• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1407-1414
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• 2012

갱년기의 여성에는 여러 폐경 증후들이 나타나는데, 특히 에스트로겐의 감소로 인한 혈중의 지질 조성의 변화 등으로 심혈관계 질환의 발병율이 높아지게 된다. 이러한 폐경기의 문제를 감소시키기 위하여 호르몬 보충요법이 사용되고 있으나 유방암, 관상동맥질환 등을 오히려 증가시키는 등의 보고가 있다. 따라서 해조류 중에서 갈조류인 대황 추출물을 이용하여 갱년기 유도 흰쥐의 혈중지질 농도, 혈소판 응집력 및 혈액 유동성을 통하여 그 효과를 검토하고자 하였다. 또한 동물실험에 이용하기 위한 추출물 제조 방법으로는 열수와 에탄올을 이용하는 것이 일반적이므로, 이러한 추출 방법으로 추출물을 제조한 후 항산화 활성을 측정하여 활성이 우수한 추출물을 본 실험에 이용하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 갱년기 유도로 인하여 증가된 혈청 중 중성지방 및 총콜레스테롤 함량은 대황 추출물 투여에 의해 저하되었으며, 특히 대황 추출물 200 mg/kg bw/day 투여는 중성지방 함량을 유의적으로 감소시키는 결과를 나타내었다. AI와 CRF는 난소를 절제한 OVX-CON군이 난소를 절제하지 않은 SHAM군 보다 유의적으로 증가하는 결과가 나타났으나, 대황 추출물의 투여에 의해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한 대황추출물의 항 혈전능에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해, 난소절제로 인하여 혈 중 지질 함량이 증가한 상태에서 washed platelet을 분리하고 콜라겐 2 ${\mu}g$으로 혈소판 응집을 유도하였다. 그 결과 대황 추출물을 투여한 군이 OVX-CON군에 비해 혈소판 응집을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다(Table 5). Amplitude (%)는 난소절제를 한 OVX-CON군이 난소절제를 하지 않은 SHAM군과 비교하여 증가하였으나, 대황 추출물 투여군인 OVX-EB50 및 OVX-EB200군 모두에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 난소절제로 인해 OVX-CON군이 비 난소절제군인 SHAM군과 비교하여 Slop이 증가하여 혈소판 응집이 촉진되었으나, 대황 추출물 투여에 의해 감소하였고 특히 OVX-EB50군에서 유의적으로 감소하여 혈소판 응집이 억제되었다. 응집시간을 나타내는 lag time (sec)은 난소절제에 의해 반응이 일어나는 시간이 짧아져, 혈소판 응집이 촉진되는 결과가 나타났다. 이에 반해 대황 추출물 투여군인 OVX-EB50 및 OVX-EB200군에서 응집시간이 지연되었으며, 특히 OVX-EB200군의 경우 정상군인 SHAM군과 같은 응집지연 효과를 보였다. 한편, 대황 추출물이 혈액의 유동성에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험 결과 난소절제에 의해 혈액의 점도가 증가하여 유동성이 저하되었으나, 대황 추출물 투여에 의해 유동성이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 대황 추출물이 외부자극으로 인한 혈소판 응집능이나, 점도의 증가로 인한 혈액의 유동성에 효과적인 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 이상과 같이 대황 추출물이 혈중 LDL-콜레스테롤, AI 및 CRF를 감소시키고, 혈액 유동성을 증가시키는 결과로부터 심혈관 질환의 위험율을 저하시킬 수 있는 소재가 될 것으로 기대가 되나, 앞으로 투여량의 범위 및 조절 등의 구체적인 연구가 요구된다.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.245-260
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this experiment is to know the effect of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng Pharmacopuncture on Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Pulse wave velocity (PWV) in Middle Aged Women. Methods: We investigated on 40 women of breast cancer patients. First, we measured their Heart Rate Variability(HRV), Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and then Mountain Cultivated Ginseng Pharmacopuncture $20m{\ell}$ were injected on them. After 30 minutes, we measured Heart Rate Variability(HRV), Pulse wave velocity(PWV) again. As a result, method of non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design were used for evaluation. Results: In HRV, Mean HRV is significantly decreased from 69.15 to 63.34 after injection. Mean RR is significantly increased from 877.20 to 962.10 after injection. SDNN is significantly increased from 32.56 to 41.34 after injection. PNN50 is significantly decreased after injection. RNSSD, SDSD, TP, VLF is significantly increased after injection. Stress Resistance ability is significantly increased from 37.55 to 44.60 after injection. And In PWV, E-R, E-L, H-R, H-L is significantly decreased after injection. Conclusions: Effect of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng Pharmacopuncture on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) increased adaptability of autonomic nervous system and on Pulse wave velocity (PWV) decreased arterial stiffness.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2015

Objectives The purposes of this study was to develope a Qi gong exercise that suits characteristics of post mastectomy women, and to evaluate the effect of Qi gong exercise on immune response, blood circulation index, pulse wave parameter and heart rate variability. Methods This study was applied to total 35 post mastectomy women, including 17 for experiment group and 18 for control group. The Qi gong exercise was composed of total 24 times of 90 minutes per each time, twice a week, and 12 weeks and it was conducted by the oriental medicine professor who was an expert of Qi gong exercise. Results 1. Two group comparison revealed that the experimental group had significantly improved immune response(p<.021), HR(beats/min)(p<.001), ESV(ml/beat)(p=.038), ESI($ml/beat/m^2$)(p=.040), ECO (L/min)(p=.019), ECI($L/min/m^2$)(p=.023), ECRI($dyne^*sec/cm$)(p=.015), Left Kwan($div^3$)(p=.021), Right Kwan($div^3$)(p=.038), Mean HRV(cycle/min)(p<.001), SDNN(ms)(p=.043), RMSSD(ms)(p=.040), and TP(log $ms^2$)(p=.039). 2. Two group comparison revealed that the experimental group had significantly decreased ECR ($dyne^*sec^*cm^{-5}$) (p=.034), Left RAI(p=.044), Right RAI(p=.042), and pNN50(%)(p=.038). Conclusions These results from Qi gong exercise program can be used as basic data for development of health promotion program for Post Mastectomy Women.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2015

This study aimed to compare the characteristics of breast cancer surgery and shoulder surgery patients on the shoulder range of motion (ROM), degree of pain and dysfunction, and scapular position. This study was carried out with a total of 90 women: a breast cancer surgery group (BS, $n_1=30$), a shoulder surgery group (SS, $n_2=30$) and a control group ($n_3=30$). Shoulder ROM, the Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale (QVAS), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and the Scapular Index (SI) were used to assess shoulder function. Statistical analyses were performed using a one-way analysis of variance, crosstab test, and independent sample t-test. Post-hoc testing was carried out with Bonferroni test. There were significant differences in shoulder ROM when the BS and the SS were compared with the control group. However, there was no significant difference in ROM between the BS and SS. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in shoulder pain between both surgery groups, and there was greater shoulder dysfunction in the SS than in the BS. There was also a significant difference in upper extremity posture when the BS and the SS were compared to the control group. Finally, there was no significant difference in upper extremity posture between the BS and the SS. This study compared shoulder ROM, pain, dysfunction, and upper extremity postures between the BS and SS. While there were no significant differences in shoulder ROM, pain, and upper extremity posture between both surgery groups, the level of dysfunction was found to be significantly different. Therefore, health professionals managing for breast cancer surgery or shoulder surgery patients should consider these outcomes.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sensory motor training using ball exercise on shoulder range of motion, pain, dysfunction, and quality of life in Breast Cancer Women after Mastectomy. METHODS: A total of 26 patients from D University Hospital in Daejeon were included and randomly allocated to two groups (n=13 per group). The two groups performed the exercise five times a week for 4 weeks. A sensory motor training group (SMTG) received general physical treatment for 10 minutes and sensorimotor training for 20 minutes. A control group (CG) received general physical therapy for 30 minutes. Shoulder pain (the Visual Analog Scale), range of motion, disability (the shoulder pain and disability index) and quality of life (the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-Breast instrument) were measured in both groups before and after 4-weeks intervention. RESULTS: A significant difference was found in joint range of motion, shoulder pain, functional disability level, and quality of life within the two groups (p <.05). In addition, changes in joint range of motion, pain, functional disability level, and quality of life after then intervention were significantly different between the two groups (p <.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a sensory motor training program is feasible, safe, and suitable exercise for shoulder functions and quality of life in Breast Cancer Women after Mastectomy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.462-466
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• 1997

원발성으로 종격동에서 발생한 융모막암종은 드문 질환으로 젊은 남자에서 주로 발견되었으며, 기침, 흉통, 여성형 유방 등의 증상을 보이는 것으로 알려졌다. 33세 여자로 약 3개월 전부터 가벼운 기침으로 시작하였으나 심한 호흡곤란과흉통증 등 증상이 급격히 악화되어 내원하였다. 방사선학적 검사상 후종격에서 직경 13cm크기의 종양이 발견되었고, 혈중 $\beta$-HCG가 20만 mIU 이상 증가하였으며, 적출된 종양은 $\beta$-HCG에 대한 면역조직화학적 검사상 양성반응을 보였다. 융모막암종 절제술을 받고 EMA-CO투여 받은후 약 7개월만에 뇌에 전이된 종양 때문에 뇌출혈을 일으켜 다시 뇌종양 적출술을 받았다. 환자는 그 후 약 7개월동안 두통외의 증상은 없었고 흉부단순촬영상 종격종양의 재발소견도 없었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.101-112
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the degree of the pulse wave parameter of post-mastectomy women and to identify the relationships between each of them. Methods : Data were obtained from public health center in Busan Metropolitan city. Participants were 82 post-mastectomy women aged 31-82. the data collection was from Oct, 1, 2010 to Oct, 31, 2010. the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test. A p-value less than .05 was considered significant by 2-tailed test. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS/Win(ver 12.0). Results : As for the difference in the pulse wave by the general characteristics. The pulse energy was showed highly in the order of Chon, Quan and Chuk of left and right pulse respectively. In the pulse energy of left Quan and right Chon, the case of both mastectomy was showed highly and in the pulse energy of left Chuk, the case of right mastectomy was showed highly. Left and right pulse energy of menopause female were significantly higher than normal range except left Chon and Chuk. In h1, h2, h4, h5, t1, t2, AP and Aw, the pulse energy of left Chon was showed the largest significantly. In As, the pulse energy of right Chon was showed the smallest and in Ad, right Chuk was showed the largest. In RAI, right and left Chuk was showed the highest respectively. Conclusions : From these result, we can see that there are relation between women's age, area of operation breast and menopause after mastectomy in pulse wave. The result of this study will become basic data necessary for the Oriental Medicine treatment to reduce or prevent women's functional difficulties, symptomatology after mastectomy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2007

Purpose: Gynecomastia is an abnormal increase in the volume of the male breast. Patients affected by gynecomastia with significant glandular enlargement may respond to suction alone and/or sharp dissection and excision. The purpose of this report is to introduce the indications and results of authors' two techniques. Methods: The diameter of parenchyme was determined by a pinch test after liposuction. For the parenchymal diameter less than 4 cm, ultrasound-assisted liposuction was performed, in conjunction with the "pull-out technique" to effectively remove the fibrofatty tissue of the male breast through a single 5-7 mm incision. For the parenchymal diameter more than 4 cm, ultrasound-assisted liposuction and excision were applied through 2.5 cm periareolar approach. Results: A total of 94 patients (185 breasts) underwent the operation from October 2000 to October 2003 and mean follow-up period was 12 months. The volume of aspirates ranged from 50 to 450 cc per breast. There were no major complications such as skin flap necrosis. Five reoperations were performed for 1 hypertrophic scar, 2 under-resected and 2 hematoma cases. The patient's satisfaction was high and most of them were pleased with the shape of the breasts and scars. Conclusion: These procedures can minimize scars and reduce the incidence of contour problem such as saucer deformity, and provides consistent results. Patients can return to full activities in 48 hours. It can be offered as an option for the treatment of gynecomastia.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.742-748
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• 2010

Purpose: The method of using ultrasound-assisted liposuction and excision of the remaining glandular tissue is the preferred method for treating gynecomastia and is currently used worldwide. Herein, this article described the role of ultrasound-assisted liposuction before a surgical excision in the treatment of gynecomastia. The cosmetic results were objectively evaluated. Methods: 11 patients (22 breasts) underwent ultrasoundassisted liposuction and suction-assisted lipectomy between April 2007 and January 2009. At the end of the liposuction, the remaining glandular tissue was removed through the incision used for liposuction. We evaluated the cosmetic results using ordinary scale methods on the basis of four categories (recurrence, symmetry, contour irregularity, and scar). Results: The volume of aspirates ranged between 50 and 200 cc per breast and the average weight of tissue removed by excision was 65g per breast. No complications were recorded. Regarding the cosmetic evaluation, the recurrence, contour irregularity, and scar were excellent, the symmetry was good, and the overall results represented all those cases were mostly excellent. Conclusion: Ultrasound-assisted liposuction has many advantages in the treatment of gynecomastia. When excising the remaining glandular tissue, bleeding is decreased by the use of a tumescent technique. The glandular tissue is easily mobilized and excised after being "morselized" with ultrasound-assisted liposuction. The glandular tissue is simply dissected via the suction surface. Compared the residual mound of glandular tissue beneath the nipple and areola to the periphery, it facilitates precise control of the excision.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of a four-week scapular stabilization exercise program using the PNF technique on scapular symmetry and range of flexion motion (ROM), pain, function, and quality of life (QOL) in post-mastectomy women with breast cancer. Methods: This study included 20 women divided into an experimental group (n = 10) and a control group (n = 10). All patients performed complex decongestive physiotherapy for 40 min daily, five times per week for four weeks. The experimental group performed the extra scapular stabilizing exercise program using the PNF technique for 50 min daily, five times per week for four weeks. Scapular symmetry, shoulder flexion ROM, pain and function, and QOL were subsequently assessed. For ROM measurement, the range of shoulder flexion was measured using a clinometer smart phone application; the pain of the shoulder was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS); the scapular position was measured using a lateral scapular slide test (LSST); the level of pain and functional activity was measured using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI); and the QOL was measured using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast. Results: There were significant differences in shoulder flexion ROM, VAS, SPADI, and LSST 0˚ and 45˚ when the experimental group was compared with the control group (p < 0.05). After the intervention, there was an improved within-group change in the ROM, SPADI, LSST, and QOL in both the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a scapular stabilization exercise program using the PNF technique may be used as a possible treatment option for post-mastectomy women with breast cancer that aims to improve scapular position, shoulder ROM and function, and QOL.