alternative to chemical antibiotic agents is needed for disease control. In this study, three strains of rhizobacteria (BRH433-2, TRH415-2, and THJ609-3) were isolated from the rhizosphere of plants. Assays of their antibacterial activity against fish pathogens, such as S. iniae, S. parauberis, V. anguillarum, and E. tarda, were performed with untreated broth culture (without cell separation), supernatant, and precipitated pellets separated by centrifugation. Among these, the cell suspension prepared from the precipitated pellet showed significant antimicrobial activity when compared with that of the untreated broth culture and centrifugal supernatant. These results indicate that the three isolated rhizobacterial strains exhibit antibacterial activity. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences of the BRH-433-2, THJ609-3, and TRH415-2 strains showed the highest similarity to Burkholderia gladioli (99.5%), Pseudomonas baetica (97.7%), and P. koreensis and P. baetica (98.4%), respectively. We suggest that the strains hold promise in disease management of fish.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.365-370
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• 2004

To invesligate the characteristics of silica sorption on soils silica sorption experiments were conducted with 9 soils at 4 pH levels (5, 6, 7, and 8). Silica sorption increased in great extent with increase of pH. At the same pH level silica sorption increased linearly with increase of equilibrium $SiO_2$ concentration. Silica sorption characteristics was C-type. The C-type slope, i.e., the slope of linear regression of silica sorption isotherm, increased exponentially with increase of pH in all soils. Log(C-type slope) increased linearly with increase of pH in all soils. The slopes of linear regression were similar in most soils from 0.29 to 0.34 except Sachon and Jonggog soil. None of the soil properties showed any correlation with the slope of linear regression of Log(C-type slope) to pH. Only $Fe_o$ (oxalate extractable Fe oxides) was significantly correlated with the Log(C-type slope) at pH 7 in simple correlation analysis, and was shown to be the principal contributor as determined by standardized multiple linear regression.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.382-390
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• 2019

As there is severe competition in the global foldable display market, strategic technology planning is required. Patent analysis as a tool for technology planning has frequently been used due to data characteristics such as openness, formality, and detailed information. However, traditional patent analysis has various limitations such as quantitative approaches are limited in evaluating contents of patents and identifying core technologies of firms as they rely on number of patents, and qualitative approaches have time and cost problems as researchers have to investigate each patent on a case-by-case basis. In this research, we analyze core technologies of firms in the foldable display sector analyzing patent co-classification Network. Results show that the number of patent applications has rapidly increased since 2014, and 92% of these patents are held by two panel manufacturers, SDC and LGD, and two device manufacturers, SEC and LGE. Network analysis shows that the two panel manufacturers' core technologies are similar and two device manufacturers are notably different. This research provides implications to the sector. Moreover, this study provides unique results drawn from co-classification network analysis, and therefore, our research suggests patent co-classification analysis as an effective tool for technology planning.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.145-164
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• 2020

This study aims to validate the Korean Student Career Construction Inventory, a translated measure of career adaptation responses, with Korean college students. In order to do so, this study examines the relevant factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity and measurement invariance between Korean undergraduate and graduate students. An online survey was completed by 294 participants, including the questions from the translated Korean Student Career Construction Inventory, in addition to measures of career adaptability and vocational identity. One hundred twenty five among the initial participants were tested again in three months for the examination of test-retest reliability. The results supported the four-factor structure of 18 items suggested by the original measure, as well as measurement invariance. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were adequate. The Korean Student Career Construction Inventory was positively correlated with career adaptability, unidimensional vocational identity, and the dimensions of exploration and commitment of multidimensional vocational identity, but negatively with the dimension of reconsideration. The findings indicate that the Korean Student Career Construction Inventory has psychometric properties similar to the original form and can be used for both undergraduate and graduate students.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.265-292
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to figure out the movements of policy actors in the policy process of the establishment of a local cultural foundation in B-gu(district), A-si (city), then to explore the way to contract out of the management of public libraries to the cultural foundation in the policy process. Data for the study were collected from various sources from newspapers and assembly minutes to blogs and SNS messages of the policy actors, then analysed based on Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). The results showed that 'agreement of contract-out' coalition only accepted public interest of the public libraries between the public interest and specialty of librarianship which were insisted by 'disagreement of contract-out' coalition's policy beliefs. The comparison between this case and a similar policy case showed that the specialty of librarianship as a core belief is effective in changing the beliefs of other coalition. Eventually, it is required to differentiate and to specialize library services among public services in a local area in order to keep the direct management of public libraries by the local government, and this means that everyday library services influence the decision making of library policies in the local area.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.648-654
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• 2004

Physiological functionality of browned oak mushroom was evaluated with focusing its electron-donating ability to DPPH radicals, scavenging ability to superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals, and inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation. The results showed that overall antioxidative activities of browned oak mushroom were superior to those of raw oak mushroom with marketable quality, implying possible involvement of resultant browning reaction products in an increment of antioxidativity. The increased radical-scavenging ability was suggested to mainly be exerted by direct quenching of both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, not by inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity and $Fe^{2+}$ chelation, respectively. Collectively, these results indicate a possible use of unmarketable browned mushroom as a material for manufacturing various processed functional foods.